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This paper examines the impact of the Estonian initiative and push for the implementation of the Once-Only Principle on a European Union level by engaging in an analysis framed within the theoretical frameworks of Michel Foucault, Daniel R. McCarthy and Hartmund Rosa, and will attempt to do so by synthesizing these theories’ notions of power and social acceleration. The paper concludes that the OOP can be seen as a mechanism that reproduce and maintain cultural hegemony, and that this furthermore is both a result of, and a catalyst for social acceleration.

Abstract This project critically assesses the shift from Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP) to Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) by the World Bank and IMF in Zambia. The project is a case study of the agricultural sector in Zambia, which has been chosen on the basis that a vast majority of poor people are situated in rural areas and employed by the agricultural sector. The data on which the project is constituted is therefore the relevant policy-papers and secondary literature. The analytical model, on which the project is based, is framed by a critique of the neoclassical development theory. The critique is grounded in an institutional approach, which together with a framework of theoretical linkages between poverty and agriculture creates the analytical framework. By analysing policy-papers from periods of development assistance loans, the project examines how the strategy-shift can be seen in the policies. The policies that Zambia implements under the SAP and the PRSP are analysed in order to show whether the poor are taken into consideration or not. The analysis of the policies implemented under SAP show that growth, liberalization/privatization and competition was the main focus. Thereby that period of development in Zambia happened very much under the influence of the neoclassical development theory, which entails that market forces and global capital market shall develop a stable and growing economy. The analysis of the PRSP from 2002 shows a shift towards a more nuanced approach. Poverty reduction is in focus, although it is supposed to happen combined with neoclassical ideas of growth and competition. The following progress reports shows that there were constraints to the reduction of poverty. One of these were the institutional inability to effectively allocate and disburse the allocated funds, which made a large part of the capital stay in domestic banks. Another central issue is shown to be the continuing government borrowing from domestic banks, a problem which is argued to be related to the substantial debt servicing. This kept the interest rate at a very high level, impeding investment opportunities for small scale farmers. The latest major policy-paper shows a continuing of the pro-poor tendency, and although it is as vague as the first PRSP it shows a number of pro-poor initiatives and programs. The project concludes that the focus on poverty reduction has increased with the implementation of the PRSP, although there are some constraints to reducing poverty. These include institutional incapacities to effectively invest in poverty reduction programs and debt servicing.

The following project Agriculture in Liberia - stories from four students seeks to provide a deeperunderstanding about how perceptions of roles and possibilities are linked to their education context.In order to do so an approach inspired by ethnography have been used when carrying out field workat the Oxfam IBIS Education of Youth Empowerment (EYE) center in Zwedru. We have used anexplorative approach doing our fieldwork when collecting our data which gave us the possibility tolet the surroundings influence our topic. Throughout the fieldwork we used informal conversations,participant observations and two types of interview methods. This data being the foundation for ourproject. For the analytical part of the project two theorist, Margaret Somers and Paulo Freire, havebeen used two shed light on the themes we found through coding our empirical data. In the end itbecomes possible to conclude, that the students achieve perspectives about what is possible forthem to change in their own life, but in Liberia as well. These perspectives are related to theagriculture skills accomplish.

Literature review of the debate over the concept 'Sustainable Agruculture'. Agricultural sustainability have been thoroughly discussed in the literature as a multidimensional concept, of which the most important are; system describing or goal prescribing, the three dimensions of sustainability, the geographical extent of sustainability and the role of technology, and as a system approach to sustainability assessment. Several frameworks have been developed, each with a specified geographical extent and timeframe that makes assessment possible. Some scholars have begun to argue that, due to the terms’ ambiguity, it has become a cliché. However, despite its vagueness, the term is comprehensively used by institutions, such as the EU.

Kan radardata fra satellitter bruges til at afdække omfanget af mindre sæsonbetingede oversvømmelser på eksempelvis marker? Hvor meget vand der skal til, før vi kan observere det via radardata? Og ved hvilke værdier defineres vand i datasættet? Hvordan skal data fra radarsatellitterne fortolkes, og hvordan fungerer teknologien? Dette er nogle af de spørgsmål der vil blive besvaret i dette projekt. Der vil blive taget udgangspunkt i empiriske feltstudier. Derudover vil der være data fra Sentinel-1 satellitterne i det Europæiske Copernicus program. Der vil derudover også blive taget udgangspunkt i TRIN-modellen fra Jørgensen 2017, for at forstå teknologien. Derudover vil der blive beskrevet, hvordan de øgede nedbørsmængder forventes at påvirke landbruget, samt risikoen for flere sæsonbetingede oversvømmelser.

Through this project the considerations behind introducing iPads and deliberately choosing not to use technology in two respective kindergartens are analysed. The Danish government, the representatives of the municipalities (KL) and the collective Danish regions (Danske Regioner) developed in 2011 a digital strategy in which they recommend the use of technology in Danish kindergartens. Observations in two the two kindergartens: Børnehuset Søndersø which uses iPads and Selmers Børnehus which does not use iPads, give us an understanding of the necessity of the presence of technology in the development of children’s learning abilities and play. The observations are supported by two interviews with the respective managers of the kindergartens, Susanne Frølund and Benthe Hansen. These interviews show which values are depicted in the kindergartens. Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory give us an understanding of how important the iPad is for the child as well as how the network created between the child and the iPad can help answer the research question. The theory of systems and lifeworld by Jürgen Habermas is used to determine which elements the kindergartens possess of the two types of society. Furthermore this project features a discussion of the themes derived from the empirical evidence. The themes are following: resources, social interaction, communication between the parents and the kindergarten, learning and development, and creativity. Additionally will the intentions behind KL’s digital strategy be discussed. The purpose of the strategy which is to inspire and encourage kindergartens to start using iPads, divides the Danish kindergartens. Some agree and some disagree. The visions of KL are therefore not necessarily met in all kindergartens. The evidence derived from the research shows, that the iPad can create a greater solidarity in the kindergarten as well as contribute to the development of creativeness and new methods of learning and teaching. The efficiency improvement in communication between the parents and the kindergarten can improve their relationship and at the same time the kindergarten teachers will get more time to take care of the children. On the other hand the iPad can be criticised for hindering the development of children’s creativeness and social competences as only one child can play with the iPad at a time, and this is only within the iPad’s beforehand installed programs.

“Multifunctional land consolidation” (in Danish: “multifunktionel jordfordeling”) is a regulatory approach to land use that encourages efforts to combat climate change and increase biodiversityin combination with other societal interests such as rural development, opportunities for recreation, and economic development for farmers. Since 2019, the Danish Agricultural Agency has run apilot subsidy scheme granting municipalities the funds to cover land consolidation charges through voluntary agreements with landowners. Using theories of governance and multifunctionality, thisproject analyses the opportunities of the pilot scheme to contribute to the mitigation of climate change and improvements of biodiversity. It is argued that the municipalities running projects mustdevelop new competencies as facilitators, which in turn reflects an emerging supervisory mode of governance. However, while voluntary participation is essential, the scheme does not require projects to be fully co-created by landowners and residents, and the funding structure of the scheme also undermines this effort. We argue that a greater focus on co-creation and more funding within the scheme could lead to greater levels of landowner support, which in turn could generate larger-scale changes in support of sustainable land use.

The way internet changes organizations and their structures have been visible to the eye for a while now. Digitization does not only change companies but also challenges their whole existence, constantly pushing them to prove themselves. The concept of digital disruption can be a sign of an end for the traditional companies which do not adapt fast enough. Our paper focuses on the identification of factors that could foretell the future of a company by analyzing the case of Netflix and Blockbuster. Examining the factors of disruptive innovation theory, project life cycle and technological life cycle our findings revealed how Netflix revolutionized the film industry itself over the years, as well as what Blockbuster lacked and ultimately required in order to survive. Furthermore, our paper looks beyond Netflix’s AI solutions to reveal a glimpse of what is to come.

This paper aims to examine the environmental issue constituted by the Danish import of soy used in pig feed. The problem this poses is that the soy is genetically modified so to be resistant to the pesticide RoundUp. The implication of this is widespread usage of RoundUp on the soy fields in Argentina, causing both environmental and health problems for the local populace. Additionally, more environmental complications arise when taking into account the deforestation realised by the massive demand for more soy fields. Abstract One solution to this issue could be the application of hydroponics. Hydroponics is a technology used to grow plants in soilless environments. The benefits to this type of cultivation are many. First, crops can be grown irrespective of the natural environment. Second, plants experience less disease in hydroponic gardens than in similar conventional systems. Third, hydroponic proponents claim increased yield and higher effeciency than conventional counterparts. Abstract In light of these apparent benefits, this paper will be investigating the extent to which it is possible to utilize locally produced hydroponically cultivated soy to supply the Danish pig industry. Interviews have been conducted with representatives of the Danish pig industry. These representatives are Jesper Pagh, vicepresident of the department of livestock nutrition and pigs at DLG, and Hans Aarestrup, CEO of LaDS. Additionally, this paper features calculations and models of the technological and economic efficiency of hydroponic systems. Likewise, interviews have been conducted with Søren Husted, professor in plant nutrients at the University of Copenhagen, and Torben Chrintz, chief Knowledge Officer at the Danish think tank Concito. The qualitative and the quantitative analysis within this paper applies expert knowdledge as retrieved from the interviews. Abstract In conclusion, the investigation has lead us to conclude that certain aspects of hydroponic cultivation do show promising results. However, some challenges present themselves in the context of utilizing soy for pig feed. The most pressing challenges include the extent of the demand for soy, as well as the amount of energy required to industrialize hydroponic cultivation in Denmark. To some extent this problem would be alleviated, were the soy grown hydroponically in countries with more suitable environments such as Argentina. Gauging current trends in the global populations demand for meat, including pork meat, and, subsequently soy, seems to be on an increase. This is viewed as a realistic scenario, since the population of the world and the global middle class will only grow according to current trend statistics. Dansk: Denne opgave tager sit udgangpunkt i det miljøproblem, som den danske import af soja til brug som svinefoder udgør. Dette problem udgøres primært af faktum, at sojaen, der primært importeres fra Argentina, er genmodificeret til at være resistent overfor RoundUp. Det betyder, at der benyttes store mængder RoundUp på de argentinske sojamarker, hvilket resulterer i både miljøpåvirkninger og sundhedsproblemer hos lokalbefolkningen. Ydermere har den massive efterspørgsel på soja betydet at store områder er blevet afskovet, med miljøorienterede konsekvenser til følge. Hydroponik er en teknologi, hvor man dyrker planter i jordløse systemer. Der er mange fordele ved denne type dyrkning, bl.a. dét at man kan dyrke planter under klimatiske forhold der ellers ikke er gunstige for bestemt typer afgrøder. Ydermere er der færre sygdomsforekomster, mindre sygdomsspredning og en højere effektivitet. Denne opgave søger således at undersøge, hvilket handlerum der er, for at anvende et dansk hydroponisk landbrug til fremstillingen af sojabaseret foder til danske svineavlere. For at besvare denne problemstilling benyttes interviews med repræsentanter for de danske svineproducenter, nærmere bestemt Jesper Pagh fra DLG, vicedirektør for DLGs afdeling for husdyrernæring og svin, og Hans Aarestrup, direktor for LaDS. Ydermere benyttes udregninger og modeller for den teknologiske og økonomiske effektivitet, af hydroponiske systemer. Både den kvalitative og den kvantitative del suppleres med ekspertviden opnået gennem interviews. Nærmere bestemt interviews med Søren Husted, professor i plantenæringsstoffer hos Københavns Universitet, samt med Torben Chrintz, videnschef for tænketanken Concito. I opgaven finder vi, at der er visse potentialer ved hydroponisk dyrkning, men at der også er en række udfordringer og barrierer, for denne teknologi som løsning til det undersøgte formål. Herunder mest tydeligt det, at omfanget af efterspørgslen på soja er så stort som det er samt at det vil kræve store mængder energi tilført. Dette kan i en vis grad løses ved at dyrke sojaen hydroponisk i lande med mere gunstige temperaturforhold, f.eks. Argentina. Såfremt hydryponisk dyrkning kan bidrage til en større effektivitet i dyrkningen af soja, vil man forhåbentlig også kunne undgå afskovning af endnu større områder, i takt med at den globale efterspørgsel på kød stiger. Dette er et ganske realistisk scenario, i takt med at den verdensbefolkningen og den globale middelklasse bliver større.