• Publicationsclose
• Other research productsclose
• 2013-2022close
• Article close
• English close
• DARIAH EU close

Reproducible research (Reproducible research is when data can be reanalysed taking the same steps and producing the same or similar result) is being implemented at different speeds in different disciplines, and Archaeology, as a discipline that sits at the intersection of the sciences and humanities, is at the start of this journey. Enabling reproducibility of your work by others is an important step in ensuring research quality. There are currently many barriers to moving towards reproducible research such as upskilling researchers in the practices, software and infrastructure needed to do reproducible research and also the need to address how we can, as a discipline, deal with issues like sensitive data. In this article, we seek to introduce reproducible research in an understandable manner so that archaeological researchers can learn where and how to start with this approach. We describe what reproducible archaeological research can look like and suggest three different computational skill levels of constructing reproducible research workflows (a research workflow is the different parts of a research lifecycle such as data collection, data analysis, data archiving, etc, and making all stages reproducible by using a history tracking system (version control) and transparent documation). Finally, in an extensive appendix, we address common questions about reproducible research to remove the stigma about these issues and suggest ways to overcome them.

This is a revew of the present-day data lanscape prepared as deliverable 5.1. in the framework of the Horizon2020 Project "Computational Literary Studies Infrastracture". This landscape review, for which Work Package 5 is responsible, focuses on intellectual access, i.e. providing guidance for finding and sharing literary data, while Work Package 6 approaches the task from a more technological side, collecting and analyzing literary corpora, available formats, tools, and metadata in order to create an exploratory catalogue / inventory of literary corpora and to provide a transformation matrix/toolbox for solving common issues. Yet we coordinate our efforts – beginning with the compilation of the table of literary collections – therefore one can regard these as two sides of the same coin. The review’s point of departure is the abundance of existing data and their diversity or heterogeneity as regards corpus design and underlying concepts, for example the definitions of text (is it a source, an edition, a data set? see chapter 3), the purpose of a corpus (e.g. general, reference, or monitoring corpora, special purpose corpora; see chapter 4), central considerations or criteria regarding the construction of a corpus (sampling, balancing, representativeness, annotation model(s), data format(s); see likewise chapter 4). How can I go about obtaining data without transgressing ethical or legal boundaries (see chapter 5)? We ask: How can we assist literary scholars in searching for and finding existing data that are relevant to their own research questions? And additionally, what kind of research question is relevant concerning the present-day state of the data landscape and literariness and textuality? The review contains following sections: 1. Introduction: Enhancing Data Findability and Accessibility……………………..……..4 2. Reference Case Studies Highlighting Research Context and Corpus Design (Haiku, Slovak Novel)…………………………………………………………………………..7 3. Research Context: Impact of the Digital Paradigm on Literary Text Collections….…..9 3.1. “Literary” (Return of Essentialism, Poetics, and Classifications)……………………..12 3.2. “Text” (between Bag of Words and Ordered Hierarchy of Content Objects)………..15 3.3. Modelling vs. Exploratory Approaches to Textual Data……………………………….18 3.4. Use Case: Collecting the Haiku………………………………………………………….20 4. Corpus Design: Methods of Selection and Sampling (Use Case: the Slovak Novel)….23 4.1. Typology of Corpora According to Their Purpose……………………………………..25 4.1.1. General-Purpose Collections……………………………………………………….....26 4.1.2. Reference Corpora (Subcorpora of)………………………………………………….28 4.1.3. Digital Critical Editions………………………………………………………………….29 4.1.4. Monitor Corpora…………………………………………………………………………30 4.1.5. Corpora Compiled on the Basis of a Research Question…………………………..31 4.1.6. Opportunistic Corpora………………………………………………………………….31 4.2. Key Considerations for Selection and Sampling (Relative to Different Types of Corpora, e.g. Exploratory or Modelling)…………………………………………...…………32 4.2.1. Corpus Architecture / Composition (Size, Eligibility, Structuring of Texts and Annotations, Entity Typing)……………………………………………………………………34 4.2.2. Completeness…………………………………………………………………………..36 4.2.3. Representativeness…………………….………………………………………………37 4.2.4. Proportion (Balance)……………………………………………………………………38 4.2.5. Frequent Biases………………………………………………………………………...39 4.3. Data Formats………………………………………………………………………………41 4.4. Metadata’s Formats and Structures (Generic vs. Domain-Specific Repositories)….42 4.5. Access to Corpus Data: Retrieval Tools (GUI, APIs, OAI-PMH)…………………….45 5. Legal and Ethical Considerations………………………………………………………….46 6. Outlook……………………………………………………………………………………….51

In 2020, the Research Network entitled ‘Developing a Digital Framework for the Medieval Gaelic World’ was established.1 This project was funded by UKRI-AHRC and the Irish Research Council under the ‘UK-Ireland Collaboration in the Digital Humanities Networking Call’ (grant numbers AH/V00235X/1 and IRC/V00235X/1). The network aimed to bring together scholars working across various aspects of medieval Celtic Studies in order to assess where we stand in terms of the digitisation of resources relating to medieval Ireland and Scotland, and to work towards a consensus on the way forward.

International audience; Published in OA on RESSI (http://www.ressi.ch/) at the end of Octobre 2021. We present here highlights from an enquiry on the innovations in scholarly writing in the Humanities and Social Sciences in the H2020 project OPERAS-P. This article explores the theme of Open Research Data and its role in the emergence of new models of scholarly writing. We examine more closely the obstacles and fostering conditions to the publication of research data, both from a social and a technical perspective.

In this paper, we present the diachronic maps of a selection of 75 Latin modal markers designed through the tool 'Pygmalion'. Both the maps and 'Pygmalion' were conceived in the framework of the 'WoPoss' project, which aims at analysing the diachronic pathways of modality in Latin. While the description of the tool and its functionalities is beyond the scope of this paper, we focus here on the description of our diachronic modal maps. Using visualisations to represent semantic shifts is a well-known practice in some linguistic fields such as typology and lexicography, and they have already been applied to modality. Though the situation is rapidly evolving, typological semantic maps as well as lexicographic maps are still for the most part static and usually not-interactive visualisations. Our modal maps stand out not only for their interactivity, but also for the richness of the information conveyed: chronology, etymology, semantics, syntax, first attestation and diachronic relationships between the meanings. After presenting our conceptual framework for modality, we illustrate the process of conceptualisation and development of our diachronic maps of modality. More specifically, we explain how we gathered and organised the data in order to transpose it into a visual representation. We then showcase the map of 'possum' as an example of our results. Subsequently, we discuss the results with respect to previous literature concerning both visualisation of modal evolution from a general point of view and the investigation of modality in Latin. Finally, we outline possible applications within and beyond the 'WoPoss' project.

Digital archives of memory institutions are typically concerned with the cataloguing of artefacts of artistic, historical, and cultural value. Recently, new forms of citizen participation in cultural heritage have emerged, producing a wealth of material spanning from visitors' experiential feedback on exhibitions and cultural artefacts, to digitally mediated interactions like the ones happening on social media platforms. Citizen curation is proposed in the context of the European project SPICE - Social Participation, Cohesion, and Inclusion through Cultural Engagement - as a methodology for producing, collecting, interpreting, and archiving people's responses to cultural objects, with the aim of favouring the emergence of multiple, sometimes conflicting viewpoints, and motivating users and memory institutions to reflect upon them. We argue that citizen curation urges to rethink the nature of computational infrastructures supporting data management of memory institutions, bringing novel challenges that include issues of distribution, authoritativeness, interdependence, privacy, and rights management. To approach these issues, we survey relevant literature towards a distributed, Linked Data infrastructure, with a focus on identifying the roles and requirements involved in such an infrastructure. We show how existing research can contribute significantly in facing the challenges raised by citizen curation, and discuss challenges and opportunities from the socio-technical standpoint.

Research funding organizations, particularly at international level, are increasingly promoting the\ud creation and maintenance of open access research infrastructures (RI). These resources have\ud assumed a pivotal role as support for the new open and networked science in their dimension of\ud technical and operational frameworks that allow scientists and stakeholders to collaborate and\ud share scientific data and results. In Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), the creation and\ud exploitation of open data platforms is still attempting to catch up with longer-standing practices\ud in the “hard sciences” as the resistance to wider data sharing has not yet been completely\ud overcome. This paper aims to describe how a large project, financed by the European\ud Commission, managed the creation of a RI in the field of SSH, showing the steps undertaken to\ud comply with the GDPR regulations and prepare the data for useful sharing and reuse. In this\ud regard, the authors present the case study of the Horizon 2020 “CultureLabs” project, placing\ud emphasis on some specific practical factors that they believe are particularly important for\ud implementing open access principles in the establishment and maintenance of RIs in the new\ud course of science based on sharing and openness. In particular, the authors will focus on creation\ud of “useful” and GDPR-compliant data and the impact on research activities as a result of their\ud (re)utilisation; the control of the data management process; and the compliance with funders’\ud requirements (e.g. in terms of data security). The reflection on the interplay of these aspects,\ud operated through a case study, appears to be crucial in moving away from a merely theoretical\ud approach to addressing the issue of open access, and it hopes to serve as a guide or a warning for\ud those who create and administer open RIs.

In the domain of Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums (GLAM) institutions, creative and innovative tools and methodologies for content delivery and user engagement have recently gained international attention. New methods have been proposed to publish digital collections as datasets amenable to computational use. Standardised benchmarks can be useful to broaden the scope of machine-actionable collections and to promote cultural and linguistic diversity. In this article, we propose a methodology to select datasets for computationally driven research applied to Spanish text corpora. This work seeks to encourage Spanish and Latin American institutions to publish machine-actionable collections based on best practices and avoiding common mistakes. This research has been funded by the AETHER-UA (PID2020-112540RB-C43) Project from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.