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The 500-ns CG-MD simulation trajectory towards SARS-CoV-2 virus.

This model has been invalidated.

Supplementary Tables of Scientific Paper

Deliverable report 3.2 describes the findings on the analysis of the Science-Policy-Society (SPS) collaboration system on specific casesthrough a Net-Map analysis. Net-Map is an interview-based mapping tool to visualize implicit knowledge and understand the interplay of complex formal and informal networks, power relations, and actors/stakeholders’ goals; uncover sources of conflicts as well as potentials for cooperation; facilitate knowledge exchange and learning processes; and develop visions and strategies to achieve common goals. The development of the Net-Map analysis tool is described. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the interviewbased mapping tool was adapted to fit in an online setting. Online meeting applications such as Microsoft Teams® and MIRO® were implemented to map the stakeholders and their relations in the society-policyscience (SPS) collaboration system in risk analysis of emerging food safety issues and to identify constraints in relations, resources, and capabilities. Food safety scenarios based on gobal challenges were selected based on the in-depth expert interviews (Deliverable 3.1). These were food safety concerns regarding emerging mycotoxins and recycled food contact materials (FCM). Several steps in mycotoxin risk analysis are incomplete due to e.g. lack of occurrence or toxicokinetic/toxicity data, lack of analytical techniques and lack of scientific knowledge. Therefore, this case of emerging mycotoxins was used to perform a Net-Map analysis to identify stakeholders involved in this risk analysis and how they interact. For the FCMs, the focus was put on packaging consisting of recycled paper or cardboard, as they have become increasingly important in the light of sustainability and circular economy. However, food safety challenges are related to these materials, making it a good model case to apply the Net-Map tool on. A Net-Map guidance protocol, including a standardized data reporting format, was distributed among the food safety hub (HUB) leaders. Pilot workshops with FS4EU consortium partners were held, enabling further refinement of the protocol. The final protocol has been made publicly available through the FS4EU website and can be applied in many other contexts. Next, four Net-Map workshops were carried out in the respective home countries of the HUB leaders. In Belgium (West HUB) and Finland (North HUB) the case of FCMs was implemented, while participants of Italy (South HUB) and the Czech Republic (East HUB) worked on the emerging mycotoxins case. First, stakeholders and their main goals in mycotoxin/FCM risk analysis were identified. The next step was to characterise how the stakeholders were linked in the system, followed by an assessment on how influential the stakeholders were. Finally a discussion took place on constraints compromising the risk analysis. The workshops resulted in complex Net-Maps, visualizing how the SPS collaboration system regarding risk analysis of the aforementioned food safety issues is set up in each country. The most prominent stakeholders who take up a central role in the risk analysis process were identified. Many linkages between stakeholders were revealed, going from information sharing (legally required or voluntary), data requesting or communicating to the public. Moreover, in every country, constraints related to these linkages could be identified. These constraints, such as lack of resources or communication issues can be used to define needs for improvements in the current SPS collaboration system. While the initial results are already very interesting to discuss, further validation and verification of the obtained conclusions is needed.

Higher education is constantly changing, both in relation to the characteristics of the different agents that constitute it (particularly teachers and students) and in relation to the particular experiences from this formative context. With the Covid-19 pandemic, new pedagogical challenges have emerged due to what were the emergency circumstances that we all experienced. Classrooms and teaching dynamics inevitably had to reinvent themselves, to get closer to the specific references and practices of distance teaching and learning. With this chapter, the authors present a plural set of experiences developed during their teaching experiences. Through reflection on these practices, five areas that were established as variables with special pedagogical value: i) availability of teachers and students; ii) programmatic content as a mean and not an end; iii) the centrality of interaction between peers; iv) the plurality of resources and perspectives and v) evaluation at the service of learning.

Il titolo originale del testo, “Il mutuo appoggio” è una citazione esplicita del testo del naturalista e filosofo russo Peter Kropotkin “Il mutuo appoggio, un fattore dell'evoluzione” del 1902 e vuole rappresentare, al tempo stesso, un’adesione a questa corrente di pensiero. Se le teorie evoluzionistiche occidentali sono state segnate dal pensiero dell’evoluzione competitiva darwiniana, basata su un individualismo spinto, Kropotkin, il cui pensiero è molto diffuso nella penisola iberica e nei paesi mediterranei e sud americani, sostiene che il mutuo appoggio fornisca vantaggi pratici per la sopravvivenza delle comunità, sia di quella umana che di altre specie, e che, tanto quanto la coscienza morale, sia stata premiata dalla selezione naturale. La pandemia da Covid-19 ha evidenziato le molteplici vulnerabilità di cui soffre l’umanità contemporanea. L’espansione del virus ha provocato, in soli due anni, più di 418 milioni di contagi e circa 6 milioni di decessi in tutto il mondo fino a febbraio 2022. Tuttavia, la pandemia ha evidenziato, al tempo stesso, la forza delle nostre società. L'iniziativa SOLIVID è nata proprio per dare supporto, dall’ambito universitario, alle pratiche solidali della cittadinanza. Il presente volume riassume i risultati di questo impegno e integrato con i contributi dei gruppi di ricerca che hanno partecipato all’iniziativa. In questa introduzione si espongono le sue origini, la diffusione, il funzionamento della rete, la metodologia seguita e i principali risultati ottenuti. Infine, si presentano i contributi che costituiscono i capitoli del libro.

The current situation of healthcare units is characterised by the increasing cost of providing the respective care, the consequent deterioration of the financial situation, and the complicated and time-consuming processes. Together with rising demand, they may become factors contributing to a decrease in service demand. Due to this situation, more efficient and effective logistics and supply chain management are widely recognised as one of the main areas for improvement. To provide insight on which areas to improve, several objectives were looked at in this work, including the analysis of the methods and criteria for the selection of medicines in hospital pharmacies, the definition of obstacles to the rational management of stocks, and the analysis of historical data to forecast future demand for a Portuguese public hospital. The study revealed that some of the 1346 products present on the pharmacy’s ERP do not have sufficient historical data to create an accurate forecast. In this context, and with a service level of 95%, 41% of products have a stock higher than what should be the maximum stock, amounting to approximately € 147.908.87 in fixed assets, and 11% of products were at risk of being out of stock at the time. The importance of the evolution of the core information system of hospitals was at stake, ensuring the technological sustainability of the ongoing digital transformation, alignment with ICT rationalisation measures, improvement of customer service, and improvement of the quality of information available to the user.

Available studies and reports, as well as real-time experiences, attest to profound, extensive, long-lasting effects on the supply chain caused by the pandemic. It is thus paramount to rethink the supply chain for medication and health care supplies to build a more resilient and adaptable management process. Data obtained from the NHS portal monthly reports from January 2017 to August 2020 – indicates that at the hospital level the impact was felt the most on the scheduling of medical appointments and prescriptions. Two forecasting methods were selected for this study: Simple Linear Regression and Holt-Winters with the trend and additive seasonality. There was a change in the behavior of hospital patients in the first year of COVID-19 pandemics. This change was shown in two main indicators, the number of hospital consultations and medication expenses. This changed behavior resulted in a decrease in demand for scheduled hospital services, 1.9M less than would be expected under normal conditions, and a foreseeable increase of €432M in the consumption of medicines in the last quarter of 2020, €103M more than in the same period. from the previous year.

These files include the survey questions for data collection as well as the 6 messaging appeals used in this research project.

Background Early reports on the pandemic nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) directed the nephrology community to develop infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance. We aimed to make an inventory of strategies that dialysis centres followed to prevent infection with COVID-19 in the first pandemic wave. Methods We analyzed IPC measures taken by hemodialysis centres treating patients presenting with COVID-19 between 1 March 2020 and 31 July 2020 and that completed the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database centre questionnaire. Additionally, we made an inventory of guidelines published in European countries to prevent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in dialysis centres. Results Data from 73 dialysis units located in and bordering Europe were analyzed. All participating centres implemented IPC measures to mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 during the first pandemic wave. Measures mentioned most often included triage with questions before entering the dialysis ward, measuring body temperature, hand disinfection, masking for all patients and staff, and personal protective equipment for staff members. These measures were also recommended in most of the 14 guidelines that were identified in the inventory of national guidelines and were also scored as being among the most important measures by the authors of this paper. Heterogeneity existed between centres and national guidelines regarding the minimal distance between dialysis chairs and recommendations regarding isolation and cohorting. Conclusions Although variation existed, measures to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were relatively similar across centres and national guidelines. Further research is needed to assess causal relationships between measures taken and spread of SARS-CoV-2.