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金庸的武侠小说是当代小说中极具个人魅力和影响力的作品。自七、八十年代就有无数翻拍电视剧问世，直至2000年后仍是如此，甚至还有网游与手游的出现，足见金庸武侠小说的影响之深远。金庸先生成功地塑造了各色令人难忘的经典人物，那些行事独特而又性格鲜明的人物不仅深受读者的喜爱，也展现了人的不同性格与感情思想，才使得小说内容丰富而多彩。 本文将主要探讨《射雕英雄传》中的武林奇才——“东邪”黄药师。黄药师是《射雕英雄传》小说中塑造得相当成功的一位传奇人物，但随着金庸第二次修订小说，对此人物的修改引起了读者的广泛讨论，而各类电视剧对此人物的改编则呈现了不同于小说的诠释方式，因此，本文以黄药师为主要分析对象，以文学手法的角度探讨其人物形象的塑造，并分析小说与电视剧之间如何以不同方式呈现人物的形象。最后，本文也尝试探讨《射雕英雄传》一书在第二次修订后影响人物形象的问题，以及电视剧作品对人物的改编所引发读者与观众的反应。 笔者发现黄药师是《射雕英雄传》整部小说中对于推动故事剧情极为重要的人物，所以电视剧的改编与剧情发展与黄药师的呈现有着紧密的关系，而作者的修改、读者与观众对于人物的理解也产生多元化的解读方式。 Jin Yong’s wuxia novels gained much popularity and created great influence in the era of modern novels. There were many adapted TV series produced from the 70s and 80s, such that even after 2000 there are still TV series remade, together with the creation of online and mobile games adapted from the novels. Jin Yong's success lies in the creation of unique and distinctive characters that not only captured readers’ attention, but also reflected the complexity of human, making the stories enriching and interesting. This paper’s discussion will mainly focus on the character Huang Yaoshi (also known as the “Eastern Devil”) from The Legend of Condor Heroes. The change in Huang Yaoshi’s character image in the revised edition of the novel led to much discussion among readers. On the other hand, TV series have very different interpretations and approach in representing this character on screen. Thus, this paper will be analysing how Huang Yaoshi’s character image was shaped through literary approaches in the novel and analyse how different TV series represent the character on screen. Finally, this paper also attempts to address the issue regarding the revised edition of "The Legend of Condor Heroes" and analyse the adaptation of Huang Yaoshi in the TV series that led to discussion among readers and audiences. Through this paper, I discovered the importance of Huang Yaoshi’s character image in the development of the story plot, thus the story plot of adapted TV series should be closely linked to the representation of Huang Yaoshi. The discussion led by changes to this character and the representation of him on TV series also served as a form of communication between author, readers and audience, enabling us to have a more diverse understanding of this character. Bachelor of Arts

《聊斋志异》是清代著名小说家蒲松龄的代表作。全书收录了四百三十一篇志怪短篇小说, 题材广泛多元,内容丰富多彩,是古代文言短篇小说中的重要著作。《聊斋志异》里的爱情故事以凡男与异类女子相恋为主。两人往往是初次见面就相互爱悦,并发生性爱关系。这样的故事情节与一般的艳情小说中所看到的非常相似,因此曾被学者批评否定。它与艳情故事的差别在于故事里的男女主人公在幽会偷情的同时,也对彼此产生了真挚的感情,并不只是一味地追求肉欲上的满足。因此说这些爱情故事多数具有“情生与欲”的特点, 也就是男女之间的感情是建立在情欲的满足上的。本文将通过文本细读的方式,分析这类爱情故事中“情生与欲”的特点, 并论证这些作品里所体现的不是艳情,而是真情。“Strange Tales of Liaozhai” (Liao Zhai Zhi Yi) is the masterpiece of famous Qing Dynasty writer, Pu Songling. The four hundred and thirty-one short stories recorded, consist of a wide range of themes and content, making it an important collection of classical tales (wenyan xiaoshuo). The love stories of Liaozhai mainly touch on the romance between mortal men and women with supernatural elements (yilei nüzi). The couple often enjoys the physical act of love on the very first meeting itself. Even though these love stories of scholars and women carry elements of excessive desire, it is incorrect to categorize them as “erotic” stories. The main characters may not be married in name but they do share the love that exists between married couples. Although these stories contain descriptions of erotic desire, there is still true love between them and this love (qing) is developed as a result of erotic desire (yu) during their numerous rendezvous. Through analyzing the novel, this paper will explore the characteristic element of erotic desire leading to love in these love stories and reveal that it is real love and not sexual desire alone that exists between the main characters in the stories. Bachelor of Arts

中華民国臨時政府(王克敏政権)の中央銀行である中国聯合準備銀行(1938年設立)（通称、聯銀）発行の紙幣 技術的要件: 画像データ（djvu形式）の閲覧には「DjVu ファイル閲覧用プラグイン」が必要。 利用条件: オリジナルは貴重資料のため、できるだけ本画像データにより利用する。 Physical description: 大きさ: 55×100mm オリジナルの所在: 一橋大学附属図書館

语码混用的谈话习惯在新加坡几乎是无所不在，不少研究认为是用语者的词汇量不足，但我们不难发现用语者在日常生活中能够灵活地进行语码转换，更知道标准的表达是什么，而用语者却仍然说话语码混用。本文以语义解构方法分析新加坡用语者语码混用的现象，研究对象是用语者对触碰类手部动作近义词的使用方式，结合语义特征分析以及问卷调查，以解释双语的词汇习得以及语码混用和动词的语义特征的关系，务求从另一个观点解释新加坡用语者在词汇上的区域变体以及语码混用的现象。Code-mixing in speech is a habit of most Singaporeans. While many researchers suggest that this is due to the fact that speakers have insufficient vocabularies, it is not difficult to find instances, in which Singaporeans speakers are able to efficiently switch between two languages to communicate in daily life, and these speakers chose to code-mix despite knowing the standard expressions. This paper attempts to analyze the code-mixing habits of Singaporeans by semantic decomposition, focusing on their uses of touch action verbs in daily life. This research uses a combination of semantic feature analysis and questionnaires data analysis in attempt to explain the relationship between bilingual acquisition of vocabularies, code-mixing, and semantic features of vocabularies. This might be able to provide an explanation to the geological variations of lexicon in Singapore and the code mixing phenomenon from another perspective. Bachelor of Arts

新加坡和马来西亚的语言环境丰富，但是两地的语言环境却也不尽相同，尤其两国政府对当地华文教育不同程度的干预，究竟会产生怎样的影响呢？新加坡和马来西亚学前儿童对不同语言的掌握程度究竟如何？词汇量是衡量儿童语言发展的重要指标，其中以动词在这个领域中的重要性广受认可。Gao（2001, 2015）指出，儿童早期所使用的动词当中有很大部分跟身体动作相关，即身体动作动词是儿童早期词汇发展中的一个重要组成部分。于是，本研究选取了 8个饮食类动词，结合新加坡和马来西亚的语言环境，从认知角度考察两国 5-6岁英汉双语儿童的词汇应用情况。本研究分成问卷调查和语言测试两个部分。研究人员先向儿童展示视觉刺激物，然后通过他们的作答情况考察其语言能力和认知能力，并结合问卷调查表中各别儿童的家庭背景、家庭用语等等，进一步分析其它非言语因素对儿童语言能力的影响。研究结果显示：（一）儿童的整体表现受性别、年龄等因素影响；（二）新马儿童的英汉双语发展不平衡，马来西亚儿童的强势语言是汉语，而新加坡儿童的强势语言是英语；（三）基于新马复杂的语言环境，儿童难免会受到其它语言的干扰，且常常出现语言混用的现象；（四）儿童习得饮食类动词的顺序存在一定的规律。希望本研究得出的结果能给新马教育者和父母提供参考，并作为未来新马两地儿童语言发展等相关研究的基础或补充。 Singapore and Malaysia both have rich language environments. However, they are different in several aspects, particularly in terms of levels of intervention in local Chinese education by both governments. This study aims to find out the proficiency levels of the languages of preschool children in Singapore and Malaysia. Lexicon is the key component of a language, while the importance of verbs is widely recognised in the study of child language acquisition. According to Gao (2001, 2015), physical action verbs are children’s main lexicon in their early years of life. In this study, we took a cognitive approach and investigated the application of 8 eating and drinking verbs by Chinese-English bilingual children aged 5-6 in Singapore and Malaysia. The experiment design includes eliciting children to use different verbs to describe the actions shown in pictures and short videos selected for the study. The questions given to the children allow them to give answers that can reflect their cognitive understanding of the actions and conceptual knowledge of the verb meanings. In the data analysis and discussion, the associated factors, such as age, gender, home language, family language environment, etc. were put into consideration. The results show that there are certain orders in the children’s acquisition of different eating and drinking verbs and that gender and age are among various factors affecting the children’s overall performance. It was also found that Malaysian children showed a higher level of language competency in Chinese as compared to that of their English, while Singaporean children showed a higher level of language competency in English as compared to that of their Chinese. Besides, language interference and language mixing were found typical among the children from both countries. We assumed that this is due to the complex language environments faced by the children on a daily basis. We hope that the findings of this study can serve as a basis for further studies related to children’s language development and as a reference for educators and parents of preschool children in Singapore and Malaysia. Bachelor of Arts

古代中国的同性恋现象作为一种亚文化具有研究意义。《弁而钗》受晚明崇情思想影响，被认为是真正正面描写同性恋的小说集。本文以男性气概的性别概念分析当中同性恋的主/从关系和情欲表现，探讨同性恋如何借由协商双方的男性气概而建构、发展和消解。第一章将梳理中国同性恋传统与晚明的崇情思想，为分析《弁而钗》文本做相关社会背景和文化思想的介绍；第二章着手《弁而钗》的文本细读，阐述男性气概的协商原因和表现，及同性恋的社会处境；第三章推测《弁而钗》男性气概的协商的文化心理。The phenomenon of homosexuality in ancient China is of great significance as a subculture research topic. Being influenced by the thought of honoring qing in late Ming, Bian er chai is considered to be a collection of novels that truly describe homosexuality. This thesis uses the concept of masculinity to analyse the dominant/submissive relationship and erotic performance of homosexuals and explore how the negotiation of masculinities has enabled homosexuality to be constructed, developed and de-constructed. The first chapter will summarise the history of homosexual tradition in ancient China and introduce the thought of honoring qing in late Ming, this is to set the context of the thesis. The second chapter will analyse the text of Bian er chai and discuss the reasons and performance of negotiating masculinities, as well as to examine the social situation of homosexuality in ancient China. The third chapter will discuss the cultural psychology behind this observation. Bachelor of Arts in Chinese

学前双语教育主要是要让每位儿童在小学入学前能够掌握好双语能力。学前儿 童在学习双语词汇如:名词、动词、形容词等是分析儿童日常语言情况的重要信息。 本研究选择新加坡两名分别为 2.5 岁及 4.5 岁的儿童,采用跟踪的方式录制了他们在 语言发展阶段的的语言使用情况。为期半年的录影使用的是英汉交替的形式录制;每 次三十分钟的录影都在转写后采用 CHILDES(Child Language Data Exchange System) 的 CLAN 软件分析儿童使用的词汇。本项研究在开始为两名儿童进行了动词词汇测试以 及“大小”概念测试;在相隔半年后再为两名儿童进行相同的测试,对比两次测试并 分析差距。调查结果发现,双语学前儿童在 2.5 岁时与单语儿童在词汇量上没有差距; 然而 4.5 岁的双语儿童却跟同年龄的单语儿童在词汇量上有着显著的差距。双语儿童 在使用英语交谈时比较健谈而且能够更自然的表达出内心的话。但是,在使用汉语对 话时却是困难重重,有时还出现了语码转换的现象。本文将用具体的例子,深入的探 讨儿童在这两段年龄层在交谈时的语言使用特征。Early childhood education aims to build a strong foundation for children to develop in bilingual vocabulary abilities prior formal primary school education. Bilingual vocabularies, nouns, verbs, adjectives, for instance, form the linguistic foundation of children’s language. We use them as a performance parameter in this study. Two Singapore preschoolers aged 2.5 and 4.5 were the participants for this study. Their responses to a series of questions in natural conversational contexts aimed to capture each phase of their bilingual development on a weekly basis over a period of 6 months. The recordings were then transcribed with the CHILDES (Child Language Data Exchange System) software known as CLAN to determine the types and sizes of vocabulary used by the children. The children were also subjected to two tests, first at the beginning of the study and then again at the end of study. The first test was to determine the number of verbs they learned and the second test was to examine their understanding towards the concept of relative difference in size. According to the children’s total output, the bilingual child at the age of 2.5 had no distinction between the numbers of vocabulary acquisition compared with the monolingual children. However, results shows that the number of vocabulary acquired by the bilingual children at the age of 4.5 was lesser than that of monolingual children. Moreover, bilingual children showed that they were relatively more comfortable in speaking English as compared to Chinese. In addition, they have the tendencies of code-switching while speaking in Chinese. This paper aims to provide in-depth observations and discussions of child language acquisition through recorded conversations. Concrete examples of the language used by the children during the conversations are illustrated in the study. Bachelor of Arts

迟子建近年来备受瞩目，获了中国多项文学类奖项她对家乡的情感影响了她的作品，因此作品中展现出了对于自然、女性甚至动植物的保护意识。本文将以作者本身对地方的认知和认同感为基础，进一步了解这种保护意识的产生。并运用生态女性主义理论分析作品中保护意识的展现和意义。 Chi Zijian has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Her affection for her hometown has influenced her literature work, the work shows her environmental protection consciousness and female consciousness. Based on author’s understanding and cultural identity recognition of her hometown, the paper will discuss the formation of her environmental protection consciousness and being feminine. the theory of ecofeminism will be used to analyze the presence and significance of these protection consciousness in her literature work. Bachelor of Arts in Chinese

不同区域的语言和文化之间因受地域环境和生活习俗的影响而存在着巨大的差异。在任何国家，无论使用何种语言，幽默语所表现的语言特征及文化元素都尤为突出。由于幽默语带有特别强烈的语言与文化特征，所以幽默语翻译并不总是能达到最理想的效果。鉴于其翻译难度，幽默翻译成为字幕翻译中常受关注的一大议题。近几年来，从关联理论的角度研究并阐释幽默及汉译过程的现象逐渐增加。 关联理论是“明示—推理模式” （Ostensive-inferential Model）的语言交际理论。在关联理论的视角下，译者会根据原文的意图和观众的期待及推理能力进行取舍，并采用适当的翻译策略，完整地再现源语幽默效果及文化特色。英式幽默又被称为“冷幽默”或“黑色幽默”。这类幽默语有其独特的地域风情及色彩。 本论文会以英剧BBC《神探夏洛克》（Sherlock）中的幽默话语为素材。当中的幽默话语分为三类——语言幽默、文化幽默及普遍幽默。本论文会根据厄恩斯特·奥古斯特·格特（简称格特）（Ernst-August Gutt）所提出的关联翻译理论和直接与间接翻译策略来分析如何取得最佳幽默效果。 Living environments and the uphold traditions play a part in shaping a country’s culture and language, which creates a wide variety of different cultures and languages in the world. Different countries have their unique blend of humour. Humour, conveyed by its own country’s language, has strong linguistic and cultural characteristics. These strong characteristics of humour result in the difficulty to retain the exact humorous effect in the target language. Accordingly, humour translation has been an ongoing issue in the subtitling translation field, with many scholars attempting to search for solutions. In recent years, there is an increase in the research of humour translation from the perspective of Relevance Theory. Relevance Theory is the language communication theory of the "Ostensive-inferential Model". Following the Relevance Theory, translators make trade-offs based on the intent of the original text and the expectations and inferential ability of the audience. Translators then adopt appropriate translation strategies to completely reproduce both the humorous effect and cultural characteristics of the source language. This project is based on a case study of the British drama BBC Sherlock. British humour, with its cultural characteristics, has a reputation for being "dry" and "dark". Humour is classified under three categories: language humour, cultural humour and universal humour. This essay will analyse how to achieve the best possible humorous effects in these three categories based on the direct and indirect translation strategies proposed by Ernst-August Gutt. Bachelor of Arts in Chinese