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Plant Genetic Resource.Taxonomy: Cajanus cajanCommon name(s): PigeonpeaConserved by: International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), IndiaLocal sample unique identifier: ICP 12866Method of creation: AcquisitionDate: 1984-06-16Historical: NoBiological status: Traditional cultivar/landraceMLS status: Included

Plant Genetic Resource.Taxonomy: Sorghum bicolorCommon name(s): Sweet SorghumConserved by: SADC Plant Genetic Resources Centre (SRGB), ZambiaLocal sample unique identifier: SGB11742Method of creation: AcquisitionDate: 2007-01-11Other identifiers: n/a,SGB070111742Historical: NoBiological status: Traditional cultivar/landrace

Plant Genetic Resource.Taxonomy: Oryza sativa LinnaeusCommon name(s): RiceOther names: MA HE ZIConserved by: International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), PhilippinesLocal sample unique identifier: IRGC 74120Method of creation: AcquisitionDate: 1986-07-30Other identifiers: n/a,396628Historical: NoMLS status: Art. 15 collection

The advancing digitalization leads to new challenges in the development of new product ideas. The systems, which need to be developed, are becoming increasingly complex. As complexity rises, so does the slowness of organizations. In order to remain innovative and be able to react quickly to changes in the market, validation approaches offer great potential. An essential focus is the early, customer-centric and continuous validation of development artefacts. This is the only way to cope with shorter development cycles, and develop products that address a real need. To plan a validation, engineers need to have an idea about the possibilities within a validation. This paper presents a structuring framework for early validation of product ideas, which contains the three tools of Validation Map, Building Block Cards and Validation Canvas. The objective is to enable easier planning of validation experiments.

This article has two objectives: to study the 1997 episode of hyperinflation in Bulgaria and to compare and contrast this analysis with the post-Keynesian theoretical approach. This approach highlights the role of three components observed simultaneously in order to understand the emergence of hyperinflation: a virulent distribution conflict, the presence of indexing mechanisms, and finally flight from domestic currency into one or more foreign currencies. The article reveals that a transitional economy like that of Bulgaria in the 1990s may generate hyperinflation in the absence of any violent distribution conflict: the transition and the banking crisis engender inflation. The foreign exchange rate is decisive in the emergence of hyperinflationary dynamics (and therefore mistrust of domestic currency). Lastly, this interpretation of hyperinflation is confirmed by an econometric analysis.

We present a new scheme for approximating solutions of forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs). The scheme is particularly suitable for fully coupled FBSDEs. The approximation relies on a piecewise in time approximation by minimizing an error functional that measures how well a process triplet satifies the FBSDE. The error functional is minimized in a finite-dimensional linear space based on iterated integrals. We provide sufficient conditions for the approximations to converge at the rate 1/sqrt(N), where N is the time discretization parameter.