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The time is ripe for taking a step back and considering what sort of science degrowth aspires to be. Doing so requires an engagement with the philosophy of science. In this piece, Iana Nesterova and Hubert Buch-Hansen argue that degrowth scholarship can benefit greatly from being brought together with the philosophy of science perspective known as critical realism. Published: 2021-11-24

Malmberg, J. 1997: Anställningsavtalet. Om anställningsförhållandets individuella reglering. The Employment Contract. Individual regulation of the employment relationship. Iustus Förlag 413 pp. Uppsala 1997. ISBN 91-7678-347-2 In this thesis, the author examines the extent to which the Swedish Labour Court accords significance to individual employment contracts, and other factors personal to the employer and employee, in determining the content of the employment relationship (i.e. the rights and duties of the parties). The first task is to establish the limits of the parties’ freedom of contract. Rules provided for by statute, collective agreement and case law may be either mandatory or default rules. A default rule governs the parties’ relationships unless they, explicitly or implicitly, contract out of it. The question here is how to determine whether a particular rule is mandatory or a default rule. Even mandatory rules, however, can leave a certain amount of space for individual contracts. Normally, a mandatory rule is only aimed at contractual clauses which involve disadvantages for one party. In addition, the mandatory character of the rule usually ceases at a certain point of time, e.g. when the right which the rule grants one of the parties has come into being. When the default character of a rule has been confirmed, the next question is under which circumstances the parties to an individual employment contract can be assumed to have exercised their right to diverge from that which is set out in the rule. These are the central legal questions in the thesis. The main place to look for answers to these questions is in the case law of the Labour Court. This collected case law is examined with three different purposes in mind. The primary purpose is to analyse the content of the law as it is today (the lex lata). A second purpose is to compare the solutions reached in the case law of the Labour Court in this area to those reached in other areas of the law of contracts. Finally, an attempt is made to shed light on the underlying goals of the case law of the Labour Court, in other words, the values which this case law seeks to protect. Jonas Malmberg, Juridiska institutionen, Uppsala Universitet Box 512, S-751 20 Uppsala Parallelltitel: [The employment contract] : [individual regulation of the employment relationship]; Anmärkning: Diss. Uppsala : Univ. Med sammanfattning på engelska

Foreword In the last ten years (that I have been doing research and teaching at Mälardalen University) I have studied how information technology has become increasingly important in companies’ activities – in their daily business as well as in its implications for firms in general. What occurs to me is that, when the issue becomes a topic of academic research, information technology is studied from different perspectives in different areas of research – sometimes it is treated as a topic in itself, and sometimes as part of a business strategy or marketing activity. I have often asked myself when information technology will become regarded as an aspect of the business administration taught at universities. To some extent I think it already is, although it is not yet formally considered to be an aspect of business administration. As a lecturer, I have focused mainly on international business. In many of the seminars that I have lead, the issue of information technology has been discussed as something that the students believe will change the way that multinational enterprises can and do coordinate and control their organisations and acquire the information they need concerning their markets. (The use of information technology states that that is the case). The issue of how and to what end multinational enterprises use information technology has often been raised, but it seems that the literature comes up short in providing a holistic view of this matter. There are many studies on different aspects, and some of them present empirical data, but it seems there is a lack of major contemporary studies showing general results on the phenomenon of information technology in multinational enterprises. This is no surprise, since a study of this kind would cost a great deal of resources in terms of time as well as professors and doctoral candidates. This book is a work that partly fills the gap in the literature. It discusses and assembles literature on information technology as a feature of the multinational enterprise, but to some extent it also theorises on the role of IT in multinational enterprises. The students behind this work have carried out extensive literature reviews in many of the fields that encompass information technology in business in general and in large international companies in particular. They have arranged the literature and present it in a way they think is suitable in order to provide an overall picture of information technology in multinational enterprises. The study of the literature has thrown up questions, which have been asked of representatives of multinational companies and so “cases” are presented, i.e.Iexamples demonstrating the use of information technology. As a whole, this book fulfils its aim, which is to present the use of information technology in multinational companies in theory and in practice and to show that information technology as used by companies is a part of business administration as we know it. Of course there are questions that remain unanswered. Some of them are stated as topics for further research at the end of this work. I feel content to use this book as a textbook on undergraduate courses dealing with the management of multinational enterprises, since the use of information technology is an important part of these. I feel proud that it is my students who (may I add, without much help from my part) have produced this work. Cecilia Lindh, supervisor

Undergraduate and master’s students are increasingly conducting their own original human subjects research on topics related to political violence and human rights—often, but not always, in the field. This work typically involves the direct collection of data from vulnerable populations, in unstable contexts and about sensitive topics. However, despite the rich literature about research ethics, the ethics of advising, enabling and encouraging this type of student research on political violence has been largely overlooked. This article aims to (1) raise awareness about the proliferation of undergraduate and master’s students engaging in human subjects research on topics related to political violence and human rights; (2) discuss the risks inherent in this enterprise that are distinct from those that most faculty and doctoral students face, including little or no training in necessary methods or research ethics, few (if any) formal mechanisms of ethical oversight, short time horizons, clustering in over-researched areas, and the unlikely prospect of publication or dissemination of research results; (3) provide concrete suggestions about how to mitigate some of those risks, including a shift away from fieldwork-based research projects. We ultimately argue that it is educators’ and academic institutions’ responsibility to require that students engage in ethical practices, including discouraging some types of research.

QC 20170906

The mind-body problem is one of the most enigmatic issues in philosophy that has yet to be resolved. Professor Jan Scheffel from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden analyses the mind–body problem from a physicalist perspective. He finds that consciousness is epistemologically emergent and shows that this result overlaps with the problem of free will. If a theory for consciousness could be constructed, free will would not exist. Professor Scheffel discloses that the mind–body problem cannot be solved reductionistically and evolves the notion of emergence in an argument for free will. QC 20201013