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Here we are providing a dataset of 8 sediment cores collected in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. We reconstruct the temperature (benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca), salinity (d18Oseawater), benthic foraminifera accumulating rates (BFAR), grain size, relative oxygenation (benthic foraminifera Mn/Ca) of intermediate-depth over the last 20kyr, using 8 sediment cores. We are also providing Cold-Water Coral ages derived from AMS 14C and U/Th methods. Many of this dataset has already been published elsewhere.

We report the results of an aquaria-based experiment testing the effects of suspended particles generated during potential mining activities, on a common habitat-building coral species in the Azores, Dentomuricea aff. meteor. Coral fragments were maintained in 10-L aquaria and exposed to three experimental treatments for a period of four weeks at the DeepSeaLab aquaria facilities (Okeanos-University of the Azores): (1) control conditions (no added sediments); (2) suspended polymetallic sulphide (PMS) particles; (3) suspended quartz particles. Seawater physical-chemical parameters were measured daily in each aquarium. Seawater salinity was measured with a S30 SevenEasy™ conductivity meter, pH and temperature with a glass electrode (Crison pH 25+), and oxygen with a Fibox4 (PreSens) with a Oxygen Dipping Probe DP-PSt3. Seawater samples for inorganic nutrient analyses were collected on times 0 (immediately before the start of the experiment), and once a week on days 6, 13, 20 and 27 of the experiment and determined using a colorimetric autoanalyzer Sanplus with segmented flow. Monitoring of aquaria: Monitoring of physical-chemical conditions in each experimental aquaria (2 replicate aquaria per treatment)

The main objectives of the physical oceanography team during the MEDWAVES-ATLAS cruise were to characterize the hydrographic conditions and the structure of oceanic flow to determine the role of the Mediterranean Water in the circulation, over, and around the Seco de los Olivos seamount. To achieve the objectives a set of hydrographic stations were carried out to determinate the hydrographic conditions, the geostrophic circulation and to identify the water masses in the area. In each one of these hydrographic stations, a SBE9 s/n 0851 working at 24 Hz, coupled with a SBE11 (deck Unit) and a SBE32, with 24 bottles of 12 litres, was lowered at less than 55m/min. Besides, a Dual RDI Workhorse 300 khz (slave and master) Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler was used in each station to measure ocean currents.

We report the results of an aquaria-based experiment testing the effects of suspended particles generated during potential mining activities, on a common habitat-building coral species in the Azores, Dentomuricea aff. meteor. Coral fragments were maintained in 10-L aquaria and exposed to three experimental treatments for a period of four weeks at the DeepSeaLab aquaria facilities (Okeanos-University of the Azores): (1) control conditions (no added sediments); (2) suspended polymetallic sulphide (PMS) particles; (3) suspended quartz particles. Trace elements (Co, Cu, Mn) released from the resuspension of PMS particles to the water column in each aquaria were determined using passive sampling (DGT® Research Ltd) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). DGT-holders were deployed in all aquaria and replaced every week (days 6, 13, 20, 27). Metals in seawater: Measurements of metal content in seawater in the different experimental treatments

Carbon export (from the epipelagic towards the mesopelagic zone) and sequestration (from the mesopelagic towards the bathypelagic zone) in the ocean are reviewed. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux, and active flux due to migrant zooplankton and micronekton are shown from the epipelagic to the mesopelagic zone, and from the latter to the bathypelagic zone. Values towards the meso- and bathypelagic zones are compared in oligotrophic and productive systems. Zooplankton and prokaryote respiration in the meso- and bathypelagic zones of the ocean are also reviewed for oligotrophic and productive systems. Values were integrated over a depth layer and are given as the flux or respiration under one square meter (in g/m**2/a) between e.g. 100 m and 1000 m depth.

These datasets were used to describe the diversity, ecology and role of non-scleractinian corals on scleractinian cold-water coral carbonate mounds in the Logachev Mound Province, Rockall Bank, NE Atlantic. Cold-water coral carbonate mounds, created by framework-building scleractinian corals, are also important habitats for non-scleractinian corals, whose ecology and role are understudied in deep-sea environments. In total ten non-scleractinian species were identified, which were mapped out along eight ROV video transects. Eight species were identified as black corals (three belonging to the family Schizopathidae, one each to the Leiopathidae, Cladopathidae, and Antipathidae and two to an unknown family) and two as gorgonians (Isididae and Plexauridae). The most abundant species were Leiopathes sp. and Parantipathes sp. 2. Areas with a high diversity of non-scleractinian corals are interpreted to offer sufficient food, weak inter-species competition and the presence of heterogeneous and hard settlement substrates. A difference in the density and occurrence of small vs. large colonies of Leiopathes sp. was also observed, which is likely related to a difference in the stability of the substrate they choose for settlement. Non-scleractinian corals, especially black corals, are an important habitat for crabs, crinoids, and shrimps in the Logachev Mound Province.

Gordon & Betty Moore FoundationGordon and Betty Moore Foundation [5596]; Canada Research Chairs FoundationCanada Research Chairs; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [747946]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia I.P. Portugal (FCT); Direcao-Geral de Politica do Mar (DGPM) [2/2017/001-MiningImpact 2]; FCTPortuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyEuropean Commission [CEECIND005262017, UID/MAR/00350/2013, IF/01194/2013, IF/00029/2014/CP1230/CT0002, Mining2/0005/2017]; RF State Assignment [0149-2019-0009]; Horizon 2020 Agricultural Interoperability and Analysis System (ATLAS) projects [678760]; JM Kaplan Fund; National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 1634172]; JPI Oceans project Mining Impact -Environmental Impacts and Risks of Deep-Sea Mining Aug 2018-Feb 2022 (NWO-ALW) [856.18.001] info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

MBES bathymetry data gathered on the way to Formigas from Ormonde and from Formigas to Ormond during MEDWAVES cruise; ATLAS project. Used MBES was a Hydrosweep DS-3 model from ATLAS. Beam width is 1º along tarck by 1º across track. Position records from GPS and vessel attitude is controlled by a POS MV unit from Applanix. Sound refraction is corrected by real time measurements of the sound velocity at the transducer depth in addition to sound velocity profiles of the water column gathered from different CTD casts taken before and after each survey. The software for procesing bathimetric data was CARIS 10. Resulting grid has been resampled to 1/8 minute grid georreferenced to mercator WGS84 in decimal degrees. Format: Geotiff to open with cartographyc and GIS softwre (ie. ArcGIS, QGIS)

Tows from year 2002 to 2013 of the EU NAFO groundfish survey, with biomass data of different invertebrates (Sponges, Sea Pens, Large Gorgonians and small Gorgonias) and presence of pennatulaceans. Gear used was a Bottom trawl. Since 2003, all surveys were conducted using the Spanish R/V Vizconde de Eza. Until 2005, the invertebrate data collection was non systematic (it was sporadic) and only few sponge data was collected. The "-" means that there is NO DATA AVAILABLE.. EU NAFO groundfish surveys (NAFO Div. 3MNLO) has been co-funded by the European Union through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund within the National Program. Data Citation: Reports of bottom trawl surveys (2007-2017) on boards R/V Vizconde de Eza

The main objective of the work conducted by the biogeochemical oceanography team was to determine the biogeochemichal role of the Mediterranean Water, over and around the Formigas, Ormonde and Seco de los Olivos seamounts, as well as the Gazul Mud volcano (ATLAS Task 1.3 and task 3.1, potential contribution also to tasks 2.1 and 2.2).Greater emphasis has been done on fine scale biogeochemical characterization 500 meters above the bottom with emphasis on CO2 variables to determine extant characteristics and any future threats / sensibility for benthic communities (ATLAS Tasks 1.3, 2.4 and 3.1 and potential contribution to task 2.2). The biogeochemical parameters measured have been dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, Total Alkalinity (TA), carbonate ion concentration (CO32-), Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) and inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, silicate and phosphate). pH in seawater was measured following the methodology by Clayton & Byrne (1993) using a double-wavelength spectrophotometric procedure (Byrne 1987). It has been reported at 25 °C and on the Total scale (pH25T). Total Alkalinity (TA) was analyzed following a double end point potentiometric technique by Pérez & Fraga (1987) further improved in Pérez et al. (2000). The carbonate ion concentration (CO32-) was determined spectrophotometrically following the recent method first proposed by Patsavas et al. (2015), after the works by Byrne and Yao (2008) and Easley et al. (2013). Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) samples were analysed using a VINDTA 3D system (www.MARIANDA.com). The fundament is extracting the CO2 from the seawater sample by adding phosphoric acid, followed by coulometric detection (Johnson et al., 1993). Inorganic nutrients were determined using colorimetric methods using a SEAL Analytical QuAAtro analyzer. Nitrate was measured with Cu-Cd reduction Naphthylenediamine photometric method. Nitrite was measured with Naphthylenediamine photometric method. Both methods are from Grasshoff et al (1983). Silicate and phosphate were measured with Molybdenum blue method from Murphy & Riley (1962). Some data have been subjected to quality control based on the WOCE/Go-Ship flags (Flag_O2; Flag_pH25T; Flag_TA; Flag_CO3; Flag_DIC). A Flag=2 means an acceptable data; flag=3 means a questionable data; flag=9 not sample measured. More information about the quality controls in Olsen et al. (2016; doi:10.5194/essd-8-297-2016).