• Publicationsclose
• Other research productsclose
• 2013-2022close
• Article close
• Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage close
• Rural Digital Europe close

[ES] Analizaremos algunos rasgos del proceso de transformación económica y social que tuvo lugar en al-Andalus entre los siglos X y XII, en el marco de la «revolución económica» de la Europa plenomedieval, tomando como caso de estudio la región oriental de la península ibérica. El proceso debió de arrancar con un despegue demográfico y con el aumento de la productividad agrícola, en este caso derivado de los progresos técnicos asociados a la llamada «revolución verde» islámica de los siglos VIII al X. El incremento creciente de los beneficios derivados del campo y el interés por aprovecharlos seguramente impulsó la coacción de las élites urbanas sobre las comunidades campesinas para arrebatarles las tierras más rentables. También pudo ocasionar la colonización de áreas rurales menos favorecidas, que hasta ese momento habían permanecido incultas, por parte de esos grupos acomodados que buscaban expandir los cultivos comerciales, así como por familias de campesinos desposeídos de las mejores tierras. Los cambios en el mundo rural influyeron en el crecimiento de las ciudades debido a la inmigración de la población del campo, presionada y desplazada, que se incorporaba como proletariado urbano ante el incremento en la demanda de manufacturas y bienes de consumo por parte de los terratenientes enriquecidos que habitaban esas ciudades. [EN] In this article we will analyse some features of the process of economic and social transformation that took place in al-Andalus between the 10th and 12th centuries, within the framework of the “economic revolution” of European High Middle Ages, taking the eastern region of the Iberian Peninsula as a case study. The process must have started with a demographic boom and with the increase in agricultural productivity, in this case derived from the technical progress associated with the so-called Islamic “green revolution” of the 8th to 10th centuries. The increase in the growing profits of the countryside and the interest in exploiting them had different effects, such as the coercion of urban elites on peasant communities to take away the most profitable land. It also resulted in the colonisation of less favoured rural areas, especially dry lands that had remained uncultivated until then, by those wealthy groups seeking to expand cash crops, as well as by peasant families dispossessed of better land. The changes in the rural world influenced the growth of the cities due to the immigration of the pressured and displaced rural population, which was incorporated as an urban proletariat in the face of the increased demand for manufactured and consumer goods by the wealthy landowners who inhabited these cities. Este trabajo se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto «Almunias medievales en el Mediterráneo: Historia y conservación de los paisajes culturales periurbanos» (PID2019-111508GB-I00), del que es IP el Dr. Julio Navarro (EEA-CSIC). Cofinanciado con fondos FEDER, pertenece al Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i, Subprograma Estatal de Generación del Conocimiento, del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, convocatoria de 2019 Peer reviewed

Le 87e numéro de la revue Histoire de l’art est entièrement consacré aux humanités numériques. Cette publication, dont toutes les livraisons sont thématiques, traite depuis sa création en 1988 des pratiques et des limites de cette discipline, en publiant à la fois des études de cas et des textes plus transversaux qui explorent les différentes questions soulevées par le thème retenu. S’il s’agit d’une revue spécialisée, elle présente la particularité d’analyser souvent les rapports que l’histo...

Nowadays, due to economic crisis, the number of "abandoned", empty or dilapidated listed or historic buildings of Greek cities and settlements is constantly increasing. In order to protect and enhance the Greek tangible cultural heritage, it is necessary to promote actions that give motives to owners or users of historic buildings to preserve them, by providing tools and financial support in the particularly increased costs of restoration and consolidation works of their necessary continuous maintenance. The program “Preserve” introduced by the Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy, and more specifically the General Secretariat of Spatial Planning & Urban Environment, relates to interventions in designated as listed or monuments or buildings within historic sites and traditional settlements and historic buildings. The interventions will include facade cleaning (with gentle water jet to remove air pollutants or anti-graffiti painting for protection against vandalism), works in order to preserve the shell of the buildings so as to avoid it’s partial or total collapse, restoration of facades and restoration of the interior of the buildings. Along with the activation of the Digital Land Bank, the Building Rights Transfer, the Single Digital Map, and the Digital Building Identity etc., it will offer the owners of the listed buildings a holistic solution for the protection and enhancement of the tangible cultural heritage of Greece.

Being at the crossway of trade routes, Ioannina, in northwestern Greece, has known overtime an economic and spiritual flourishment reflected in the city's urban web, which has, unfortunately, undergone major alterations. Focusing on the city's Post-Byzantine period, starting in 1430, for tracing its pluralistic physiognomy, studying the osmosis of its three cultures, Christian, Jewish and Muslim, and figuring out the related cultural palimpsest, still surviv-ing in the collective memory of the city, has been the great challenge of IASIS Postdoctoral Research Project.1 Extensive documentation of various origin, dynamic and combined interpreta-tion and processing of multiple data, cross-checking of the detected infor-mation, have formed the basic principles of IASIS project development. The specific paper forms the first part of Hagia Paraskevi Christian Byzantine Monastery-Namaz Giyah Muslim Mosque-Perifereia Hellenic State Adminis-trative Building cultural landmarks’ integrated management, i.e., the part on the landmarks’ integrated documentation in the framework of IASIS Postdoctoral Research Project. [35, 36]

The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of interaction between cultural studies and digital humanities to understand the vectors of further development of both fields in the context of studying issues actualised by digital culture. The research methodology involves the use of such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis. The method of analysis is used to determine the features and potential of digital humanities and cultural studies, and the synthesis method is used to establish links between these disciplines within possible variations of cooperation and mutual enrichment. The significance of the work is the identification of common interests and several ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify common interests and ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. Conclusions. It is noted that digital humanities is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine the humanities with new technologies and computational methods. Based on the analysis of tools and activities of digital humanities and conceptual approaches in the field of cultural studies, the following interaction options are identified and analysed: research of social networks, application of the distant reading method using the Voyant Tools programme to determine cultural regularities within one text or between several texts, visual research using the method of cultural analytics by L. Manovich, digitisation of cultural heritage, popularisation of cultural studies through the use of modern multimedia forms of information presentation. Among modern multimedia forms, special attention is paid to the possibilities of audiovisual essays. It is noted that cultural studies can supplement the technical toolkit of digital humanities with an expert assessment of cultural processes caused by new digital technologies.

The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of interaction between cultural studies and digital humanities to understand the vectors of further development of both fields in the context of studying issues actualised by digital culture. The research methodology involves the use of such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis. The method of analysis is used to determine the features and potential of digital humanities and cultural studies, and the synthesis method is used to establish links between these disciplines within possible variations of cooperation and mutual enrichment. The significance of the work is the identification of common interests and several ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify common interests and ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. Conclusions. It is noted that digital humanities is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine the humanities with new technologies and computational methods. Based on the analysis of tools and activities of digital humanities and conceptual approaches in the field of cultural studies, the following interaction options are identified and analysed: research of social networks, application of the distant reading method using the Voyant Tools programme to determine cultural regularities within one text or between several texts, visual research using the method of cultural analytics by L. Manovich, digitisation of cultural heritage, popularisation of cultural studies through the use of modern multimedia forms of information presentation. Among modern multimedia forms, special attention is paid to the possibilities of audiovisual essays. It is noted that cultural studies can supplement the technical toolkit of digital humanities with an expert assessment of cultural processes caused by new digital technologies. Мета статті — дослідити можливості взаємодії між культурологією та цифровими гуманітарними науками для розуміння векторів подальшого розвитку обох галузей у контексті вивчення питань, актуалізованих цифровою культурою. Методологія дослідження передбачає використання таких загальнонаукових методів, як аналіз та синтез. Метод аналізу застосовано для визначення специфіки та потенціалу цифрових гуманітарних наук та культурології, а метод синтезу — для встановлення зв’язків між цими дисциплінами у межах можливих варіацій співробітництва та взаємного збагачення. Наукова новизна роботи полягає у визначенні спільних інтересів та способів практичної взаємодії між цифровими гуманітарними науками та культурологією. Висновки. Зазначено, що цифрові гуманітарні науки — це міждисциплінарна галузь, яка націлена на поєднання гуманітарних наук з новими технологіями та обчислювальними методами. На основі аналізу інструментарію та видів діяльності цифрових гуманітарних наук та концептуальних підходів у галузі культурології було визначено й проаналізовано такі варіанти взаємодії: дослідження соціальних мереж, застосування методу дистанційного читання за допомогою програми Voyant Tools для визначення культурних закономірностей усередині одного тексту чи між кількома текстами, візуальні дослідження з використанням методу культурної аналітики Л. Мановича, диджиталізація культурної спадщини, популяризація культурологічних досліджень через застосування сучасних мультимедійних форм представлення інформації. Серед сучасних мультимедійних форм особлива увага приділена можливостям аудіовізуального есе. Зазначено, що культурологія здатна доповнити технічний інструментарій цифрових гуманітарних наук експертною оцінкою культурних процесів, зумовлених новими цифровими технологіями.

Se presenta una nueva hipótesis sobre el modo de vida y el grado de control social de la producción agrícola en la sociedad argárica (2200-1550 BCE). Si bien hace décadas se propuso para la cuenca de Vera (Almería) que en la fase final de su desarrollo se daría un proceso de intensificación productiva basado en un monocultivo extensivo de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.), la revisión efectuada del conjunto de los datos paleobotánicos disponibles, con las limitaciones existentes y analizados de forma global a nivel cronológico, permiten considerar otras posibilidades interpretativas. Los datos apuntan hacia la práctica de una agricultura diversa durante todo el desarrollo de la sociedad argárica, aunque de base esencialmente cerealista, asociada a la puesta en práctica de diferentes estrategias coherentes con los principios de la racionalidad de la economía campesina. This paper presents a new hypothesis on the way of life and the degree of social control of agricultural production in the Argaric society (2250-1550 BCE). Decades ago, a productive intensification process based on an extensive monoculture of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was proposed in the Vera Basin for the late phases of this society. However, the review of all available paleobotanical data, with the existent limitations and evaluated in a global chronological way, allows considering other interpretative possibilities. Data points towards a diverse agriculture practice during the whole argaric period, despite having an essentially cereal base, associated with the implementation of different strategies consistent with the principles of the rationality of the peasant economy.

Este trabajo sostiene que las tipologías arquitectónicas del hábitat rural campesino poseen valor histórico y vigencia para comprender los procesos socio-territoriales que componen el escenario de la ruralidad. Estos procesos son posibles de ser comprendidos a partir de reconocer las prácticas, saberes y técnicas de quienes habitan dichos territorios. Para el desarrollo de este artículo, se propone problematizar dos situaciones en comunidades del noroeste de Córdoba (Argentina), por un lado, el modo en que las políticas públicas, específicamente las de vivienda, intervienen en la ruralidad desconociendo las formas de habitar ese territorio, y por el otro, la vinculación que ello posee con la racionalidad arquitectónica, desde la cual se diseñan espacios que aún reproducen fundamentos basados en los patrones universales de la modernidad occidental (principalmente urbanos, antropocéntricos y coloniales). El objetivo es profundizar en estos aspectos para comprender como esta arquitectura conforma un paisaje material y cultural histórico de nuestras sociedades, y a su vez compone una vigencia invisibilizada por parte del campo de la arquitectura y la intervención de las políticas públicas. Para cual se propone reflexionar sobre una mirada del patrimonio que ponga en valor lo dicho, y procure desmitificar el hábitat rural como algo del pasado. This paper argues that the architectural typologies of the rural habitat have historical value and validity to understand the socio-territorial processes that make up the rurality scenario. These processes can be understood by recognizing the practices, knowledge and techniques of those who inhabit these territories. For the development of this article, we propose to problematize two situations in communities in the northwest of Córdoba (Argentina), on one hand, the way in which public policies, specifically housing policies, intervene in rurality, ignoring the ways of inhabiting this territory, and on the other hand, the link that this has with architectural rationality, from which spaces are designed that still reproduce foundations based on the universal patterns of western modernity (mainly urban, anthropocentric and colonial). The objective is to delve into these aspects in order to understand how this architecture shapes a historical material and cultural landscape of our societies, and at the same time composes an invisibilized validity by the field of architecture and the intervention of public policies. For which it is proposed to reflect on a view of heritage that puts in value what has been said, and seeks to demystify the rural habitat as something of the past.

V prispevku predstaviva podatkovni model baze Vzhodnoazijske zbirke v Slovenji in njegovo prilagoditev Europeaninem podatkovnem modelu za potrebe objave podatkov več kot 900 predmetov kitajske kulturne dediščine, pretežno fotografij, v Europeani. Podrobno opiševa proces oblikovanja prilagojenega modela ter postopek priprave podatkov na uvoz, ki je potekal s pomočjo orodja MINT. Na koncu podava nekaj refleksij o pozitivnih učinkih te izkušnje na delo z izvorno bazo.

Indian subcontinent is blessed with varied cultural heritage and dimensions. From the brocades of Banaras to the ikat of Andhra Pradesh, each complex technique narrates history, tradition, culture, history, and legacy preserved in the hands of the master craftsmen. However, we are going through paramount historical change dominated by digitization and technology. It is an inevitable mega-trend that has touched upon every aspect of social life building a different concept and model of social interaction. Likewise, an increasing consensus indicates the need to reconfigure traditional social and cultural structures. In the light of the information and communication technology (ICT), our tangible and intangible material culture entails digital acquisition, storage, preservation, and reinterpretation to acclimatize with the contemporary times. One such technique that requires substantial consideration for conservation is rafugari - a fine invisible darning technique used to repair and restore damage on age-old Pashmina/Kani shawls of Kashmir. Passed down from generation to generation, the dexterity of the artisan remains varied with very few masters of the trade. It is noteworthy that extremely skilled rafu work is extremely difficult to detect. Due to the availability of limited resources, it is important to document the secrets of the trade to preserve the technique for the next generation. My paper examines the role of ICT and intangible heritage culture to preserve the technique and establish its relevance in modern times as a sustainable practice.