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Nursing records are an account of patient condition and treatment during their hospital stay. In this study, we developed a system that can automatically analyze nursing records to predict the occurrence of diseases and incidents (e.g., falls). Text vectorization was performed for nursing records and compared with past case data on aspiration pneumonia, to develop an onset prediction system. Nursing records for a patient group that developed aspiration pneumonia during hospitalization and a non-onset control group were randomly assigned to definitive diagnostic (for learning), preliminary survey, and test datasets. Data from the preliminary survey were used to adjust parameters and influencing factors. The final verification used the test data and revealed the highest compatibility to predict the onset of aspiration pneumonia (sensitivity = 90.9%, specificity = 60.3%) with the parameter values of size = 80 (number of dimensions of the sentence vector), window = 13 (number of words before and after the learned word), and min_count = 2 (threshold of wordcount for word to be included). This method represents the foundation for a discovery/warning system using machine-based automated monitoring to predict the onset of diseases and prevent adverse incidents such as falls. Shotaro Komaki, Fuminori Muranaga, Yumiko Uto, Takashi Iwaanakuchi, Ichiro KumamotoSupporting the Early Detection of Disease Onset and Change Using Document Vector Analysis of Nursing Observation RecordsEvaluation & the Health Professions 2021https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787211014270

Abstract A micro-tube passage is a basic and important element in the design of micro heat exchangers and for this reason during the last decade a series of investigations have been made with the aim to clarify the main scaling effects playing an important role in microtubes. In this paper, a combined analysis of numerically and experimentally obtained average friction factors in microtubes under the situation of under-expanded (choked) gas flow is presented. The working fluid (nitrogen) passes through the microtube and discharges into the atmosphere under an increasing inlet pressure. Experiments and numerical computations are performed for microtubes with 249 and 528.9 mm in diameter, by varying the aspect ratio (i.e. length/diameter) from 100 to 200. The numerical methodology to solve the governing equations is based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method. In order to capture the under-expansion characteristics of the flow during choking, the computational domain is extended in the downstream region beyond the microtube outlet. Both experimental and numerical results were obtained for a wide range of Mach number and Reynolds number. In the previous study, it was demonstrated how the outlet Mach number can be expressed as a function of the tube diameter under choked conditions. In this paper, a data reduction procedure for the estimation of the average friction factor between the inlet and the outlet of the microtube is proposed for choked flows in which the outlet gas temperature and pressure are obtained by using the outlet Mach number calculated numerically as a function of the microtube diameter. It is demonstrated how this data reduction method allows an accurate calculation of the average friction factors in microtubes by using a limited number of parameters which are easy to measure. The results obtained in this way are in good agreement with the numerical predictions as well as with the most common empirical correlations.

Abstract There exists the laminar flow, transitional flow, turbulent flow and choked flow regimes in a microtube gas flow. Development of a non-invasive identification method of the flow regimes within a microdevice is expected. This paper demonstrated how the internal gas flow regimes can be identified by measuring the distribution of the external wall temperature of the microchannel along the flow direction. A series of experiments were conducted by using nitrogen as working fluid through a stainless steel micro-tube with an inner diameter of 523 µm and a fused silica micro-tube having a diameter of 320 µm. The experiments were performed by fixing the back pressure at the exit of the microchannel at the atmospheric value and by varying the inlet pressure in order to modify the gas flow regime. In order to measure the external wall temperature along the microtube, two or three bare type-K thermocouples with a diameter of 50 µm were attached to the micro-tube external surface by using a high conductivity epoxy. In the case of the microtube having a diameter of 523 µm, local pressures were measured at three local pressure ports along the microtube. The pressure ports were placed on the opposite side of the tube wall where three thermocouples were attached. The microtube external wall was thermally insulated with foamed polystyrene to prevent heat gain or loss from the surrounding. The experimental results show that the wall temperature decreases in the laminar flow regime, increases in the transitional flow regime, decreases in the turbulent flow regime and it stays nearly constants in the choked flow regime. The behavior of the average Fanning friction factor and the local Mach number can be explained by identifying the flow regime. It is clarified that the microtube external wall temperature is a reliable indicator of the flow regime.

The major vault protein (MVP) is the main constituent of the vault ribonucleoprotein particle. Although the role in multidrug resistance has been suggested, the physiological function of vaults remains unclear. It has been reported that MVP levels were elevated after treatment with the DNA-damaging agents such as adriamycin (ADR). The aim of this study was to investigate molecular basis for the induction of MVP by ADM, and to investigate the potential role of MVP in drug resistance. Expression levels of both MVP protein and MVP mRNA were increased by ADM. ADM could also enhance MVP promoter activity. Introduction of siRNA against Sp-1 in SW620 cells attenuated the expression of MVP induced by ADM. Down-regulation of MVP expression by MVP RNAi in SW620 cells increased the sensitivity of the cells to ADM. Furthermore, ADM enhanced the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 8 in the MVP knock-down cells, but not in control cells. Our data demonstrate that exposure of cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents induces MVP that might have an important role in the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. VaultはRNAタンパク質複合体で、その発現量と多剤耐性癌細胞における治療抵抗性との相関が指摘されているが、vault自体の機能については未だ不明な点が多い。これまでに、vaultの構成成分であるmajor vault protein (MVP) は、DNA傷害性抗癌剤により発現が亢進することが報告されている。本研究は、抗癌剤処理下でのMVPの発現亢進機序およびその機能について検討を行うことを目的とした。ヒト大腸癌細胞株SW-620におけるMVP mRNAとMVPタンパク質の発現はアドリアマイシン（ADM）により誘導された。また、ADMにより、MVPプロモーター活性が約2倍上昇した。さらに、ADMによって誘導されるMVPの発現はSp1をknockdownすることにより抑制された。MVPが抗癌剤耐性に関与することが考えられたので、knockdown株を作製し、抗癌剤感受性試験を行ったところ、MVP発現株はMVP knockdown株に比べ、ADMに耐性を示した。さらに、ADM処理下におけるCaspase 8およびCaspase 3の活性化ついて解析したところ、MVP発現株では、MVP knockdown 株に比べ、ADMで誘導されるCaspase 8およびCaspase 3の活性化が抑制されていた。癌細胞はMVPの発現を亢進することにより、抗癌剤によって誘導されるアポトーシスを回避し、vaultが癌の抗癌剤耐性化に重要な役割を担っている可能性が示唆された。 2009-2011年度科学研究費助成事業(科学研究費補助金(基盤研究(C)))研究成果報告書　課題番号：21590168　研究代表者：山田勝士 (鹿児島大学大学院医歯学総合研究科客員研究員)

The language of instruction used in schools in the Pacific is an ongoing and contentious issue. The Cook Islands is a small nation with a rich oral history, in which formal education was initiated soon after the arrival of the British missionary John Williams in 1821. This paper traces the development of schooling, and the changes in policy of language use in schools in the Cook Islands from 1827 to the passing of the Te Reo Maori Act 2003. The predominance of use of either Cook Islands Maori or of English in the education system has alternated a number of times over this time period. The legacy of the shifting language policies is still evident in the Cook Islands today.

A single specimen (25.8 mm standard length) of a serranid fish, Liopropoma tonstrinum Randall and Taylor, 1988, was collected from Minami-daito Island in the Daito Islands, southern Japan. This species was previously known based on specimens from Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean, and various islands in the Pacific Ocean, including the Society Islands, American Samoa, Fiji, New Caledonia, Indonesia, Palau, Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Wake Island, as well as from underwater photographs taken in the Mariana Islands and southern Japan. Thus, the present specimen represents the first record from Japan based on a voucher specimen, as well as the northernmost specimen-based record of this species up to now.