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Here we are providing a dataset of 8 sediment cores collected in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. We reconstruct the temperature (benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca), salinity (d18Oseawater), benthic foraminifera accumulating rates (BFAR), grain size, relative oxygenation (benthic foraminifera Mn/Ca) of intermediate-depth over the last 20kyr, using 8 sediment cores. We are also providing Cold-Water Coral ages derived from AMS 14C and U/Th methods. Many of this dataset has already been published elsewhere.

This submission consists of 40 eddy covariance datasets collected from six shallow sites in the Baltic Sea over an 18 month period. Hourly fluxes were extracted from the high-density data streams and were used to compute daily rates of benthic metabolism (gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM); in mmol O2 m-2 d-1). These were converted to C assuming an O2 : C of 1.0 for GPP and R. A description of the flux data processing protocol is given in the manuscript. These datasets were used to compute annual rates of GPP, R, and NEM at each habitat site. The annual rates were then used to investigate (i) phototrophic biomass turnover rates, by comparing the GPP rates with standing phototrophic biomass measurements, and (ii) the regional importance of benthic metabolism, by upscaling the annual rates to habitat distribution maps. This dataset includes all data on standing biomass and habitat extent. Attard et al. LO LettersDaily benthic metabolism rates, annual integrated rates, biomass turnover rates, and spatial upscaling estimates presented in Attard et al. LO LettersMetadata template_Attard et alMetadata template for Attard et al. LO Letters dataset

We report the results of an aquaria-based experiment testing the effects of suspended particles generated during potential mining activities, on a common habitat-building coral species in the Azores, Dentomuricea aff. meteor. Coral fragments were maintained in 10-L aquaria and exposed to three experimental treatments for a period of four weeks at the DeepSeaLab aquaria facilities (Okeanos-University of the Azores): (1) control conditions (no added sediments); (2) suspended polymetallic sulphide (PMS) particles; (3) suspended quartz particles. Seawater physical-chemical parameters were measured daily in each aquarium. Seawater salinity was measured with a S30 SevenEasy™ conductivity meter, pH and temperature with a glass electrode (Crison pH 25+), and oxygen with a Fibox4 (PreSens) with a Oxygen Dipping Probe DP-PSt3. Seawater samples for inorganic nutrient analyses were collected on times 0 (immediately before the start of the experiment), and once a week on days 6, 13, 20 and 27 of the experiment and determined using a colorimetric autoanalyzer Sanplus with segmented flow. Monitoring of aquaria: Monitoring of physical-chemical conditions in each experimental aquaria (2 replicate aquaria per treatment)

Coral gardens are considered to be hotspots of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, due to the important structural and biogeochemical role of cold-water coral (CWC) species. Despite an increase in studies on deep reef-forming species, information on cold-water octocoral species is still very scarce. The present study focused on the feeding biology of two habitat-forming octocoral species typically encountered in seamounts in the Azores between 200 and 600m of depth: Dentomuricea aff. meteor and Viminella flagellum. We used an experimental approach aiming at determining the ability of the species to utilize different food sources including live phytoplankton (the diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and live zooplankton (the rotifer Branchionus plicatilis). Food sources were isotopically enriched with tracers (13C, 15N) which allowed to trace the ingested food in different physiological processes, such as tissue incorporation, Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) respiration and excretion of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and Particulate Organic Nitrogen (PON).

This dataset contains the percentage coverage of different substrate types (live scleractinian corals, dead scleractinian framework, rubble, hard substrates and fine sediments) found at the Logachev cold-water coral carbonate mounds. Video transect data were collected using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Holland-1 during the Changing Oceans Expedition 2012 on RRS James Cook (Cruise JC073) from 2012-05-27 to 2012-06-06. Image frames were extracted from the ROV videos and the percentage coverage was measured in Adobe Photoshop software (van der Kaaden and De Clippele, 2021). Terrain variables (i.e. Depth, Slope, Rugosity, Bathymetric Positioning Index) and Particulate organic matter (POM) per image file were extracted using the ESRI ArcMap v10.1 software. This data was used by De Clippele et al. (2021) to calculate biomass and to estimate the carbon and nitrogen turnover capacity of the study area.