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Rapporten har fokus på de mekanismer, der er med til at opbygge tillid og mistillid i relationer mellem udsatte borgere og socialrådgivere, der arbejder på familieafdeling i to kommuner. Arbejdspakken undersøger, hvordan borgere, der henvender sig til dem, når de søger om familieydelser eller sociale ydelser og socialrådgiverne etablerer gensidig tillid-og mistillid, samt hvordan de gensidige opfattelser af troværdighed og utroværdighed opleves af borgerne og socialrådgiverne.

Forest and non-forest trees and shrubs (hereafter collectively referred to as trees), are the basis for the functioning of tree-dominated ecosystems, and are regularly monitored at country scale via forest inventories. However, traditional inventories and large-scale forest mapping projects are expensive, labour-intensive and time-consuming, resulting in a trade-off between the details recorded, spatial coverage, accuracy, regularity of updates, and reproducibility. Also, forest inventories typically do not account for individual trees outside forests, although these trees play a vital role in sustaining communities through food supply, agricultural support, among other benefits. Moreover, the alarming rate of tree cover loss resulting from different natural and human-induced processes has brought both political and economic motives to attract efforts for landscape restoration especially in Africa. Nevertheless, currently, there is no accurate and regularly updated monitoring platform to track the progress and biophysical impact of such ongoing initiatives. Recent approaches counting trees in satellite images in Africa used very costly commercial images, were limited to isolated trees in savannas excluding small trees, and did not cover other complex and heterogeneous ecosystems such as forests. Here, we make use of novel deep learning techniques and publicly available aerial imagery, and introduce an accurate and rapid method to map the crown size, number of trees inside and outside forests, and corresponding carbon stock, regardless of tree size and ecosystem types in Rwanda. The applied deep learning model follows a UNet architecture and was trained using 67,088 manually labeled tree crowns. We mapped over 200 million individual trees in forests, farmlands, wetlands, grasslands, and urban areas, and found about 67.2% of the mapped trees outside forests. An average tree density of 94.6 and 70.8 trees per ha, and average crown size of 38.7 m2 and 15.2 m2 were mapped inside and outside forests, respectively. In savannas we found 64 trees per ha with an average crown size of 15.6 m2. In farmlands we found 79.6 trees per ha with an average crown size of 16.3 m2. We expect methods and results of this kind to become standard in the near future, enabling tree inventory reports to be of unprecedented accuracy.

In recent years there has been an increased focus on critical interrogations of colonial history within art exhibitions. However, the importance of colonialism for the very idea of art, for the discipline of art history, and for its institutions still needs to be further understood. Especially so in the context of Danish art history where research remains scarce. This thesis is an examination of interlinkages between art museums and colonialism with a particular focus on the SMK – the National Gallery of Denmark. On one level, the thesis analyses how colonial history has appeared in both historical and contemporary exhibitions. On this level, the thesis addresses colonial history as both a historicalframework and as a focus of critical projects. On another level, the thesis discusses how to analyse and work within the intersecting fields of art history, museology, and studies of colonial history: how should one approach it, what should one look for, and how should one account for the changing historical foundations for how colonial history has appeared? The thesis is structured around the analyses of three exhibitions at the SMK: Jakob Danielsen (1941), What Lies Unspoken (2017), and Kirchner and Nolde – Up for discussion (2021). The focus of the first part of the thesis is how and why colonial history has disappeared from the physical museum space, not least through the historical formations of the collection that separated “art” from “ethnography”. As Jakob Danielsen shows, this Greenlandic artist’s works were considered within tropes of primitivism as something that did not fit easily within the art museum. The second part of the thesis takes the notion of discomfort as its main focus. With a focus on two recent exhibitions at the SMK, the thesis examines the affective structures of colonial history in art museums. In particular, the thesis’ central argument is that colonial history appears as something uncomfortable withinexhibitions and the museum space: both in terms of the “affective work” done by external collaborators and in terms of the practical work and decision-making in curatorial processes.

Virtual reality (VR) is a burgeoning expressive medium. Between the extremes of ‘film-like’ and ‘game-like’ software applications lies ‘VR experiences’: A diverse grouping that spans narrative and non-narrative artworks and entertainment. Analyses of VR experiences have historically privileged narrative, immersion, and agency. It’s said that immersion is best induced by offering the participant opportunities to perform virtual actions and shape a story’s course. Looking to develop this line of thinking, the present thesis asks, ‘how can the participant be guided in VR experiences?’ and argues that while agency is indeed important, a neglected, corresponding phenomenon is agency’s opposite number: Patiency, or the embodied feeling of being acted upon oneself. Sensations of patiency in VR can be just as engrossing as exercises of agency. Consider vertigo, ‘butterflies’, startles, or the weird feeling of having one’s personal space invaded by lifelike virtual agents. The thesis works towards an account of how patiency can be used to guide the participant by first addressing some formal considerations (what is a VR experience? how do they ‘position’ the participant relative to the action? how do they convey stories or otherwise represent events?) before exploring VR experiences’ psychological functions. I extrude working definitions of presence and immersion, suggesting that the latter, attention, affect or emotion, agency, and patiency are all deeply entangled. Immersion, construed as a fragile state of enthrallment, is argued as easily engendered by leveraging self-reflexive con-cerns at the nexus of attention and emotion. Participants may be most amenable to designers’ attempts at guidance when ‘hot’, affect-laden cognition leads them to engage with aspects of a virtual environment pre-reflectively. Patiency—both a design strategy and a force or dynamic akin to agency—is thus framed as an in-dispensable way of guiding the VR participant that surpasses ‘mere’ spectacle.

We are concerned with polynomial ordinary differential systems that arise from modelling chemical reaction networks. For such systems, which may be of high dimension and may depend on many parameters, it is frequently of interest to obtain a reduction of dimension in certain parameter ranges. Singular perturbation theory, as initiated by Tikhonov and Fenichel, provides a path toward such reductions. In the present paper we discuss parameter values that lead to singular perturbation reductions (so-called Tikhonov-Fenichel parameter values, or TFPVs). An algorithmic approach is known, but it is feasible for small dimensions only. Here we characterize conditions for classes of reaction networks for which TFPVs arise by turning off reactions (by setting rate parameters to zero), or by removing certain species (which relates to the classical quasi-steady state approach to model reduction). In particular, we obtain definitive results for the class of complex balanced reaction networks (of deficiency zero) and first order reaction networks.

Abstract We reflect on the extent to which Nordic countries have safeguarded the right to health of older persons during the pandemic in 2020. All Nordic states have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and thereby committed to recognising the right to health. We use the AAAQ framework developed by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to draw attention to aspects of the respective states’ responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant impacts on the health of older persons, from the direct effects of the virus, such as illness and death, to indirect impacts, like isolation and loneliness. We find that Nordic states have at times failed to prioritise the full realisation of the core obligations of the right to health for older persons, namely, non-discrimination and provision of essential healthcare. Resource constraints cannot justify discrimination or failure to respect autonomy, integrity and human dignity.

We give partial generalizations of the classical Descartes' rule of signs to multivariate polynomials (with real exponents), in the sense that we provide upper bounds on the number of connected components of the complement of a hypersurface in the positive orthant. In particular, we give conditions based on the geometrical configuration of the exponents and the sign of the coefficients that guarantee that the number of connected components where the polynomial attains a negative value is at most one or two. Our results fully cover the cases where such an upper bound provided by the univariate Descartes' rule of signs is one. This approach opens a new route to generalize Descartes' rule of signs to the multivariate case, differing from previous works that aim at counting the number of positive solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equations.

This biography of Johann Ernst Gerhard (1621-1668) offers a study of a forgotten yet unusually well documented early modern orientalist. Gerhard is not a towering figure but a fascinating representative of the academic culture of his day. His extant Nachlass allows a close study of the life and work of a seventeenth-century scholar, in many respects typical of the academic and intellectual culture of his day. This book aims to shed light on the broad and understudied field of oriental studies in seventeenth-century Germany.

Objectives COVID-19 policies have been employed in Denmark since March 2020. We examined whether COVID-19 restrictions had an impact on Chlamydia trachomatis infections compared with 2018 and 2019.Methods This retrospective nation-wide Danish observational study was performed using monthly incidences of laboratory confirmed chlamydia cases and number of tests, obtained from nation-wide surveillance data. Additionally, Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker data, and Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports were used to contextualise the behavioural adaptions seen as a result of COVID-19 policies. Testing rates were compared using Poisson regression and test positivity rates were compared using logistic regression.Results The crude incidence rate (IR) of laboratory confirmed chlamydia infections was reduced to 66.5 per 105 during the first (March-April 2020) lockdown period as compared to 88.3 per 105 in March-April 2018-2019, but the testing rate was also reduced (Rate ratio 0.72 95% CI 0.71 – 0.73), whereas the odds ratio for a positive test between the two periods was 0.98 (95% CI 0.96 – 1.00). The period of eased COVID 19 restrictions (May – December 2020) and the second lockdown period (December 2020 – March 2021) were characterised by marginally increased crude IRs, while the number of tests performed, and test positivity rates returned very close to the levels seen in 2018-2019. These results were independent of sex, age group, and geographical location.Conclusion The first Danish COVID-19 lockdown resulted in a reduction in the number of chlamydia tests performed and a consequent reduction in the number of laboratory-identified cases. This period was followed by a return of testing and test positivity close to the level seen in 2018 – 2019. Altogether the Danish COVID-19 restrictions have had negligible effects on laboratory confirmed C. trachomatis transmission.