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In the recent years freedom of press has been in decline all over the world. Even in countries inside the European Union, freedom of speech has been challenged, namely in Poland and in Hungary. Several incidents such as harassment of journalists, media laws threatening editorial freedom, and freedom of press itself inside the two countries, has led to a vast critique from the European Union. The fact that press freedom, which would seem to be a self-evident core principle in the EU, is threatened, is what has led to the motivation of this project. We ask ourselves: How can we un-derstand the normative clash between the European Union and Hungary and Poland’s view on freedom of press? We try answering this question from an English School theoretical approach by looking at the influence of political actors and the influence of norms, by analysing how different norms are challenging each other inside the union regarding the topic of freedom of press. Also, the project tries to contribute to the understanding of the EU as a regional international society and a normative power. Lastly the project includes the media system theory to get a historical understanding of how the media systems in Poland and Hungary varies from the Western European media systems, and how these different systems may contribute to the colliding views on freedom of press within the EU. The methodology in this paper is based on a qualitative document analysis from the European Parlia-ment and the Council of Europe dating back to 2017, including discussions, reports, statements from politicians and Media Freedom Alerts from each time Hungary or Poland and freedom of press has been mentioned in either of the two institutions. The paper concludes that the EU, regarding upholding the principles of freedom of press, must be un-derstood as a solidarist international regional society, though the union in most parts fails in its role as a normative power, as it is not successful in spreading its values to Hungary and Poland. This is also evident through the media system theory. Although Hungary is maintaining their existing norms regarding press freedom, Poland’s norms are evolving to resemble those in Hungary, and are thus in a process of moving out of their media system cluster into Hungary’s.

Formålet med projektet er at undersøge, hvordan tre medarbejdere i IT-freelancehuset EPICO skaber mening i deres arbejde - såvel hjemme og på arbejdspladsen under COVID-19. Der fokuseres på, hvordan medarbejderne navigerer i det grænseløse arbejde mellem deres privat- og arbejdsliv. Dette viser sig ved den mening, som medarbejderne tilegner deres identitet, som forstået ved hjælp af Karl Weicks meningsskabelse, samt grænsesætning gennem det grænseløse arbejde og boundary theory. For at analysere projektets empiri, benyttes en kombination af socialkonstruktivisme og fænomenologi, hvilket i sammenspil med det teoretiske perspektiv, giver et indblik i medarbejdernes livsverden. Dette beskriver hvordan forskellige forståelser af familie, arbejde, fritid påvirker balancen i hverdagslivet med øget hjemmearbejde i forbindelse med COVID-19. Projektets konklusion tydeliggør at, der kan ske en en sammensmeltning af medarbejdernes arbejds- og privatliv. Konklusionen giver samtidig indsigt i hvorvidt medarbejdernes work-life balance påvirkes af det øgede grænseløse arbejde. Desuden belyser projektet forskellige aspekter af identiteter i blandt andet alder, arbejdserfaring og opfattelse af hjemmet som arbejdsrum, og om dette har indflydelse på medarbejdernes meningsskabelse. The objective of this research project is to examine how three consultants working for EPICO, navigate through working at home, and in the workplace during the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of this project then is the navigation and setting of borders between private life and of their work life. This is illuminated through the meaning that is subscribed to the consultant’s identities as it is understood by theories of Sensemaking by Karl Weick, as well as boundaries as presented by boundary theory and The Boundless. In analyzing the empirical evidence, the project utilizes a combination of social constructivism and phenomenology which, in combination with the theoretical framework, grants us a window into the inner world of the interviewees. This describes how different views of family, work, freetime and more allows for a deeper understanding of the process that is balancing life with more home-based work, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The project concludes that there is a substantial merging of private and work life for all interviewees. Though, several variations present themselves. This is explained by differences in, among others, age, experience in work and how the interviewed sees the home as a workspace in relation to theories of Sensemaking.

Dette projekt undersøger, hvordan planlægningen af bæredygtigtig byggeri, biodiversitet og solenergi håndteres i danske byer. Projektet undersøger ligeledes hvilke barrierer der findes i forbindelse med planlægningen af en bæredygtig by. Hermed forsøges at finde frem til mulige løsninger, på de barrierer der konkretiseres i projektet. Projektet når til en forståelse af, at de gældende markedsstrukturer og reguleringer i de udvalgte genstandsfelter, har en stor betydning for, hvordan bæredygtighed planlægges. Disse markedsstrukturer og reguleringer kan i visse tilfælde være en barriere for, at bæredygtige tiltag kan implementeres i byen. Mulighederne for at overkomme disse barrierer er en god kommunikation, hvorved essentielle problematikker kan blive adresseret og afstemt. Bæredygtighed er som begreb meget elastisk, hvilket betyder at der kan forekomme konflikter i spændinger mellem de forskellige planlægsningsrationaler. Det kræves derfor, at man som planlægger er fleksibel og bevidst omkring den aktuelle udvikling og de ændringer, der måtte være, når bæredygtigt byggeri, biodiversitet eller solenergi skal planlægges i byen. This project examines how planning of sustainable building, biodiversity and solar energy is managed in danish cities. The project also seeks to identify barriers in context to the planning of a sustainable city. In doing so the project will present relevant solutions to the barriers identified. The project reaches to an understanding that the present market structures and regulations in the field of research heavily influence how sustainability is planned. These market structures and regulations can in some cases function as a barrier for the implementation of sustainable initiatives in the city. One of the options to overcome these barriers is clear communication from start to finish, where key challenges can be addressed and solutions can be discussed. The elasticity of sustainability as a concept means that conflicts often appear within the different planningrationals. It is therefore required that planners are flexible and conscious about the development and changes that are present within areas of sustainable building, biodiversity and solar energy, when one is trying to plan sustainable initiatives in the city.

Jordens befolkning bliver større, hvilket medfører, at der bliver flere munde at mætte. Allerede nu er der mangel på proteinholdige fødevarer i verden, hvilket med den kommende befolkningstilvækst, genererer et endnu større behov. Der må tænkes anderledes i måden hvorpå der anvendes ressourcer og produceres protein på. Specielt ved produktion af animalsk protein er nytænkningen en nødvendighed. Husdyropdræt har vist sig at være en af de store syndere ved udledning af CO2, vand- og energiforbrug, samt storforbrugere af landareal. Klimakrisen skal minimeres og gerne elimineres, derfor har produktionsformen og ressourceudnyttelsen en stor betydning.Projektet undersøger insektet Hermetia illucens potentiale for at udnytte restprodukterne i en industriel økologisk sammenhæng, i et cirkulært bioøkonomisk system med et lokalt bryggeri, Herslev Bryghus, som hovedaktør. Bryggeriet er med i produktionsfællesskabet ‘En del af Herslev’, som i projektets undersøgelse af, om restproduktstrømmene kan udnyttes bedre, drejer sig om.Projektet har dyrket H. illucens larver i 14 dage på forskellige foderblandingsforhold af mask med en organisk selvkomponeret fraktion, ‘Mix’, i to forskellige strukturer, fin og grov. Totalt lipid- og proteinindhold, samt vækst- og mortalitetsrater for larverne blev efterfølgende målt.Gennem det, i forvejen, etablerede produktionsfællesskab ‘En del af Herslev’ er der identificeret materialeflows for de organiske restprodukter. Et potentiale for højere værdiniveau i anvendelsen, samt yderligere kaskadeudnyttelse er identificeret. Ligeledes er et potentiale for besparelse af vand i produktionen af protein identificeret.Gennem forskellige fodersammensætninger kan proteinindholdet optimeres, men den totale produktion af protein påvirkes ikke af fodersammensætningen. Lipidindholdet påvirkes ikke af hverken fodersammensætningen eller –teksturen. The population of the Earth is growing, which leads to more mouths to feed. Already, protein-rich food is scarce in the World, and demand will only increase with population growth. Innovation in the utilization of resources and protein production is required. Particularly in the production of animal protein is reform required. Husbandry has turned out to be one of the big sinners in greenhouse gas emissions, water and energy consumptions, and land use. In solving the climate crisis, means of production and resource utilization will be of great importance.This project examines the insect Hermetia illucens’ potential for utilizing waste products in an Industrial Ecological way, in a Circular Bioeconomic system with a local brewery, Herslev Brewery, at its core. The brewery is a part of the production collective 'En del af Herslev', around which the analysis of waste stream utilization is centered.During the project, H. illucens larvae were reared on feed composed of spent brewers' grains and an organic self-composed fraction called 'Mix', of both coarse and fine textures for a duration of 14 days. The total lipid and protein content of the larvae was determined alongside growth and mortality rates. Through the established production collective 'En del af Herslev', material flows of organic waste streams were identified. Potential for the increased value of the resource utilization and added cascade usage was recognized. Additionally, the potential for decreased water consumption in the production of protein was made apparent.Through various feed compositions, the protein percentage may be optimized, but the total protein content does not vary. Lipid content was not affected by variation in composition or texture of feed.

This project seeks to show how the Waldorf education (in Danish: Steinerskolen) reflects the societalconditions in the Danish society. This will be investigated through an in-depth analysis of the Waldorfeducation and their pedagogical approach and their view of human beings. The project will make useof Hartmus Rosa’s theory on the acceleration society, where the Waldorf education can be viewed asan opposition to the accelerated society of today. Furthermore, it is discovered that the Waldorfeducation has a formal formation view (in Danish: formal dannelse) on education which prioritizesthe personal development of their students. This reflects on how the competitive nature of the publicschools fit into the material formation (in Danish: material dannelse) educational system, which tendsto prioritize academic development to ensure that the students are equipped for the job market. Lastly,the consequences of living in a society where the main goal is to create economic growth rather thanfocusing on human values are discussed. This is done by using the psychologist Nadja U. Prætorius,where it is concluded that on the individual level it has consequences to have goals in which thehuman is alienated and loses contact to its own person and all that gives purpose to life itself. Thoughthis, the project questions the conditions which are present currently in the Danish educational system,since the Waldorf education in comparison manages to prioritize personal growth over economicgrowth. In addition, we stand critical of the Waldorf and their pedagogical approach by discussingparadoxes in relation to being a pedagogy that exists and functions in our society. Dette projekt ønsker at belyse hvordan Steinerskolen afspejler de samfundsmæssige vilkår som gør sig gældende i det danske samfund. Det undersøger vi ved at lave en uddybende analyse af Steinerskolen og deres pædagogik. Vi analyserer Steinerskolen ud fra Hartmus Rosas teori om accelerationssamfundet, hvor vi ser at Steinerskolen fremstår som modpol til dagens accelererende samfund. Derudover finder vi ud af, at Steinerskolen har et formalt dannelsessyn, hvilket vil sige, at de prioriterer den personlige udfoldelse hos deres elever, som afspejler hvordan folkeskolens konkurrencestat har målsætninger der passer ind i det materiale dannelsessyn, som prioriterer den faglige udvikling, således at eleverne bliver klar til arbejdsmarkedet. Til sidst diskuterer vi de konsekvenser det har på det individuelle og samfundsmæssige plan at leve i et samfund, hvor målsætningerne er at skabe økonomisk vækst frem for at prioritere de menneskelige værdier. Det gør vi ud fra psykologen Nadja U. Prætorius, hvor vi finder ud af, at det på det individuelle plan har konsekvenser at have målsætninger, hvor mennesket fremmedgøres og derved mister kontakten til egen person og det meningsgivende i livet selv. Vi får derved sat spørgsmålstegn ved de vilkår der er gældende i det danske uddannelsessystem, da vi gennem Steinerskolen ser at man som uddannelse kan prioritere en personlig udfoldelse fremfor økonomisk vækst. Derudover forholder vi os kritiske overfor Steinerpædagogikken ved at diskutere interessante paradokser i forhold til at være en pædagogik, som eksistere og fungere i vores samtid.

Abstract For decades Greenland has been striving for a more autonomous voice and appearance on the international stage, in order to extricate Greenland from the unilateral dependency on Denmark (Gad & Jacobsen, 2017, s. 11). Nevertheless, representatives from Inatsisartut, the Greenlandic parliament, calls for attention to the fact, that they experience an increasingly lack of involve-ment, when Artic issues are debated on a higher political level; internally in the Danish Realm as well as in internationally in a forum like the Arctic Council, considered an agenda setting body in the Arctic (Naalakkersuisut, Udenrigspolitisk Redegørelse, 2019). Informed by poststructuralist thinking, this thesis takes a critical approach to the positioning of Greenland, investigating how language and social practice construct an interrelationship of political power between Greenland and Denmark. A theme, which is addressed asking: What significance the discourses in the Dan-ish-Greenlandic relationship have for the positioning of Greenland internationally? And whether colonial features still manifest themselves in these? In order to uncover, what underlies the as-sumptions constituting the current power relationship, Laclau and Mouffe’s poststructuralist dis-course theory and the concepts of hegemony, antagonism and dislocation serves as a theoretical basis for analysis. Rom Harré’s positioning theory is implemented to the discipline of IR from psy-chology in an explorative manner, in order to gain a deeper insight in the interaction between Greenland and Denmark and in the Arctic Council. The theory is regarded a valuable tool, in order to understand the hierarchy of positions. Most important, the theory emphasizes that discursive actions and speech, positions and narrative conventions are mutually dependent and therefore should not be analyzed independently from each other. In line with one of the ambitions of post-colonial theory the thesis unfolds the marginalized narrative in order to generate an awareness of the fact, that there are alternatives to the ‘truths’ taken for granted. The discourse represented by Greenlandic politicians, is recognized as an antagonistic project to the discourse represented by danish politicians hegemonizing the narrative of an appreciative and participatory relationship. The narrative in opposition, arguing that the arctic strategy of the Danish Realm is characterized by a democratic deficit, due to the lack of involvement of the Arctic indigenous people, is found being marginalized with undermining effect on the Greenlandic ambitions. Concludingly, the the-sis argues that the positioning of Greenland internally in the Danish Realm as well in the Arctic Council might indicate a continuing inherent postcolonial power struggle, evident in the light of postcolonial theory. Problemfelt Ved en stor konference om Arktis i Århus pointerede en grønlandsk parlamentariker, at ’stats-grænser og opdeling af land ikke er noget Inuit har fundet på.’ (Olsvig, 2015, s. 2). Hermed påpe-ges, at verdens inddeling ikke bør betragtes som uomtvistelige sandheder, men konstruktioner, der er mulige at dekonstruere. Den efterfølgende appel til omverdenen om større anerkendelse af oprindelige folks rettigheder over eget land indikerer, at der til stadighed er behov for at værne om disse. En opfattelse, der bakkes op af en række videnskabelige bidrag, der peger på at Arktiske lande som Grønland, i stigende grad oplever af at skulle forsvare retten til indflydelse i egen regi-on som følge af en udvikling mod mere mellemstatsligt arbejde i fora som Arktisk Råd (Olsen & Shadian, 2017). I 2013 ledte en ekskludering af den grønlandske repræsentation fra forhandlinger i Rådet til en grønlandsk boykot af møderne, indtil Grønland, som Kongerigets arktiske rigsdel, igen kunne sidde med til bords (Olsen & Shadian, 2017, s. 125). Mit klare indtryk er, at mange grøn-lændere ville håbe, at det vakte større harme, når den grønlandske repræsentation gang på gang oplever, at der mangler at blive sat en stol frem, når grønlandske anliggender skal diskuteres på højt niveau. I starten af april måned dækkede samtlige internationale medier den akavede affære en manglende stol gav anledning til ved et møde mellem EU-kommissær Ursula von der Leyen, Formand for det Europæiske Råd Charles Michel og den tyrkiske præsident Erdogan i Tyrkiet. Der var ganske enkelt ikke sat stole nok frem til mødets tre hovedpersoner. De mandlige deltageres indtagelse af de to stole indikerede et vis styrkeforhold mellem kønnene, der vakte stor forargelse og senere international fordømmelse (Baume, 2021). Når det ikke vækker samme forargelse, at repræsentanter fra oprindelige folk i Arktis må se med fra sidelinjen, når fremtiden i deres region diskuteres, skyldes det så levn fra kolonitidens magtforhold? At bestemte forhold tages for givet, er ifølge diskursteoretisk tænkning, et produkt af lange og mange diskursive kampe, der har kon-strueret en specifik meningsstruktur (Howarth, 2000, s. 109). Det er denne etablerede mening, som opgaven vil forsøge at dekonstruere ved at belyse, hvordan diskurser er med til at skabe et bestemt styrkeforhold mellem Grønland og Danmark. Opgaven er således inspireret af den post-strukturalistiske grundsætning, at vores viden om verden ikke bør behandles som objektive sand-heder, men som konstruktioner.

Copenhagen is in rapid growth, and the demand for housing is pushing towards expansions of the capital. However, as buildings and construction of these are causing a third of the world’s energy consumption, the demand for sustainable solutions requires actors and institutions to take action and create solutions for both issues. According to the state enterprise behind the capital’s developments, By & Havn, the relatively new area Ørestad is declared sustainable, as they are building energy-efficient apartments and creating incentives for green projects. Furthermore, the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals of 2015 makes up the foundation of the strategies from By & Havn and Ørestad’s Grundejerforening towards sustainable development in Ørestad. However, some citizens do not find sustainability to be a visible theme in Ørestad whilst viewing the area as being soulless. This project will therefore explore the initiatives taken towards transitioning Ørestad into a sustainable city area. Moreover, a survey and interviews of some of the citizens will reveal the dissatisfaction with the city planning and lack of consideration for local activity. Finally, it is revealed that the incentives for strengthening social sustainability are not sufficient and that the developments are not fully sustainable due to this matter. The solution is found by creating stronger initiatives to fulfill the development goals rather than only operating with selected subgoals, which will be beneficial for creating a holistic sustainable transition in the socio-technical system. A further study of the results of the new area, Fælledbyen, is recommended to investigate the effects of implementing DGNB-certifications. København er i kraftig vækst, og den stigende efterspørgsel på boliger presser på udvidelsen af hovedstaden. Samtidigt står byggesektoren bag en tredjedel af det globale energiforbrug, og regeringer over hele kloden er nødsaget til at skabe seriøse tiltag der kan løse begge problemstillinger. Ifølge By & Havn er den relativt nye bydel Ørestad på Amager bæredygtig grundet de energieffektive boliger og incitamenter der har til formål at fremme bæredygtighed. Derudover benytter både By & Havn og Ørestads Grundejerforening sig af FN’s verdensmål som danner grobunden for strategierne for bæredygtig udvikling. Til gengæld anser borgerne ikke bæredygtighed som værende et tydeligt tema i Ørestad, og de opfatter tværtimod bydelen som værende sjælløs. Dette projekt vil derfor undersøge initiativerne fra både Ørestad Grundejerforening og By & Havn for den bæredygtig omstilling i Ørestad. Denne undersøgelse vil understøttes af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse og interviews af nogle af Ørestads borgere som påviser utilfredsheden med byplanlægningen og den manglende prioritering af lokalt byliv. Endeligt konkluderes, at incitamenterne for at styrke den sociale bæredygtighed ikke er tilstrækkelig, og at udvikling derved ikke kan kaldes bæredygtig. Løsningen findes ved at skabe stærkere initiativer til at opfylde FN’s verdensmål frem for blot at arbejde ud fra udvalgte delmål, som vil være til gavn for den fulde bæredygtige omstilling i det socio-tekniske system. En opfølgende undersøgelse af det færdigbyggede Fælledbyen samt andre udviklede kvarterer i Ørestad anbefales for at måle effekterne af de implementerede DGNB-certificeringer.

In this paper, we examine what kind of availability and IT- security challenges have occurred during the transition to home workspaces, with a focus on the utilization of VPN-technology.In order to research this, we performed interviews with remote- working employees and IT-security personnel of large-sized companies, in combination with a thorough technical analysis of the VPN-technology. The intent is to determine how the interplay between managing availability and IT-security have affected the home workspace environments, from both an employee-oriented and technological viewpoint.The results of our investigations show that the utilization of VPN- technology allowing employees secure access to company resources from home workspaces introduced availability challenges, such as slow connections from data bottlenecks due to an increase in active connections. Additionally, the large- scale transition to home workspaces introduced weak points in the connectivity chain which could cause availability issues, such as loss of internet and system failures, which cut the connection to company resources.