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This project looks into what insertion sequences causes Klebsiella pneumoniae to be antibiotic resistant. What was found is that the 6 specific insertion sequences that are IS1A, IS5075, ISEcp1, ISEc15, IS6100 and IS26, all work in tandem with antibiotic resistant genes. These 6 genes where all found through referencing K. pneumoniae plasmid, in ISfinder, and with predicted sequences, containing potential insertion sequences that may have cause antibiotic resistance to be prominent in a gene.

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the frontal and temporal lobes and is the second most common form of dementia in people over 65 years. An inadequate understanding of the pathological mechanisms has resulted in a lack of treatment options and a desperate need for new drug targets. We investigated FTD pathogenesis related to a mutation in CHMP2B on chromosome 3 (FTD3) and its connection to mitochondrial dysfunction. CHMP2B encodes a subunit in the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III), responsible for numerous cellular membrane modifications, which is important for mitophagy. Gene expression involved with ESCRT-III, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial trafficking and oxidative stress was analysed from RNA sequencing data from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from FTD3 patients. We observed an upregulation of genes involved in OXPHOS and ESCRT-III, indicating an increased respiratory and endosomal transport demand. In addition, a higher expression of motor proteins suggested an elevated need for mitochondrial trafficking. Regulatory expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediators indicated the presence of oxidative stress. The results suggest that the cellular response to the CHMP2B mutation caused impaired mitophagy, leading to ATP deficiency and increased ROS production. This response is potentially the basis for the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction and the resulting brain atrophy in FTD3 patients. IPSCs have demonstrated to be reliable models in the investigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and FTD and may further the understanding of the pathophysiological development. The combined efforts of the analysis of genes and cellular processes, using iPSCs, may be used in the investigation of new drug targets.

Brachiopods are marine animals belonging to their own phylum, the Brachiopoda. Nowadays rare, they were of great diversity during the Paleozoic era. Previous studies have proven a decimation of the brachiopod species and a change in their major traits coinciding with the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, around 66 million years ago. This mass extinction, last of the five major extinctions in the history of the Earth, marked the end of the Cretaceous period and the start of the Paleogene period.The cause of this mass extinction is still highly debated to this day. Scientists have set out a variety of theories such as an extraterrestrial bolide impact or intense volcanic activity being the causes of a drastic climate change that wiped out the vast majority of species. Faunal and microfossil assemblages around the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary in the southern region of Scandinavia have proven changes in the tropical and subtropical climate of the late Maastrichtian age, as well as the decrease of specific species in the Danian age. This paper examined the environmental changes that took place around the K-Pg boundary, and the impact on aquatic animal species in the Southern Zealand. Nannofossils, plankton foraminifera, and brachiopods morphology studies were compared and analyzed to better understand the nature of the mass extinction.It was concluded that 40% of the brachiopod species survived, while the rest went extinct due to major changes in their ecological niche, because of climate change. After looking at the different theories explaining this mass extinction, the team settled on a series of events consisting of gradual warmings, cooling and warming again, along with recurrent ocean acidifications. Extensive literature findings found Deccan Traps to be the cause for the climate change around the K-Pg boundary; especially since more recent studies clarified some unanswered questions while proving that the Meteor theory required further evidence.

Copenhagen is in rapid growth, and the demand for housing is pushing towards expansions of the capital. However, as buildings and construction of these are causing a third of the world’s energy consumption, the demand for sustainable solutions requires actors and institutions to take action and create solutions for both issues. According to the state enterprise behind the capital’s developments, By & Havn, the relatively new area Ørestad is declared sustainable, as they are building energy-efficient apartments and creating incentives for green projects. Furthermore, the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals of 2015 makes up the foundation of the strategies from By & Havn and Ørestad’s Grundejerforening towards sustainable development in Ørestad. However, some citizens do not find sustainability to be a visible theme in Ørestad whilst viewing the area as being soulless. This project will therefore explore the initiatives taken towards transitioning Ørestad into a sustainable city area. Moreover, a survey and interviews of some of the citizens will reveal the dissatisfaction with the city planning and lack of consideration for local activity. Finally, it is revealed that the incentives for strengthening social sustainability are not sufficient and that the developments are not fully sustainable due to this matter. The solution is found by creating stronger initiatives to fulfill the development goals rather than only operating with selected subgoals, which will be beneficial for creating a holistic sustainable transition in the socio-technical system. A further study of the results of the new area, Fælledbyen, is recommended to investigate the effects of implementing DGNB-certifications. København er i kraftig vækst, og den stigende efterspørgsel på boliger presser på udvidelsen af hovedstaden. Samtidigt står byggesektoren bag en tredjedel af det globale energiforbrug, og regeringer over hele kloden er nødsaget til at skabe seriøse tiltag der kan løse begge problemstillinger. Ifølge By & Havn er den relativt nye bydel Ørestad på Amager bæredygtig grundet de energieffektive boliger og incitamenter der har til formål at fremme bæredygtighed. Derudover benytter både By & Havn og Ørestads Grundejerforening sig af FN’s verdensmål som danner grobunden for strategierne for bæredygtig udvikling. Til gengæld anser borgerne ikke bæredygtighed som værende et tydeligt tema i Ørestad, og de opfatter tværtimod bydelen som værende sjælløs. Dette projekt vil derfor undersøge initiativerne fra både Ørestad Grundejerforening og By & Havn for den bæredygtig omstilling i Ørestad. Denne undersøgelse vil understøttes af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse og interviews af nogle af Ørestads borgere som påviser utilfredsheden med byplanlægningen og den manglende prioritering af lokalt byliv. Endeligt konkluderes, at incitamenterne for at styrke den sociale bæredygtighed ikke er tilstrækkelig, og at udvikling derved ikke kan kaldes bæredygtig. Løsningen findes ved at skabe stærkere initiativer til at opfylde FN’s verdensmål frem for blot at arbejde ud fra udvalgte delmål, som vil være til gavn for den fulde bæredygtige omstilling i det socio-tekniske system. En opfølgende undersøgelse af det færdigbyggede Fælledbyen samt andre udviklede kvarterer i Ørestad anbefales for at måle effekterne af de implementerede DGNB-certificeringer.

This report attempts to analyze ethically problematic cases in two technolo- gies that use Neural Networks as a part of it’s decision making process, specif- ically Facial Recognition and Automated Vehicles. The report covers technical background of both technologies as well as a theoretical background of nor- mative and applied ethics. It goes on to analyze cases of the trolley problem, mundane problems, Bias and Prejudice, and Privacy issues through each the- ories’ perspective. The report goes on to analyze the case studies as a whole through applied ethical principles, and by contrasting the different normative ethical perspectives on specific cases of this technology. This report concludes that the theories imply a need to limit the use of the technology until its further developed, or the ethics for neural networks has been consolidated.