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Documentació arqueològica de la prospecció efectuada a la Roca Plana (Tarragona) entre els dies 7 i 16 d’abril de 2017. Inclou fotografies, planimetries I informes. Aquesta infraestructura romana és un moll fet a partir del retoc d'una plataforma rocosa natural que va fer les funcions de moll per a la càrrega de la pedra extreta al Mèdol. Els resultats obtinguts demostren que es tracta el primer moll pròpiament industrial d’època romana detectat a Catalunya i un dels pocs de l’Occident mediterrani, de gran importància per l’arqueologia. Documentation of the archaeological prospection carried out in La Roca Plana (Tarragona) between 7th and 16th April 2017. Includes photos, planimetries and reports. This Roman infrastructure is a pier made from the retouching of a natural rock platform that served as a dock to load the stone extracted stone into the Mèdol. The results obtained show that it is the first industrial pier from the Roman period detected in Catalonia and one of the few in the Western Mediterranean.

In conformity with its objective of functioning as a local Government, Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC) sought the assistance of the World Bank for the preparation of a City Development Strategy (CDS) for Kathmandu. The various sectoral as well as integrated strategies presented in this document seem to be an overwhelming demand on KMC with its limited manpower and money. However, a CDS is essential if KMC is to focus its development potential. The optimism lies in political leadership, enabling environment and necessary support that will be rendered to KMC from civil society. The vision for Kathmandu stresses the need to develop the valley as administrative, cultural and tourism center. The strategy to move towards that vision through improvement in the overall situation of the KMC, however, is likely to be a long drawn struggle, yet achievable. The urban planning study strongly recommends that Kathmandu should be accorded special status as a capital city and large polluting and manufacturing industries should be discouraged immediately and if possible, re-location plans be drawn for existing industries in the near future. Alternatively, service and light industries should be promoted to replace the economic opportunities. Urban areas in KMC are not designated by a functional and occupational structure or contiguity criteria for managing housing and squatter settlements. Housing problems are a serious challenge in a situation where a historically planned city is fast transforming itself into a trade-cum-service center. On the other hand, it is encouraging to note that despite the absence of city specific policies and programs for housing, slums and squatters, the communities are highly organized and are gradually improving their conditions at their own costs, which show their potential for mobilization in participatory home improvement programs.

La réalisation des excavations profondes dans les zones urbaines suppose l'utilisation des structures de soutènement afin de protéger les constructions existantes avoisinantes. Même si ces structures sont souvent utilisées en génie civil, le calcul et le dimensionnement ne sont pas simples, les interactions entre le sol, la paroi et les structures avoisinantes étant importantes et leur prise en compte difficile. Différentes méthodes et modèles de calcul sont disponibles aujourd'hui pour les ingénieurs, en partant des plus classiques (équilibre limite), jusqu'aux plus avancées, comme, par exemple, la méthode des éléments finis. Le papier présente une comparaison entre les résultats obtenus par un calcul classique à l'équilibre limite et ceux obtenus par une modélisation numérique 2D par éléments finis d'une paroi de soutènement simplement butonée. Différents paramètres d'interaction sont pris en compte : position et rigidité du bouton, la rigidité relative sol-paroi. Egalement, une modèlisation 3D est réalisée. Deep excavations in urban areas suppose to use retaining allowing the protection of the nearby existing buildings. Even these structures are commonly used in civil engineering, their calculation and design are not simple, the interaction phenomena occurring between the soil wall and nearby structures being important and difficult to take into account. Various models and calculation methods are available today for engineers ranging from the simplest, classical ones (limit equilibrium methods) to the most advanced, as the FEM method. The papers aims to compare the results obtained using a classical calculation with limit equilibrium method and those obtained from a 2D numerical modelling using FEM for an embedded retaining wall supported by struts. Various interaction parameters are taken into account as for example the strut position, its stiffness or the soil-wall relative stiffness. Also, a 3D numerical modelling is realised.

Malawi sits amid a vibrant Travel and Tourism (T&T) region that is growing rapidly and increasing its world market share. Proximate to countries with thriving T&T sectors, Malawi has a relatively underdeveloped diversity of natural, cultural, and man-made attractions. It is challenged to embrace effective policies that will enable public and private sector alignment to achieve a viable niche as an economically productive, multi experience destination in its own right. It is important to view tourism as a national priority across sectors and ministries in Malawi. Thus, there is the need to better understand the economic potential of Malawi's T&T sector and recommend strategies to promote a level of competitiveness that leads to further economic growth, employment generation, and poverty reduction. The goal is to identify the economic potential of T&T in Malawi. The objective of T&T in Malawi is to delivering economic growth and diversification is to analyze the value of T&T in Malawi.

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This document has been produced by the World Bank to support the Government of Guatemala as it improves its transport and logistics sector management in pursuit of enhanced country competitiveness. It identifies and defines elements of a National Transport and Logistics Strategy (NTLS) through the development of a methodology which analyzes bottlenecks and related costs along the main logistics corridors. It does so with a view to (a) mobilizing support in the trading community (essentially private sector) for logistic service improvements, (b) identifying the need for broader public-sector reforms in transport which indirectly impact logistics performance, and (c) helping the Government to set sector priorities and hence to prioritize public investment. At the same time, it points out where improved data and monitoring of performance are needed in order to better quantify economic costs, diagnose key logistics issues, and track improved performance. It thereby proposes, as part of the set of recommended activities, to build the Government of Guatemala s capacity to measure performance and take action. While the document is based on sound analysis of some aspects of the country s logistics system, it must be considered primarily a starting point which is subject to broad country dissemination and debate by public and private stakeholders.

The thermal conductivity of host rocks is an important parameter in the design of deep geological disposal of heat-emitting radioactive waste. Due to bedding, heat transfer in sedimentary rocks is affected by their transversally isotropic structure. In this work, an experimental program is run to measure the thermal conductivities of Boom Clay along various orientations with respect to the bedding plane by using the needle thermal probe technique. Measurements were performed on specimens obtained from cores drilled from the HADES Underground Research Laboratory (URL) at Mol, Belgium, at a depth of 223 m. The thermal conductivity values obtained are in good agreement with those previously published, confirming the thermal anisotropy of Boom Clay. Moreover, the observed changes in thermal conductivity with respect to the distance to the gallery provide further evidence on the extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone around the gallery.

Les matériaux granulaires traités avec un liant hydraulique présentent un intérêt certain en comblement de tranchées, et notamment pour éviter les problèmes de post-compactage. Dans un grand nombre de cas, ces matériaux doivent toutefois rester faciles à excaver à la pioche, pour que les gestionnaires puissent intervenir sur leurs réseaux, rapidement et en toute sécurité. Ce guide décrit comment quantifier et mesurer cette excavabilité à la pioche. Il montre que le critère de résistance à la compression traditionnellement utilisé n'est pas adapté et propose un essai de poinçonnement bien plus pertinent. Issu du travail de deux thèses, ce guide devrait permettre de faciliter le dialogue entre prescripteurs et fournisseurs de matériaux traités au liant hydraulique pour tranchées excavables, sur la base d'une approche performantielle validée. Granular materials treated with hydraulic binder are convenient to fill trenches, and especially to avoid the post-compaction issues. In many cases however, these materials must remain easy to excavate manually with a pick, so that owners can maintain their underneath networks, quickly and safely. This guide describes how to measure and quantify this excavatability with a pick. It shows that the criterion of compressive strength traditionally used is not suitable, and propose a punching test which is much more relevant. Result of two Phd thesis, this guide should facilitate the dialogue between prescribers and materials suppliers of excavatable materials treated with hydraulic binder for trenches, on the basis of a validated performance-based approach.

Le Tunnel de base du Montcenis est l'ouvrage principal de la nouvelle liaison ferroviaire Lyon-Turin. Sa construction constitue l'un des grands projets du 21ème siècle. Il s'inscrit dans les corridors ferroviaires européens de transport favorisant la circulation des marchandises et des passagers grâce à un moyen de transport écologique: le train. Cette liaison transalpine permettra ainsi d'acheminer 40 millions de tonnes de marchandises et 5 millions de voyageurs par an. La gestion économe et durable des ressources naturelles est un des enjeux de ce projet. Ainsi, le creusement du Tunnel de base génèrera plus de 37 millions de tonnes de matériaux excavés, dont 28% sont destinés à être utilisés en granulats à béton. L'utilisation des ressources locales vise notamment à diminuer l'impact environnemental en limitant l'extraction et le transport de granulats issus des carrières. Par ailleurs, il s'agit de limiter au mieux la mise en dépôts des matériaux excavés. Les sondages géologiques et les creusements des galeries de reconnaissance ont mis en évidence la présence d'anhydrites, appelées également sulfates de calcium anhydres sur certains secteurs du projet. De manière générale, les sulfates sont à proscrire dans le béton, car ils peuvent être à l'origine de désordres dans les structures en béton par la formation d'espèces minérales expansives. Afin de s'affranchir de ce risque, la teneur en sulfates dans les granulats à béton est limitée par les normes à un seuil très faible. Il convient donc de s'assurer, par une étude préalable, qu'un béton contenant ces granulats remplit bien les conditions requises et présente une bonne durabilité dans les conditions de fonctionnement du tunnel.