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  • 2014-2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kuvaja, Pekka;

    Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää ja tutkia Kuopion Energia Liikelaitoksen PLAN-tekniikalla toteutettua etäluentajärjestelmää häiritseviä tekijöitä. Lisäksi työssä oli tarkoitus selvittää, kuinka esiintyviä häiriöitä voidaan kompensoida ja kuinka etäluennan toimintavarmuutta voidaan parantaa. PLAN-tekniikka perustuu sähköverkossa tapahtuvaan tiedonsiirtoon ja verkossa liikkuvan datan modulointiin, eli PLC-tekniikkaan. PLAN-tekniikka on suhteellisen uusi ja tuntematon tekniikka, joten häiritsevien tekijöiden selvitys on tärkeää. Tutkimustyö aloitettiin selvittämällä sähköverkossa esiintyviä PLAN-tekniikkaa häiritseviä, sekä PLAN-signaalia vaimentavia tekijöitä Kuopiossa kesän 2013 aikana. Työhön kuului myös löydettyjen häiriöiden kompensoiminen, sekä vaimennustapauksissa PLAN-signaalin tasojen parantaminen. Sähköverkossa suoritettiin kesän aikana paljon mittauksia ja häiriö- ja vaimennustapaukset kirjattiin ylös. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena saatiin kattavasti tietoa erilaisista PLAN-tekniikkaa häiritsevista tekijöistä ja häiriöiden kompensoinnista. Lisäksi saatiin kattavasti tietoa PLAN-tekniikalle haasteellisita verkkoympäristöistä signaalia vai-mentavien tekijöiden osalta. Lisäksi työn kirjallinen osuus toimii jatkossa oppaana PLAN-tekniikkaa häiritsevien ja vaimentavien tekijöiden ja niiden kompensoinnin osalta. The purpose of this thesis was to research what things are disturbing PLAN technology based electrical remote reading of Kuopion Energia Commercial Enterprice as well as to research how to compensate discovered interferences and how to improve the reliability of electrical remote reading. PLAN technology is based on PLC technology. In other words, PLC technology means data transmission in electric network and modulation of transmitted data. PLAN technology is quite new and unknown, so researching disturbing things is important. The thesis began by researching what kind of things are disturbing PLAN technology and what kind of things were weakening PLAN signals in Kuopio during the summer of 2013. The thesis also included compensating the discovered interferences and improving PLAN signal quality. A lot of measurements were carried out in the electric network during the summer and all interferences and signal weakening cases were written down. The outcome of this thesis was a lot of information about different kinds of things that disturb PLAN technology and solutions how to compensate the discovered interferences. The thesis also produced a lot of information about what kind of networks are challenging for PLAN technology. This thesis report can also be a guidebook for PLAN technology interferences in the future.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Theseus
    Other ORP type . 2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theseusarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Theseus
      Other ORP type . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Räisänen, Pauli;

    This Bachelor's Thesis was carried out for Kemin Energia Oy. Purpose of this thesis was to create updated operation reports and add new control and status information to control panel from Takajärvi's district heating plant renovation for company use. The theory of this thesis consists of information about Kemin Energia Oy and information about district heating from history to general operation. The theory also includes information about Siemens SIMATIC STEP 7 and WinCC programs and information about new instrumentation. In the making of thesis, logic programs, operation reports and other documents related to the description of the process that all were acquired from Kemin Energia Oy were used. In designing of the operation reports, logic programs and other documents related to heating plant were used. Control and status information were added to the existing user interface on the control panel. Results of this thesis were new operation reports for instrumentation and an updated user interface for local control panel. During thesis, learning possibilities about district heating operations were great. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana toimi Kemin Energia Oy. Työssä oli tavoitteena luoda yrityksen käyttöön Takajärven kaukolämpökeskuksen uudistuksien toimintaselostuksia sekä tuoda uudet ohjaus- ja tilatiedot paikallisohjauspaneelille. Opinnäytetyön teoriaosuudessa tarkastellaan Kemin Energia Oy:n toimintaa sekä kaukolämpöä sen eri osa-alueilta historiasta yleiseen toimintaan. Lisäksi perehdytään Siemensin SIMATIC STEP 7 ja WinCC -ohjelmiin sekä uusiin toimilaitteisiin. Opinnäytetyön tekemisessä käytettiin Kemin Energia Oy:ltä saatuja logiikkaohjelmia, toimintaselostuksia sekä muita prosessin kuvaukseen liittyviä dokumentteja. Toimintaselostuksien tekemisessä käytettiin kaukolämpökeskuksen logiikkaohjelmia sekä muita laitokseen liittyviä dokumentteja. Paikallisohjauspaneelille lisätyt ohjaus- ja tilatiedot lisättiin valmiiseen käyttöliittymään. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena saatiin uusien toimilaitteiden toimintaselostukset ja päivitetty käyttöliittymä paikallisohjauspaneelille. Työn aikana pääsi myös tutustumaan kaukolämpötoimintaan.

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    Theseus
    Other ORP type . 2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theseusarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Theseus
      Other ORP type . 2014
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Stenhammar, Rino;

    The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis was to examine the regulations and the standards that apply to electric vehicle charging and to examine the components and the modules of the EV charging station for Metropolia UAS. The standards discussed in this thesis are official Finnish SFS standards and part of the regulations and recommendations are claims given by SESKO. The components and the structure of the charging station are examined from the standards’ aspect and from the wiring diagrams of a few charging stations’ aspect. The general EV charging issues as the plugs and the maximum currents of them, the charging modes, fast charging and its technical information are reviewed at the beginning of this thesis. The next part of the thesis deals with the requirements applying to EV charging from a household socket and the requirements applying to electric vehicle a.c. charging station. The standardization process and the new requirements of revised standards applying to charging stations and their installations are also reviewed in the same chapter. In the last main paragraph the components of the electric vehicle a.c. charging station such as electrical protection devices, the charging control unit and its functions, the contactor and the socket are examined. The requirements that apply to EV charging station and its protective functions are very strict in Finland. The risk of electric shock and fire has been minimized and the charging station must observe protective earthing constantly. The charging current is limited low enough to maintain the socket durability when charged from a regular household socket. It is also required to consider the condition and load of the electrical grid, Finnish alternating weather conditions and possible vandalism when manufacturing and installing an EV charging station. As a result of this thesis a comprehensive survey of electric vehicle a.c. charging and the components of charging station was carried out. The thesis gives a good review of the requirements of charging in Finland, the issues that must be considered when installing a station and the components of a station. The thesis is suitable as teaching and learning material for EV engineering students and lecturers. Electrical contractors and do-it-yourself people may find this thesis useful source material as well. Tämän insinöörityön tavoitteena oli selvittää sähköajoneuvon lataukseen liittyviä standardeja ja vaatimuksia sekä latausaseman rakennetta Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoululle. Standardit joita työssä käsitellään, ovat Suomessa virallisiksi hyväksyttyjä SFS-standardeja ja osa vaatimuksista ja suosituksista on muita SESKOn antamia sähköajoneuvon lataukseen liittyviä seikkoja. Latausaseman rakennetta käsitellään standardien ja muutaman aseman kytkentäkaavion pohjalta. Työn alussa käydään läpi yleiset sähköajoneuvon lataukseen liittyvät seikat kuten esimerkiksi erilaiset latausliittimet ja niiden sallimat huippuvirrat, lataustavat ja pikalataukseen liittyvät tekniset tiedot. Seuraavana selvitetään itse työn aihetta, jotka koskevat sähköajoneuvon latausta kotitalouspistorasiasta ja vaihtosähkölatausasemaa. Samassa kuvataan myös standardisoimisprosessi sekä työn kirjoitushetkellä voimaan tulleita ja tulevia uudistuksia latausasemiin ja niiden asennuksiin liittyvissä standardeissa. Viimeinen varsinainen käsittelyluku koskee vaihtosähkölatausaseman rakennetta eli sen sisältämiä suojalaitteita, ohjainlaitetta ja sen toimintoja sekä kontaktoria ja pistorasiaa. Latausasemien rakenteelle ja suojatoiminnoille on asetettu tiukat vaatimukset Suomessa. Mahdollisuus sähköiskuun ja tulipaloon on minimoitu hyvin pieneksi ja latausaseman on tarkkailtava suojamaadoitusta jatkuvasti. Suko-pistorasiasta ladattaessa virta on rajoitettu riittävän pieneksi pistorasian kestävyyden takaamiseksi. Latausasemaa valmistettaessa ja asennettaessa on otettava huomioon muun muassa sähköverkon kunto ja kuormitus, Suomen vaihtelevat sääolosuhteet ja mahdollinen ilkivalta. Insinöörityön lopputuloksena syntyi kattava kirjallisuuskatsaus vaihtosähkölatauksen vaatimuksista ja latausaseman rakenteesta. Työstä saa hyvän kuvan siitä, mitä vaatimuksia latausasemalle on Suomessa asetettu, mitä asioita on otettava huomioon sellaista asennettaessa ja mistä eri osista se rakentuu. Työ soveltuu opetusmateriaaliksi sähköajoneuvotekniikan opettajille ja opiskelijoille. Myös esimerkiksi itserakentelijat ja sähköurakoitsijat voivat hyödyntää työtä lähdemateriaalina.

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    Theseus
    Other ORP type . 2017
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      Theseus
      Other ORP type . 2017
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    Authors: Laes, Christian; Sacré, Dirk;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The University of Ma...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Mannerström, Rasmus; Helsper, Ellen J.; Schneider, Luc S.; van Deursen, Alexander J.A.M.; +1 Authors

    The youth Digital Skills Indicator was developed as part of the ‘Youth Skills (ySKILLS)’ project and added to the ‘From Digital Skills to Tangible Outcomes’ digital skills measurement toolkit. Please read the accompanying document on the underlying rationale for these scales and on how to create and use composite scales in the following document: Helsper, E.J., Schneider, L., van Deursen, A.J.A.M., van Laar, E. (2021). The youth Digital Skills Indicator: Report on the conceptualisation and development of the ySKILLS digital skills measure. KU Leuven, Leuven: ySKILLS. Available at: https://yskills.eu.

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    ZENODO
    Other ORP type . 2021
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    ZENODO
    Other ORP type . 2021
    License: CC BY
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      ZENODO
      Other ORP type . 2021
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      ZENODO
      Other ORP type . 2021
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    Authors: Jokitalo, Leevi;

    Tällä opinnäytetyöllä on kolme päätarkoitusta. Ensimmäisenä perehdytään tuleviin lähes nollaenergiarakentamisen vaatimuksiin pientalossa. Toiseksi työssä perehdytään nollaenergiarakentamiseen sähköistyksen kannalta sekä otetaan huomioon liittymäpinnat rakenne- ja LVI-suunnitteluun. Kolmantena työ sisältää omakotitalon energiatehokkuuslaskelmia ja tietoa erilaisten ratkaisujen vaikutuksesta E-lukuun ja ostoenergiaan. Työssä on myös näkökulmia sähköasennusten huomioonottamisesta nZEB-suunnittelussa. Työssä ei oteta huomioon kustannusoptimaalista näkökulmaa, perehdytään ainoastaan teknisiin ratkaisuihin. Nykyään rakennusten energiatehokkuuteen kiinnitetään yhä enemmän huomiota. Se kiinnostaa jo luonnostaan, kun huomataan sen säästömahdollisuuksia. Lisäksi paineet energiatehokkuuden lisäämiseen kasvavat entisestään, kun tiukemmat direktiivit astuvat voimaan. Näiden seurauksena rakennukseen kokonaisuutena ja sen eri osien keskinäiseen toimivuuteen on alettu kiinnittää tarkempaa huomiota. Riittävä ammattitaito työmaalla ja suunnittelussa, järjestelmien kannattavuuden vertailut ja muut asiat ovat pinnalla, jotta päästään haluttuun lopputulokseen. Työssä suunnittelun pohjana käytettiin tämän hetken energiatehokkuusvaatimukset täyttävää omakotitaloa ja pohdittiin, miten kyseisen rakennuksen energiatehokkuutta voidaan parantaa asuinolot huomioon ottaen. Rakennuksen ulkovaipan U-arvot on pidetty RakMk D3 (2012) -tasauslaskelman tasolla, koska työssä ei ole tuloksia seinärakenteen kosteus-käyttäytymisestä. Energiatehokkuusratkaisujen tulokset laskelmien mukaan näyttävät sen, että tarvittava tekniikka on jo olemassa, mikäli nZEB-tasona pidetään Ympäristöministeriön luonnosasetusta energiatodistuksesta (2012). Sähkölämmitys lukuun ottamatta kohteet täyttivät luonnoksen mukaiset vaatimukset ilman myytyä energiaa. nZEB-luonnoksia ei vielä siis kuitenkaan ole. Mahdollisuutena on esimerkiksi parantaa ulkovaipan U-arvoa tai lisätä uusiutuvan omavaraisenergian tuotantoa. Energiamuotojen kertoimet ja laskentatavat E-luvun laskennassa voivat vaikuttaa merkittävästi lopputuloksiin. Lisäksi laaja näkökulma uusiutuvan omavaraisenergian tuotantoon voi vaikuttaa merkittävästi tuotannon kannattavuuteen ja laajemmin hyödyntämättömien tuotantomahdollisuuksien toteuttamiseen. This thesis has three main aims. The first focuses on near-zero-energy building standards in a small house. This will come into effect in the near future. The second focuses on zero-energy building electrification point of view. In addition, the interfaces are taken into account the structural and HVAC design. Thirdly, the work contains a detached house with energy efficiency calculations and different effects of solutions on the E-number. In the work also have points of view to pay attention to the electrical installations in the design. Today, energy efficiency in buildings takes more attention. It is interesting naturally. It has the potential to save. In addition, it is forced to directives. The research work indicate that the wholeness is emphasized when regarding energy efficiency in building engineering in all sectors. The basis for the design used in today's meeting the requirements of single-family houses. Energy efficiency is taken into account as the structure of their own requirements. More stringent regulations are forcing all of the partners. It requires skills, as well as the design of the site. In addition, the cost comparison between the different solutions is significant. The necessary technology is already there, if nZEB-level is the Ministry of Environment draft on Energy (2012). Sold energy is required, except for electric heating of houses. There is still a chance to improve the U-value or increasing self-sufficiency in energy production. Different forms of energy and the index calculation methods is a significant impact on the results. In addition a broad perspective of self-sufficient in renewable energy production can significantly affect the profitability of production and by extension untapped production potential execution.

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    Authors: Laes, Christian;
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    Authors: Liukko, Jyri;

    Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli muokata nykyisen maa- ja vesirakennusalan työturvallisuusmittarin (MVR) sisältöä ja ohjeistusta siten, että yksittäiselle havainnolle muodostuu painoarvo sen vakavuuden mukaan. Lähtötietona toimi Infra ry:n toimesta vuonna 2010 uudistettu kolmas painos 1990-luvun lopulla kehitetystä MVR-mittarista. Työn tekohetkellä käytössä ollut MVR-mittari ei havainnossaan ottanut huomioon sitä, kuinka vakavasta puutteesta on kyse. Painoarvon puuttuminen voi heijastua työmaan mittaustuloksiin negatiivisena, eikä täten kuvaisi työturvallisuuden tasoa tai kehittymistä realistisesti. Työ aloitettiin keräämällä työturvallisuushavaintoja ja tekemällä MVR-mittauksia pääosin Länsimetron louhintatyömaalla Espoon Niittykummussa, jossa YIT Rakennus Oy toimi pääurakoitsijana ajotunnelin, aseman ja ratatunneleiden sekä niihin liittyvien kuilujen louhinnoissa. Havainnot ja mittaukset dokumentoitiin tilaajan ohjeistusten mukaisesti ja tavoitetasona MVR-tuloksissa oli 95 %. Lisäksi käytiin, yhdessä yksikön työsuojeluvaltuutetun kanssa, suorittamassa MVR-kalibrointimittaus Länsimetron rakennustyömaalla Espoon Otaniemessä, jossa YIT Rakennus Oy toimi pääurakoitsijana metroaseman rakennusteknisissä töissä. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a model for setting a weight for a finding and thus modify the current safety performance measurement system (MVR—meter). The current system does not include the ability for one to rate a finding by its severity and thereby could cause distortion to the overall result. The revised third edition of the MVR-meter acted as basic data in this thesis. First, a meeting was scheduled with the instructor to compare different models of setting a weight for the findings and to discuss how the individual ways could affect the overall result and the safety level of the worksite itself. As a result, one of the models was chosen for development and to be used for simulation purposes, alongside with the current model. The final result of the study is a safety measurement model which has three weight levels for the finding, depending of the severity and the level of risk caused. The new model can be applied nationally and could replace the current one as soon as it is widely accepted.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kuvaja, Pekka;

    Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli selvittää ja tutkia Kuopion Energia Liikelaitoksen PLAN-tekniikalla toteutettua etäluentajärjestelmää häiritseviä tekijöitä. Lisäksi työssä oli tarkoitus selvittää, kuinka esiintyviä häiriöitä voidaan kompensoida ja kuinka etäluennan toimintavarmuutta voidaan parantaa. PLAN-tekniikka perustuu sähköverkossa tapahtuvaan tiedonsiirtoon ja verkossa liikkuvan datan modulointiin, eli PLC-tekniikkaan. PLAN-tekniikka on suhteellisen uusi ja tuntematon tekniikka, joten häiritsevien tekijöiden selvitys on tärkeää. Tutkimustyö aloitettiin selvittämällä sähköverkossa esiintyviä PLAN-tekniikkaa häiritseviä, sekä PLAN-signaalia vaimentavia tekijöitä Kuopiossa kesän 2013 aikana. Työhön kuului myös löydettyjen häiriöiden kompensoiminen, sekä vaimennustapauksissa PLAN-signaalin tasojen parantaminen. Sähköverkossa suoritettiin kesän aikana paljon mittauksia ja häiriö- ja vaimennustapaukset kirjattiin ylös. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena saatiin kattavasti tietoa erilaisista PLAN-tekniikkaa häiritsevista tekijöistä ja häiriöiden kompensoinnista. Lisäksi saatiin kattavasti tietoa PLAN-tekniikalle haasteellisita verkkoympäristöistä signaalia vai-mentavien tekijöiden osalta. Lisäksi työn kirjallinen osuus toimii jatkossa oppaana PLAN-tekniikkaa häiritsevien ja vaimentavien tekijöiden ja niiden kompensoinnin osalta. The purpose of this thesis was to research what things are disturbing PLAN technology based electrical remote reading of Kuopion Energia Commercial Enterprice as well as to research how to compensate discovered interferences and how to improve the reliability of electrical remote reading. PLAN technology is based on PLC technology. In other words, PLC technology means data transmission in electric network and modulation of transmitted data. PLAN technology is quite new and unknown, so researching disturbing things is important. The thesis began by researching what kind of things are disturbing PLAN technology and what kind of things were weakening PLAN signals in Kuopio during the summer of 2013. The thesis also included compensating the discovered interferences and improving PLAN signal quality. A lot of measurements were carried out in the electric network during the summer and all interferences and signal weakening cases were written down. The outcome of this thesis was a lot of information about different kinds of things that disturb PLAN technology and solutions how to compensate the discovered interferences. The thesis also produced a lot of information about what kind of networks are challenging for PLAN technology. This thesis report can also be a guidebook for PLAN technology interferences in the future.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Räisänen, Pauli;

    This Bachelor's Thesis was carried out for Kemin Energia Oy. Purpose of this thesis was to create updated operation reports and add new control and status information to control panel from Takajärvi's district heating plant renovation for company use. The theory of this thesis consists of information about Kemin Energia Oy and information about district heating from history to general operation. The theory also includes information about Siemens SIMATIC STEP 7 and WinCC programs and information about new instrumentation. In the making of thesis, logic programs, operation reports and other documents related to the description of the process that all were acquired from Kemin Energia Oy were used. In designing of the operation reports, logic programs and other documents related to heating plant were used. Control and status information were added to the existing user interface on the control panel. Results of this thesis were new operation reports for instrumentation and an updated user interface for local control panel. During thesis, learning possibilities about district heating operations were great. Opinnäytetyön toimeksiantajana toimi Kemin Energia Oy. Työssä oli tavoitteena luoda yrityksen käyttöön Takajärven kaukolämpökeskuksen uudistuksien toimintaselostuksia sekä tuoda uudet ohjaus- ja tilatiedot paikallisohjauspaneelille. Opinnäytetyön teoriaosuudessa tarkastellaan Kemin Energia Oy:n toimintaa sekä kaukolämpöä sen eri osa-alueilta historiasta yleiseen toimintaan. Lisäksi perehdytään Siemensin SIMATIC STEP 7 ja WinCC -ohjelmiin sekä uusiin toimilaitteisiin. Opinnäytetyön tekemisessä käytettiin Kemin Energia Oy:ltä saatuja logiikkaohjelmia, toimintaselostuksia sekä muita prosessin kuvaukseen liittyviä dokumentteja. Toimintaselostuksien tekemisessä käytettiin kaukolämpökeskuksen logiikkaohjelmia sekä muita laitokseen liittyviä dokumentteja. Paikallisohjauspaneelille lisätyt ohjaus- ja tilatiedot lisättiin valmiiseen käyttöliittymään. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena saatiin uusien toimilaitteiden toimintaselostukset ja päivitetty käyttöliittymä paikallisohjauspaneelille. Työn aikana pääsi myös tutustumaan kaukolämpötoimintaan.

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    Authors: Stenhammar, Rino;

    The aim of this Bachelor’s thesis was to examine the regulations and the standards that apply to electric vehicle charging and to examine the components and the modules of the EV charging station for Metropolia UAS. The standards discussed in this thesis are official Finnish SFS standards and part of the regulations and recommendations are claims given by SESKO. The components and the structure of the charging station are examined from the standards’ aspect and from the wiring diagrams of a few charging stations’ aspect. The general EV charging issues as the plugs and the maximum currents of them, the charging modes, fast charging and its technical information are reviewed at the beginning of this thesis. The next part of the thesis deals with the requirements applying to EV charging from a household socket and the requirements applying to electric vehicle a.c. charging station. The standardization process and the new requirements of revised standards applying to charging stations and their installations are also reviewed in the same chapter. In the last main paragraph the components of the electric vehicle a.c. charging station such as electrical protection devices, the charging control unit and its functions, the contactor and the socket are examined. The requirements that apply to EV charging station and its protective functions are very strict in Finland. The risk of electric shock and fire has been minimized and the charging station must observe protective earthing constantly. The charging current is limited low enough to maintain the socket durability when charged from a regular household socket. It is also required to consider the condition and load of the electrical grid, Finnish alternating weather conditions and possible vandalism when manufacturing and installing an EV charging station. As a result of this thesis a comprehensive survey of electric vehicle a.c. charging and the components of charging station was carried out. The thesis gives a good review of the requirements of charging in Finland, the issues that must be considered when installing a station and the components of a station. The thesis is suitable as teaching and learning material for EV engineering students and lecturers. Electrical contractors and do-it-yourself people may find this thesis useful source material as well. Tämän insinöörityön tavoitteena oli selvittää sähköajoneuvon lataukseen liittyviä standardeja ja vaatimuksia sekä latausaseman rakennetta Metropolia Ammattikorkeakoululle. Standardit joita työssä käsitellään, ovat Suomessa virallisiksi hyväksyttyjä SFS-standardeja ja osa vaatimuksista ja suosituksista on muita SESKOn antamia sähköajoneuvon lataukseen liittyviä seikkoja. Latausaseman rakennetta käsitellään standardien ja muutaman aseman kytkentäkaavion pohjalta. Työn alussa käydään läpi yleiset sähköajoneuvon lataukseen liittyvät seikat kuten esimerkiksi erilaiset latausliittimet ja niiden sallimat huippuvirrat, lataustavat ja pikalataukseen liittyvät tekniset tiedot. Seuraavana selvitetään itse työn aihetta, jotka koskevat sähköajoneuvon latausta kotitalouspistorasiasta ja vaihtosähkölatausasemaa. Samassa kuvataan myös standardisoimisprosessi sekä työn kirjoitushetkellä voimaan tulleita ja tulevia uudistuksia latausasemiin ja niiden asennuksiin liittyvissä standardeissa. Viimeinen varsinainen käsittelyluku koskee vaihtosähkölatausaseman rakennetta eli sen sisältämiä suojalaitteita, ohjainlaitetta ja sen toimintoja sekä kontaktoria ja pistorasiaa. Latausasemien rakenteelle ja suojatoiminnoille on asetettu tiukat vaatimukset Suomessa. Mahdollisuus sähköiskuun ja tulipaloon on minimoitu hyvin pieneksi ja latausaseman on tarkkailtava suojamaadoitusta jatkuvasti. Suko-pistorasiasta ladattaessa virta on rajoitettu riittävän pieneksi pistorasian kestävyyden takaamiseksi. Latausasemaa valmistettaessa ja asennettaessa on otettava huomioon muun muassa sähköverkon kunto ja kuormitus, Suomen vaihtelevat sääolosuhteet ja mahdollinen ilkivalta. Insinöörityön lopputuloksena syntyi kattava kirjallisuuskatsaus vaihtosähkölatauksen vaatimuksista ja latausaseman rakenteesta. Työstä saa hyvän kuvan siitä, mitä vaatimuksia latausasemalle on Suomessa asetettu, mitä asioita on otettava huomioon sellaista asennettaessa ja mistä eri osista se rakentuu. Työ soveltuu opetusmateriaaliksi sähköajoneuvotekniikan opettajille ja opiskelijoille. Myös esimerkiksi itserakentelijat ja sähköurakoitsijat voivat hyödyntää työtä lähdemateriaalina.

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    Theseus
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    Authors: Laes, Christian; Sacré, Dirk;
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    Authors: Mannerström, Rasmus; Helsper, Ellen J.; Schneider, Luc S.; van Deursen, Alexander J.A.M.; +1 Authors

    The youth Digital Skills Indicator was developed as part of the ‘Youth Skills (ySKILLS)’ project and added to the ‘From Digital Skills to Tangible Outcomes’ digital skills measurement toolkit. Please read the accompanying document on the underlying rationale for these scales and on how to create and use composite scales in the following document: Helsper, E.J., Schneider, L., van Deursen, A.J.A.M., van Laar, E. (2021). The youth Digital Skills Indicator: Report on the conceptualisation and development of the ySKILLS digital skills measure. KU Leuven, Leuven: ySKILLS. Available at: https://yskills.eu.

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    ZENODO
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    Authors: Jokitalo, Leevi;

    Tällä opinnäytetyöllä on kolme päätarkoitusta. Ensimmäisenä perehdytään tuleviin lähes nollaenergiarakentamisen vaatimuksiin pientalossa. Toiseksi työssä perehdytään nollaenergiarakentamiseen sähköistyksen kannalta sekä otetaan huomioon liittymäpinnat rakenne- ja LVI-suunnitteluun. Kolmantena työ sisältää omakotitalon energiatehokkuuslaskelmia ja tietoa erilaisten ratkaisujen vaikutuksesta E-lukuun ja ostoenergiaan. Työssä on myös näkökulmia sähköasennusten huomioonottamisesta nZEB-suunnittelussa. Työssä ei oteta huomioon kustannusoptimaalista näkökulmaa, perehdytään ainoastaan teknisiin ratkaisuihin. Nykyään rakennusten energiatehokkuuteen kiinnitetään yhä enemmän huomiota. Se kiinnostaa jo luonnostaan, kun huomataan sen säästömahdollisuuksia. Lisäksi paineet energiatehokkuuden lisäämiseen kasvavat entisestään, kun tiukemmat direktiivit astuvat voimaan. Näiden seurauksena rakennukseen kokonaisuutena ja sen eri osien keskinäiseen toimivuuteen on alettu kiinnittää tarkempaa huomiota. Riittävä ammattitaito työmaalla ja suunnittelussa, järjestelmien kannattavuuden vertailut ja muut asiat ovat pinnalla, jotta päästään haluttuun lopputulokseen. Työssä suunnittelun pohjana käytettiin tämän hetken energiatehokkuusvaatimukset täyttävää omakotitaloa ja pohdittiin, miten kyseisen rakennuksen energiatehokkuutta voidaan parantaa asuinolot huomioon ottaen. Rakennuksen ulkovaipan U-arvot on pidetty RakMk D3 (2012) -tasauslaskelman tasolla, koska työssä ei ole tuloksia seinärakenteen kosteus-käyttäytymisestä. Energiatehokkuusratkaisujen tulokset laskelmien mukaan näyttävät sen, että tarvittava tekniikka on jo olemassa, mikäli nZEB-tasona pidetään Ympäristöministeriön luonnosasetusta energiatodistuksesta (2012). Sähkölämmitys lukuun ottamatta kohteet täyttivät luonnoksen mukaiset vaatimukset ilman myytyä energiaa. nZEB-luonnoksia ei vielä siis kuitenkaan ole. Mahdollisuutena on esimerkiksi parantaa ulkovaipan U-arvoa tai lisätä uusiutuvan omavaraisenergian tuotantoa. Energiamuotojen kertoimet ja laskentatavat E-luvun laskennassa voivat vaikuttaa merkittävästi lopputuloksiin. Lisäksi laaja näkökulma uusiutuvan omavaraisenergian tuotantoon voi vaikuttaa merkittävästi tuotannon kannattavuuteen ja laajemmin hyödyntämättömien tuotantomahdollisuuksien toteuttamiseen. This thesis has three main aims. The first focuses on near-zero-energy building standards in a small house. This will come into effect in the near future. The second focuses on zero-energy building electrification point of view. In addition, the interfaces are taken into account the structural and HVAC design. Thirdly, the work contains a detached house with energy efficiency calculations and different effects of solutions on the E-number. In the work also have points of view to pay attention to the electrical installations in the design. Today, energy efficiency in buildings takes more attention. It is interesting naturally. It has the potential to save. In addition, it is forced to directives. The research work indicate that the wholeness is emphasized when regarding energy efficiency in building engineering in all sectors. The basis for the design used in today's meeting the requirements of single-family houses. Energy efficiency is taken into account as the structure of their own requirements. More stringent regulations are forcing all of the partners. It requires skills, as well as the design of the site. In addition, the cost comparison between the different solutions is significant. The necessary technology is already there, if nZEB-level is the Ministry of Environment draft on Energy (2012). Sold energy is required, except for electric heating of houses. There is still a chance to improve the U-value or increasing self-sufficiency in energy production. Different forms of energy and the index calculation methods is a significant impact on the results. In addition a broad perspective of self-sufficient in renewable energy production can significantly affect the profitability of production and by extension untapped production potential execution.

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    Authors: Laes, Christian;
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    Authors: Liukko, Jyri;

    Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli muokata nykyisen maa- ja vesirakennusalan työturvallisuusmittarin (MVR) sisältöä ja ohjeistusta siten, että yksittäiselle havainnolle muodostuu painoarvo sen vakavuuden mukaan. Lähtötietona toimi Infra ry:n toimesta vuonna 2010 uudistettu kolmas painos 1990-luvun lopulla kehitetystä MVR-mittarista. Työn tekohetkellä käytössä ollut MVR-mittari ei havainnossaan ottanut huomioon sitä, kuinka vakavasta puutteesta on kyse. Painoarvon puuttuminen voi heijastua työmaan mittaustuloksiin negatiivisena, eikä täten kuvaisi työturvallisuuden tasoa tai kehittymistä realistisesti. Työ aloitettiin keräämällä työturvallisuushavaintoja ja tekemällä MVR-mittauksia pääosin Länsimetron louhintatyömaalla Espoon Niittykummussa, jossa YIT Rakennus Oy toimi pääurakoitsijana ajotunnelin, aseman ja ratatunneleiden sekä niihin liittyvien kuilujen louhinnoissa. Havainnot ja mittaukset dokumentoitiin tilaajan ohjeistusten mukaisesti ja tavoitetasona MVR-tuloksissa oli 95 %. Lisäksi käytiin, yhdessä yksikön työsuojeluvaltuutetun kanssa, suorittamassa MVR-kalibrointimittaus Länsimetron rakennustyömaalla Espoon Otaniemessä, jossa YIT Rakennus Oy toimi pääurakoitsijana metroaseman rakennusteknisissä töissä. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a model for setting a weight for a finding and thus modify the current safety performance measurement system (MVR—meter). The current system does not include the ability for one to rate a finding by its severity and thereby could cause distortion to the overall result. The revised third edition of the MVR-meter acted as basic data in this thesis. First, a meeting was scheduled with the instructor to compare different models of setting a weight for the findings and to discuss how the individual ways could affect the overall result and the safety level of the worksite itself. As a result, one of the models was chosen for development and to be used for simulation purposes, alongside with the current model. The final result of the study is a safety measurement model which has three weight levels for the finding, depending of the severity and the level of risk caused. The new model can be applied nationally and could replace the current one as soon as it is widely accepted.

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    Theseus
    Other ORP type . 2014
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theseusarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Theseus
      Other ORP type . 2014
      Data sources: Theseus
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.