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The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, the war on Ukraine, and their effects on global output and supply chain have led to inflationary pressures globally. The Covid-19 pandemic has continued to disrupt the global supply chain, especially in China, while the war between Russia and Ukraine has affected commodity and food prices, leading to inflation rising to levels not seen globally since the global financial crisis in 2008. Inflation has been a pressing issue for policymakers globally. In November 2022, US inflation climbed down to 7.1% from a peak of 9.1% in June, the highest ever in many decades. Even though this figure represents a drop of 8.5% from its October inflation report of 7.7%, we would need to stretch back to 1981 for us to get a period when inflation was that high in the US, averaging 10% that year. As a result of this, how has Nigeria been able to address the issues of global inflation fuelled by the ongoing war in Ukraine? What are some policy considerations that are germane to tackle the current rising prices? These and other questions would be addressed in the article.

In this article we estimate the level of Control of Corruption for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020 using data from the ESG World Bank Database. Various econometric techniques are applied i.e.: Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS. Results show that “Control of Corruption” is positively associated, among others, to “Government Effectiveness” and “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism”, while it is negatively associated among others to “Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Value Added as Percentage of GDP” and “GHG Net Emissions/Removals by LUCF”. A cluster analysis implemented with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Elbow Method shows four clusters. A confrontation among eight Machine Learning algorithms is proposed for the prediction of Control of Corruption. Polynomial Regression is the best predictor for the training data. The level of Control of Corruption is expected to growth by 10.36% on average.

In the context of SARS-CoV-2 crises, the phenomenological studies analyze the market phenomenon of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in public health. With PRC’s diplomatic behaviors around the national, international, and global public health crises, the phenomenological occurrence was further questioned into on accounts of genetic engineering, PRC’s top-down behaviors, and financial and non-financial incentives in public health inequality with its declared universal healthcare coverage. The phenomenological studies further the evidence chains on the PRC governmental bodies’ purposeful and intentional crimes against humanity, with the public health system they designed to hide criminal evidences in the clinical evidence chains. Albeit it is paramount for the medical professionals to prepare for a certain but unforeseeable surge of biomedical intrusion, the phenomenological studies call for military interventions on the humanitarian catastrophe that have twice in three years caused unnecessary sufferings regionally and globally. Without it, the world can only wait to detect Chinese passengers’ carriers instead of obtaining firsthand data, potentially leading to more deaths and mutation risks. Only peace-building and government reformation on democratic basis in the region can solve the humanitarian crisis once and for all. No scientific evidence establishes the virological homogeneity between SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and the politicization of the HIV-1 homogeneous virus underlies the 2002 - 2003 outbreak that caught international attention. The long-term PRC derogation on the global institutional determinants of health has led to the global mandates of poisoning by “vaccination”. The viral RNA origin is inferred to mutational result of PRC’s nuclear weapon tests.

Did the Covid-19 pandemic have an impact on innovation? Past economic disruptions, anecdotal evidence, and the previous literature suggest a decline with substantial differences between industries. We leverage USPTO patent application data to investigate and quantify the disturbance. We assess differences by field of technology (at the CPC subclass level) as well as the impact of direct and indirect relevance for the management of the pandemic. Direct Covid-19 relevance is identified from a keyword search of the patent application fulltexts; indirect Covid-19 relevance is derived from past CPC subclass to subclass citation patterns. We find that direct Covid-19 relevance is associated with a strong boost to the growth of the number of patent applications in the first year of the pandemic at the same order of magnitude (in percentage points) as the percentage of patents referencing Covid-19. We find no effect for indirect Covid-19 relevance, indicating a focus on applied research at the expense of more basic research. Fields of technology (CPC mainsections) have an additional significant impact, with, e.g., mainsections A (human necessities) and C (chemistry, metallurgy) having a strong performance.

This topic of research is carrying great importance for Karachi Stock Exchange as it compares the most important issue of demutualization with international case studies. In this report advantages and criticism of the demutualization in Pakistan is discussed. The process followed by the Australian Stock Exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange is highlighted so as to do a comparative study. Along with the demutualization integration of the exchanges is also discussed, as a result of which two alternatives are derived. Recommendations in the context of the implementation of the demutualization process are given and one of the suggested alternatives is given the preference for the implementation in Pakistan exchanges.

To great disappointment I must say that KSE was no more than a CASINO, infact it was even worse than a casino because in casino the liability of person is limited but here during crisis traders could even square their positions leading to bankruptcy and failures. This is the reason why foreign investors are not willing to participate in our market because we don’t rely on fundamentals and this is all due to our fault (the traders, government and the regulators).Regulators play a very fundamental role in our market and according to me these regulators are the main culprits behind the crisis because they have shake hands with market regulators ultimately creating a monopoly in market. When the market was in bullish trend the regulators set an easy flow of rules and procedures to boost and support the market but as market started declining the regulators acted as a policeman imposing more and more implications and rules causing a further decline in market.” What could one do if the gate keeper is self is a thief?” After the unfortunate decline witnessed in mid March, it is imperative that the investors preserve and retain strong positive economic fundamentals intact. This can only be done by taking clear cut steps on strict risk management issues concerning future liquidity and price sensitivity issues. At this point, investors must heighten concern on speculative moves, and the regulatory authority as well as the management of KSE should insure reforms that limit such moves. Opportunity to invest in future on a margin of 10%, implementing rules without prior notices, eleventh hour decision and investments, retrieval of information by big brokers through CDC …These all factors are also to be taken into consideration for further avoid such a catastrophic feature of the past to re-emerge.

We study the co-movement in international zero-coupon government bond yields using a recently proposed methodology by \cite{Choi2018} and \cite{Choi2021} for the estimation of multilevel factor models. We employ a readily available non-proprietary dataset coupled with open-source code which facilitates reproduction of the results but also comparability with the existing bibliography. The ten countries dataset is cross-sectionally expanded to eleven countries with newly constructed data series on the term structure of Greek constant-maturity, government zero-coupon bond rates. We find that the country pair US-Germany is most suitable as an initial candidate for global factor estimation. We confirm that three global factors account for most of the variation in zero-coupon bond yields leaving a small proportion to be (contemporaneously) explained by local factors. Global inflation and global real activity are related to the global level and slope factors. The third global factor, ``curvature'', is strongly related to economic/financial uncertainty linked to systemic risk stemming from the US financial markets.

Digitalization is an essential element for the development of today’s society, in the context of actual geo-political challenges. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of digitalization, offering new perspectives on sustainable and inclusive development. From the point of view of the regional approach, digitalization can have an important impact on the level of territorial development and on the reduction of economic and social inequalities. This paper proposes to identify the relationship between a series of indicators specific to digitization and regional GDP, with the help of panel models. The objective of the research is to estimate the relationship between GDP and two indicators specific to digitalization: online commerce and broadband internet infrastructure, the level of the eight development regions in Romania. Dependency modelling, based on econometric equations, offers the possibility of highlighting the way in which the two indicators of the digital economy contribute to the growth of GDP per capita. This analysis aims to illustrate the fact that broadband technologies and the increase in the number of people using the Internet for commercial purposes can have a positive impact on the growth of the regional economy. The results of the analysis highlighted the direct relationship of the indicators between the three variables related to the digitalization process at the level of Romania’s regions and the strong influence of broadband internet and online trade on GDP per capita, proving that any growth among independent variables will lead to an increase amongst the dependent variables.

If the company has customers, they have a brand. Their best customers have formed an image in the mind of what they are, what they do, and how they do it. Everything they have ever done and everything their people ever did helped to create the brand in their customer’s mind. Everything they do in the future will influence how their brand is perceived. Their brand is a litmus test of their business. If the company’s brand reflects the reality and potential of their business, that’s a great measure of strength. They can travel wherever their brand takes them. They can expand their brand and incest with confidence. However if the brand is low-key, passive, misunderstood, or undervalued, there’s a lot of work to be done. A weak brand is a liability in any category, while a strong brand soars. They key to growing a strong brand is to be clear about what a brand actually is. Usually product and brand are thought to be synonymous and are often interchangeably used, as words. However, there is a critical distinction between the two: “within every brand there is a product, but not every product is a brand.” A brand is much more than the logos and graphics, or other tangibles (though these are vitally important). It takes more than financial resources to build a brand (insight into human nature and imaginative creativity are more highly valued). Once a brand is created the company cannot assume the hard work is done (the hard work is just beginning). The simple, compelling fact is that their brand is about the special relationships they have with people, and how they make those relationships real. If the customers know the company and respect them and the company responds to them in stimulating and constructive ways, they have the basis of a great relationship. The company’s brand and their business are inextricably linked. Every effort they make to attract customers and become part of their lives grows their brand as it grows their business managing on a brand platform (Human idea) is the most comprehensive, most powerful and most productive way to move their business ahead. If they have a vision for their business, they need to make it realize through their brand.

In this article we investigate the role of “Renewable Energy Consumption” in the context of Circular Economy. We use data from the World Bank for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We perform several econometric techniques i.e., Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS. Our results show that “Renewable Energy Consumption” is positively associated among others to “Cooling Degree Days” and “Adjusted savings: net forest depletion” and negatively associated among others to “GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF” and “Mean Drought Index”. Furthermore, we perform a cluster analysis with the application of the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we find the presence of two clusters. Finally, we compare eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the value of Renewable Energy Consumption. Our results show that the Polynomial Regression is the best algorithm in the sense of prediction and that on average the renewable energy consumption is expected to growth of 2.61%.