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Introduction: Short sleep, physical inactivity, and being locked up are risk factors for weight gain. Objective: We evaluated weight gain according to sex, age, hours of sleep and physical activity in university students from 10 Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional and multicenter study (n=4880). Results: The average age was 22.5±4.4 years. 60.2% were currently locked up. 73.6% were women, 48.2% increased their body weight, 66% reported insufficient sleep hours, and 65.9% were inactive. Women gained more weight than men (73.2%) and younger students gained more weight (85.1%). Those who had insufficient sleep hours gained most weight (67.6%). Inactive participants gained most weight (74.7%). Students who have insufficient sleep are 21% more likely to have changes in body weight compared to students who have optimal sleep. Conclusion: The increase in body weight and its risk factors during confinement should be considered as emerging from public health. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicina

El presente trabajo de investigación abordará la problemática de la creatividad, la innovación y la cultura digital en el marco de las prácticas de escritura académica; específicamente, en el área de las humanidades. El roce permanente entre la conservación de los métodos de estudio y la revolución tecnológica, avivado en el último tiempo por la irrupción del COVID 19, genera un diálogo propicio para obtener nuevos acuerdos en lo formal-institucional, en lo que respecta al diseño de las prácticas de escritura, su revisión y su evaluación, en el nivel universitario. Con esta premisa, a partir de la apoyatura que nos brindará nuestro corpus bibliográfico, como así también, nuestra experiencia como equipo en el ámbito de la escritura creativa, nos proponemos realizar, en primera instancia, un análisis situacional, con información de campo y reflexión teórica, en el contexto de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la Universidad Católica de Córdoba, para diseñar, en un segundo momento, un proyecto de intervención que pueda dar algunas respuestas a las demandas observadas y materializar en acciones concretas los desafíos que se nos presentan sobre los deberes y haceres del leer y el escribir en el mundo académico. Fil: Moyano, Emilio Aníbal. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Argentina.

Funding Information: The national studies reported the following funding sources: The BOSS project was funded by the Belgian Federal Public Service of Health. The NOSS collaboration was supported by the Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (grant no. 6505, 2020). NOSS‐Denmark was supported by grants from The Region of Southern Denmark and Region Zealand's shared fund for joint health research projects (Reg. no. A767), and EasyTrial provided the data collection software. NOSS‐Finland received grants from the Finnish Medical Society, and from Helsinki University. UKOSS received funding from the National Institute for Health Research HS&DR Programme (11/46/12). The national studies in Italy and the Netherlands did not have specific funding. The multi‐national study received partial funding support from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) under the Framework service contract nr EMA/2018/28/PE. The content of this paper expresses the opinions of the authors and may not be understood or quoted as being made on behalf of or reflecting the position of the EMA or any of its committees or working parties. The research leading to these results was conducted as part of the activities of the EU PE&PV (Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance) Research Network, which is a public academic partnership coordinated by Utrecht University, the Netherlands. The CONSIGN project was scientifically coordinated by the University Medical Center, Utrecht. Funding Information: OB declares support from the European Medicines agency (EMA). HE declares grants from the Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG) and Norwegian Research Council (grant no 320181). AA declares a grant from the Region of Southern Denmark and Region Zealand's shared fund for joint health research projects. OA declares grants from the Finnish Medical Association and NFOG. MK declares grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research, Medical Research Council, Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership and Wellbeing of Women during the course of the study. MS leads a department that conducts studies on COVID‐19 vaccines for the European Medicines Agency, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Janssen. All support was according to the ENCePP code of conduct. None of the other authors (NV, RR, SD, EJ, EO, MAS, TS, RV, AV, KB) has anything to disclose. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG). Introduction: The majority of data on COVID-19 in pregnancy are not from sound population-based active surveillance systems. Material and methods: We conducted a multi-national study of population-based national or regional prospective cohorts using standardized definitions within the International Network of Obstetric Survey systems (INOSS). From a source population of women giving birth between March 1 and August 31, 2020, we included pregnant women admitted to hospital with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test ≤7 days prior to or during admission and up to 2 days after birth. The admissions were further categorized as COVID-19-related or non-COVID-19-related. The primary outcome of interest was incidence of COVID-19-related hospital admission. Secondary outcomes included severe maternal disease (ICU admission and mechanical ventilation) and COVID-19-directed medical treatment. Results: In a source population of 816 628 maternities, a total of 2338 pregnant women were admitted with SARS-CoV-2; among them 940 (40%) were COVID-19-related admissions. The pooled incidence estimate for COVID-19-related admission was 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.27–1.02) per 1000 maternities, with notable heterogeneity across countries (I2 = 97.3%, P = 0.00). In the COVID-19 admission group, between 8% and 17% of the women were admitted to intensive care, and 5%–13% needed mechanical ventilation. Thromboprophylaxis was the most frequent treatment given during COVID-19-related admission (range 14%–55%). Among 908 infants born to women in the COVID-19-related admission group, 5 (0.6%) stillbirths were reported. Conclusions: During the initial months of the pandemic, we found substantial variations in incidence of COVID-19-related admissions in nine European countries. Few pregnant women received COVID-19-directed medical treatment. Several barriers to rapid surveillance were identified. Investment in robust surveillance should be prioritized to prepare for future pandemics. Peer reviewed

Background: The European Society for Immunodeficiencies recommends that all patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) without contraindications should receive SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons that discourage IEI patients from receiving the recommended vaccination and to assess vaccination coverage among IEI patients in Latvia. Methods: In this multicenter mixed-methods study, the vaccination status of all patients with IEI within two tertiary centers in Latvia was reviewed using electronic health records. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 IEI patients who did not undergo vaccination, and a thematic analysis was performed. Results: A total of 341 patients (49.3% female; median age 19.7 years (IQR:17)) were included in the quantitative part. The proportion of fully vaccinated individuals aged ≥ 12 years was 66.8%–70.9% with patients with selective IgA deficiency and 58.8% with other IEI (χ² = 14.12, p < 0.001). The proportion of fully vaccinated individuals aged 5–11 years was 11.1%. Age was associated with vaccination status: younger patients were found to have a significantly lower likelihood of receiving vaccination (U = 8585, p < 0.001). The five main themes identified were as follows: (1) fear and uncertainty; (2) risk and benefit assessment: COVID-19 vaccine—is it worth it? (3) external influences: the dark horse of the decision-making—people around us; (4) individuals against the system; and (5) beliefs about vaccination and COVID-19. Under-representation of certain IEI groups and recall bias are possible limitations of this study. Conclusions: While most reasons for hesitancy were similar to those previously described in the general population, disease-specific concerns were also identified. Peer reviewed

According to WHO, 10.5% of medicines in low- and middle-income countries are substandard or falsified (SF), which has a multidimensional impact on public health as well as severe economic and socioeconomic consequences. Constrained access, weak technical capacity and poor governance contribute to the emergence of SF medicines. The increasing complexity of supply chains in our globalised world and the growing popularity of e-commerce provide numerous entry points for illegal medical products in both the Global South and the Global North. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global surge in SF medicines. Various actors are involved in the trafficking of SF medicines. Key elements to combat SF medicines are prevention, detection and response with united, global participation of all parties involved.

Background: Long Covid (LC) is a multi-system often disabling condition that develops following a SARSCoV2 infection. We aimed to characterise the pattern and triggers of LC symptoms.Methods: data from a one-year follow-up of an online survey originally conducted in November 2020 were used. Respondents were adults with LC following confirmed or probable COVID-19 who were not hospitalised in the first two weeks of illness. The baseline survey recruited mostly from support groups using convenience non-probability sampling. The content of both the baseline and follow-up surveys was co-produced with people living with LC.Results: 1153 participants described their current health in the 1-year follow-up survey in November 2021 (530 with established clinical diagnosis of LC). The mean age was 47.7 years (standard deviation 10.6) with 84% females, 83% UK-based, 78% university-qualified and 90% reporting good to excellent health before SARSCoV2 infection. Only 5% of participants reported full recovery, and 45% reported a constant pattern of illness compared to 17% at baseline.Out of 637 participants reporting fluctuating or relapsing pattern, 40% reported that their illness was usually triggered by an identifiable factor. A further 30% reported that their illness generally followed a set/cyclical pattern but was occasionally triggered by something, and 10% reported that they had been unable to identify a trigger. Common triggers were physical activity (44%), stress (40%), cognitive effort (27%), social effort (25%), and work (22%). 96% of participants reported getting vaccinated, with 22% reporting improvement, 17% worsening, and 50% no change in illness after vaccination.Conclusions: needing to avoid activities that trigger symptoms means that individuals will have to adapt life routines. This has the potential to widen health inequalities and increase hardship in individuals whose life circumstances and job types may not allow them to make necessary adaptations.Key messages• Symptoms pattern in Long Covid can be constant or fluctuating/relapsing triggered by certain activities.• Having LC often means adapting daily activities to reduce the chance of triggering symptoms.

Globalisation, internationalisation, and more specifically, the migratory movements that these phenomena have caused during the last decades, have expanded cultural and linguistic diversity in people’s daily environments. In addition, because of the increase in the use of new technologies to communicate globally since the COVID-19 pandemic, interactions between people from different parts of the world have become constant—without any need to travel. Because of these events, a key concern has been raised: The abilities needed to take an active part in this multicultural world are no longer simply based on language skills; intercultural competence has become indispensable. If the aim is to avoid misunderstandings and make coexistence as harmonious as possible, intercultural competence is essential—not only to work on teams or in classrooms with colleagues from different cultures but also to interact daily with people from diverse backgrounds. Intercultural competence implies possessing a set of skills and abilities that together allow one to engage in intercultural interactions with a greater or lesser degree of effectiveness. However, intercultural competence does not consist of reaching a level at which one is fully interculturally competent. On the contrary, to maintain both cultural and linguistic diversity, intercultural competence must be understood as a continuous process that is developed throughout life, because learning never stops...

Resumo O artigo versa sobre ética e bioética com foco no trabalhador e no trabalho em saúde no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Traz de forma inédita o debate sobre as desigualdades sociais e econômicas, evidenciadas no mundo, quanto ao acesso a vacinas, medicamentos, testes, EPIs, entre outros, que trouxeram sofrimento e morte. A disputa por esses produtos ocorreu em escala global e países produtores fecharam seus mercados e a dependência comercial levou a situações dramáticas. Durante a pandemia, diversas questões éticas foram evidenciadas: conflitos, dilemas e infrações éticas ocorreram em diferentes situações como nos ambientes de assistência à saúde, na relação entre gestores e trabalhadores de saúde, no âmbito das equipes de saúde e destas para com a sociedade. O artigo também traz o polêmico debate se as mortes ocasionadas pela COVID-19 no Brasil devem ser encaradas como fenômenos biológicos ou sociais: fatalidade, homicídio, mistanásia ou eutanásia social. O artigo conclui que na gestão pública é imperativo que seja aplicada a Ética da Responsabilidade e a Humanização do Cuidado. Nesse contexto de incertezas e desafios para a humanidade é fundamental a participação da sociedade em torno de uma agenda pautada por princípios éticos, dignidade humana, meio ambiente e democracia, com políticas públicas e econômicas inclusivas. Abstract The article is about ethics and bioethics with a focus on the health worker and health work in the context of the pandemic of COVID-19 in Brazil. It brings in an unprecedented debate on social and economic inequalities, evidenced in the world, regarding access to vaccines, medicines, tests, PPE, among others, which brought suffering and death. The dispute for these products occurred on a global scale and producing countries closed their markets and commercial dependence led to dramatic situations. During the pandemic, several ethical issues were evidenced: conflicts, dilemmas, and ethical infractions occurred in different situations, such as in health care settings, in the relationship between managers and health care workers, within health care teams, and between health care teams and society. The article also brings the polemic debate whether the deaths caused by COVID-19 in Brazil should be seen as biological or social phenomena: fatality, homicide, mysthanasia or social euthanasia. The article concludes that in public management it is imperative that the Ethics of Responsibility and Humanization of Care be applied. In this context of uncertainties and challenges for humanity, it is fundamental the participation of society around an agenda guided by ethical principles, human dignity, environment, and democracy, with inclusive public and economic policies.

Въпросите относно ролята и ефектите на фискалните правила са ши-роко дискутирани в теорията на публични финансите. Covid-пандемията допълни-телно актуализира академичните дискусии в анализираната област. Отчитайки изло-жените съображения, разработката има за обект на изследване фискалните правила относно бюджетния баланс, а предмет на анализ са ефектите на Covild-19 върху касовото и структурното бюджетно салдо в ЕС и България. Целта е да се изведат актуални тенденции и критично да се осмисли ролята на фискалните ограничения в пан-демични условия. Изследването доказва негативното Covid влияние, анализира насоките на въздействие и аргументира необходимостта от разумна фискална политика в посткризисния период.