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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianPavić, Branko;Pavić, Branko;Reciklikliranje materijala i njihova ponovna uporaba u građevinskoj industriji potakla je na razmišljanje i provođenje brojnih istraživanja veliku većinu zemalja u svijetu pa tako i Hrvatsku, u svrhu smanjenja utjecaja na onečišćenje okiliša, smanjenja potrošnje energije i stvaranja stakleničkih plinova, zauzimanja velikih površina za nova odlagališta, smanjenja eksploatacije prirodnih resursa itd. vodeći se takvim razmišljanjem, u ovom diplomskom radu provedena su eksperimentalna ispitivanja svojstava morta s upotrebom recikliranih materijala poput ljuskr kokošijih jaja, usitnjene gume i mljevene pune glinene opeke. Opisana su i prikazana svojstva morta s dodatkom recikliranih materijala u svježem i očvrslom stanju, te su također ptovedena ispitivanja tlačne čvrstoće zidnog elementa pune glinene opeke i posmične čvrstoće nearmiranog ziđa postupkom ispitivanja triju opeka. Nakon provedenih ispitivanja može se taključiti kako uporaba recikliranih materijala primijrnjenih u ovom diplpmskom radu pri izradi morta za zidanje ima veliki potencijal kao zamjena za priridni agregat samo ako se dodaju u optimalnim količinama.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::da477581d607aadef285783809bfb8dd&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianMiholić, Krunoslav;Miholić, Krunoslav;The paper describes the quality management system, and the relevant documentation in the construction sector, which is divided into general, which is applied in all projects on which the company works, and specific, which is applied to each individual project. The legislative framework and technical regulations were analyzed. Certification of the quality management system is not mandatory by law, but today's market imposes on companies the need to introduce a quality system for competitiveness. The paper describes the mandatory content and equipment of construction projects. There are several approaches to the quality management system, the best known being the system based on the requirements of the HRN EN ISO 9001 Series of quality management systems - Requirements. The paper analyzes the standard HRN EN ISO 10005 Quality Management Systems - Guidelines for quality plans, which contains instructions and guidelines for the development of quality plans. The law prescribes the development of a control and quality assurance program that is an integral part of the main construction project. The quality plan and its content are analyzed, its role in achieving quality during the execution of reinforced concrete works as part of the quality management system of a particular contractor is presented. The quality plan plans, ensures and demonstrates the scope and methods of quality assurance that the contractor plans to undertake. With the quality plan, the contractor elaborates to the designer and the investor on how to carry out quality control and how to document it and achieve the required level of quality required by the project. In a construction project, such a plan ensures the completion of the project within the agreed time and the envisaged financial resources, efficient spending of resources, meeting the designed and prescribed technical conditions in accordance with the requirements of the client and investors. Rad opisuje sustav upravljanja kvalitetom, te odgovarajuću dokumentaciju u građevinskom sektoru koja se dijeli na opću koja se primjenjuje u svim projektima na kojima poduzeće radi i na specifičnu, koja se primjenjuje za svaki pojedini projekt. Analiziran je zakonodavni okvir i tehnički propisi. Zakonom nije obvezno certificiranje sustava upravljanja kvalitetom, ali današnje tržište nameće poduzećima potrebu za uvođenjem sustava kvalitete radi konkurentnosti. U radu se opisuje obvezan sadržaj i opremanje projekata građevina. Postoje više pristupa sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom, a najpoznatiji je sustav koji se temelji na zahtjevima normi niza HRN EN ISO 9001 Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom - Zahtjevi Kroz rad je analizirana norma HRN EN ISO 10005 Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom - Smjernice za planove kvalitete koja sadrži upute i smjernice za izradu plana kvalitete. Zakon propisuje izradu programa kontrole i osiguranje kvalitete, a on čini sastavni dio glavnog projekta. Analiziran je plan kvalitete i njegov sadržaj, prikazuje se njegova uloga u postizanju kvalitete za vrijeme izvođenja armiranobetonskih radova kao dio sustava upravljanja kvalitetom određenog izvođača na primjeru izgradnje Ville Zinke u Lipiku (Villa dobre vode). Planom kvalitete se planira, osigurava i prikazuje opseg i metode osiguranja kvalitete koje izvođač planira poduzeti. Izvođač planom kvalitete elaborira projektantu i investitoru na koji način će provesti kontrolu kvalitete i na koji način će to dokumentirati te ostvariti zahtijevanu razinu kvalitete traženu projektom. U građevinskom projektu pomoću plana kvalitete osigurava se završetak projekta u ugovorenom roku i predviđenim financijskim sredstvima, učinkovito trošenje resursa, zadovoljavanje projektiranih i propisanih tehničkih uvjeta u skladu zahtjevima naručitelja i investitora.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::09af7a1eb51768056b2dc67a884810f6&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianIvanković, Tadija;Ivanković, Tadija;The construction site development plan envisages work processes in advance. The paper defines the elements of construction site that need to be dimensioned and arranged in the safest and most functional way possible. The characteristics and the way and importance of interconnecting the elements are described. In the practical part of the paper, the existing construction site schemes are analyzed, and according to the defined criteria, there is a proposal to improve safety, optimize work and reduce construction costs. Planom uređenja gradilišta se predviđaju radni procesi. U radu su definirani elementi gradilišta koje treba dimenzionirati i rasporediti na što sigurniji i funkcionalniji način. Opisane su karakteristike te način i važnost međusobnog povezivanja elemenata. U praktičnom dijelu rada su analizirane postojeće sheme gradilišta, te je prema definiranim kriterijima dan prijedlog poboljšanja sigurnosti, optimizacije rada i smanjenje troškova građenja.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::5a3b8ebbe6214ba850eb7d82c5dc8220&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianPavošević, Željko;Pavošević, Željko;U okviru specijalističkog diplomskog rada govori se o problematici laguna bioplinskih postrojenja te njihovoj izvedbi. Težište rada je usmjereno na izvedbu laguna s aspekta geotehnike. Izvršen je pregled propisa potrebnih za izradu projekta laguna. Opisani su zahtjevi koje trebaju ispunjavati tla od kojih se grade lagune kao i uporaba geosintetičkih materijala potrebnih za izgradnju laguna. Objašnjeni su glavni zahtjevi kod projektiranja i izvedbe laguna. Geostatičkim proračunima se kontroliraju moguće situacije u kojoj se građevina može naći pri izgradnji i uporabi. Uzima se u obzir nepovoljno djelovanje podzemnih ili procjednih voda. Građevina mora ispunjavati sve bitne zahtjeve za građevinu prema propisima, što se provjerava proračunima odnosno projektom. Glavni zahtjevi su otpornost, stabilnost građevine te sigurnost za uporabu. Ukoliko proračunima nije moguće dokazati da primjenom prirodnih materijala (tlo) budu zadovoljeni bitni zahtjevi (npr. nepropusnost), najčešće moguće i ekonomski prihvatljivo rješenje je primjena geosintetika. U okviru rada prikazani su neki uzroci oštećenja koji se pojavljuju na geosintetičkim membranama (goemembrana) koje se koriste za osiguranje nepropusnosti. Oštećenja se mogu pažljivim projektiranjem i izvedbom većim dijelom prevenirati. U radu je opisana izvedba laguna te su prikazani detalji na koje pri izvedbi treba obratiti pozornost. Opisani su kontrolni radovi tijekom izvedbe, kao i kontrole koje je potrebno provoditi tijekom upotrebe.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::84788ac6d813c69087c4e4c7d66bd63c&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianAntolović, Marinko;Antolović, Marinko;This paper describes the concept of quality and quality management system in the construction organization and in general in organizations and documents the resulting documentation. The standards HRN EN ISO 9001, HRN ISO 10005 and HRN ISO / TR 10013 are also described, as well as their requirements. The practical part describes the content of the Quality Plan, the legislative framework that should be followed during the preparation of the plan and the records that are created during the execution of concrete works during the construction works. The law does not prescribe the obligation to introduce a quality management system in the organization, but its application achieves significant results aimed at customer or investor satisfaction in our case, which aims to obtain a quality building. The HRN EN ISO 9001 standard is used to meet the needs within the organization and to improve the existing quality management system regardless of size or activity, as well as for contractual purposes.HRN ISO 10005 and HRN ISO / TR 10013 are in fact guidelines for the development of the Quality Plan and Quality Manual. The performance quality plan clearly defines the content that is planned, provided and describes the quality control methods that the contractor will apply in the construction of the specific building for which the plan was made. The performance quality plan significantly facilitates the work of the contractor and ensures that the goal is to get quality work done. Records are documents that are created documenting all the activities performed that occur during the construction of the building. They must be easy to read, properly archived and stored. Ovim radom se opisuje pojam kvalitete i sustava upravljanja kvalitetom u graĊevinskoj organizaciji i općenito u organizacijama te dokumentiranje dokumentacije koja nastaje. Opisane su i norme HRN EN ISO 9001, HRN ISO 10005 te HRN ISO/TR 10013 kao i njihovi zahtjevi. U praktiĉnom dijelu je na konkretnom primjerku opisan sadrţaj Plana kvalitete, zakonodavni okvir kojeg se prilikom izrade plana treba drţati te zapisi koji nastaju za vrijeme izvoĊenja betonskih radova prilikom izvoĊenja graĊevinskih radova. Zakonom nije propisana obveza uvoĊenja sustava upravljanja kvalitetom u organizaciji, ali se njegovom primjenom postiţu znaĉajni rezultati koji za cilj imaju zadovoljstvo korisnika ili investitora u našem sluĉaju, kojem je cilj da dobije kvalitetno izgraĊenu graĊevinu. Norma HRN EN ISO 9001 koristi se za ostvarivanje potreba unutar organizacije te poboljšavanje postojećeg sustava upravljanja kvalitete bez obzira na veliĉinu ili djelatnost, kao i za ugovorne svrhe. Norme HRN ISO 10005 i HRN ISO/TR 10013 su zapravo smjernice za izradu Plana kvalitete i Priruĉnika kvalitete. Planom kvalitete izvedbe se jasno definiran sadrţaj koji se planira, osigurava i opisuju metode kontrole kvalitete koje će izvoĊaĉ radova primijeniti u izgradnji konkretne graĊevine za koju se plan i napravio. Plan kvalitete izvedbe znaĉajno olakšava posao izvoĊaĉu te osigurava da za cilj dobije kvalitetno napravljene radove. Zapisi su dokumenti koji nastaju dokumentirajući sve izvršene aktivnosti koje nastaju prilikom izvedbe graĊevine. Moraju biti lako ĉitljivi, pravilno arhivirani te pohranjeni.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::faa641305f47497419220e9fbf694cc5&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianFeher, Matej;Feher, Matej;Maintenance is of great importance in the life-cycle of a building, unfortunately often neglected. In order to point out the importance of maintenance, a plan for maintenance and operation costs for a period of 35 years have been made for the residential-business building in question. The net present value of costs was calculated at a discount rate of 3%. With regard to its purpose, the distribution of maintenance and use costs according to the purpose of its premises was made, to costs of common, residential and business areas. A comparison of these divisions was made for all types of maintenance and use costs, with analysis and graphical representations. Finally, a cost sensitivity analysis was made by varying the analysis period of 35 years by ± 15 years and by varying the discount rate of 3% by ± 1. The results obtained by varying input variables were compared and presented graphically. Održavanje je vrlo bitna stavka životnog vijeka građevine, nažalost često zanemarena. Kako bi se ukazalo na značaj održavanja, za predmetnu građevinu stambeno-poslovne namjene izrađen je plan troškova održavanja i eksploatacije za vremensko razdoblje od 35 godina. Neto sadašnja vrijednost troškova izračunata je s diskontom stopom od 3%. S obzirom na njenu namjenu napravljena je podjela troškova održavanja i uporabe prema namjeni njenih prostora, na troškove zajedničkih, stambenih te poslovnih prostora. Napravljena je usporedba tih podjela za sve vrste troškova održavanja i uporabe, uz analizu i grafičke prikaze. Naposljetku, napravljena je analiza osjetljivosti troškova variranjem razdoblja analize od 35 godina za ±15 godina te variranjem diskontne stope od 3% za ±1. Rezultati dobiveni variranjem ulaznih varijabli uspoređeni su i prikazani grafički.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::1e8a7cb41fbbbaae226dfe6c5d247435&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianČuković, Martin;Čuković, Martin;The project documentation of the reinforced concrete frame structure was prepared with a specialist diploma thesis. The load-bearing elements, foundations, columns and connecting beams are made on site, while the roof girders are prefabricated and delivered to the installation site, and then installed on the already made columns. The required protective layers were calculated, as well as the lengths of overlap and anchoring for individual structural elements. The reinforcement plan with the given bar diameters and the formwork plan are given at the end of this paper. Specijalističkim diplomskim radom izrađena je izvedbena dokumentacija armiranobetonske okvirne konstrukcije. Nosivi elementi, temelji, stupovi i vezne grede izvode se na licu mjesta, dok su krovni nosači predgotovljeni i dostavljaju se na mjesto ugradnje, te se potom ugrađuju na već izvedene stupove. Proračunati su potrebni zaštitni slojevi, kao i duljine preklapanja i sidrenja za pojedine konstruktivne elemente. Plan armature sa zadanim promjerima šipki i plan oplate dani su na kraju ovoga rada.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::ebc58f6af4ea024b255d49957526b1f8&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianNovosel, Dejan;Novosel, Dejan;Each building has its own service life, which needs to be defined already at the design stage. The life cycle of a building consists of a construction phase, a use phase, and a decommissioning phase. Each of these phases has its own costs which summed together represent the life cycle costs of the building. The longest duration and largest costs of those phases have the operation phase. To extend the service life of the building, as much as possible, proper maintenance measures need to be implemented. Building maintenance is a set of activities that are used to monitor the condition and seek to preserve the purpose of the building. Since the operation and maintenance costs of buildings make a significant cost, it is necessary to develop a high-quality maintenance plan that can insure and guarantee the reduction of costs. Experience to date has shown that the execution of works according to the rules of the profession and the installation of new materials can affect the total cost of maintenance of buildings. The aim of this paper is to make a plan and analysis of the costs of maintenance and operation of a public building for a period of 25 years, i.e. from 2022. to 2046. The characteristic groups of maintenance and operation costs of the building are presented, as well as the way in which changes in parameters such as the analysis period and the discount rate affect the total maintenance cost. Svaka građevina ima svoj uporabni vijek, koji je potrebno definirati već u fazi projektiranja. Životni vijek građevine sastoji se od izgradnje, uporabe i uklanjanja ili prenamjene građevine. Svaka od navedenih faza ima svoje troškove koji svi zajedno predstavljaju troškove životnog ciklusa građevine. Najduže trajanje i najveće troškove od navedenih faza ima faza uporabe. Kako bi se uporabni vijek građevine produžio, potrebno je pravilno provoditi mjere održavanja. Pod održavanjem građevina podrazumijeva se skup aktivnosti pomoću kojih se prati stanje i nastoji očuvati namjena građevine. Budući da uporaba i održavanje građevina iziskuju značajne troškove potrebno je izraditi kvalitetan plan održavanja kojim je moguće utjecati na smanjenje troškova. Dosadašnja praksa pokazala je kako se izvođenjem radova prema pravilima struke te ugradnjom novih materijala može utjecati na ukupne troškove održavanja građevina. Cilj ovog rada je napraviti plan i analizu troškova održavanja i eksploatacije zgrade javne namjene za razdoblje od 25 godina, odnosno za razdoblje od 2022. do 2046. godine. Dan je prikaz karakterističnih skupina troškova održavanja i uporabe građevine te je analizirano na koji način promjena parametara poput razdoblja analize i diskontne stope utječu na ukupne troškove održavanja.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::09e509828858c931cde96a16c5b24206&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianGelo, Matija;Gelo, Matija;U specijalističkom diplomskom radu proveden je proračun za idejno rješenje mosta preko kanala Vrbova. Most se sastoji od 2 prometna traka i pješačkog hodnika. Most je predviđen da se izvede od armiranogbetona, a beton je klase C25/30. U radu je napravljen plan i iskaz armature. Cjelokupni proračun je proveden prema EC.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::e46baef22601d4f9236511a08f1d219b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianZulumović, Ivica;Zulumović, Ivica;A large number of traditional houses in Slavonia and Baranja were built of earthen materials. Earth construction is widespread throughout the world, including within the borders of the Republic of Croatia. This work, for a start, gives an overview of earth structures and their origin. Then, the problem of damage to structures and structural elements made of rammed earth is considered. Since Croatian legislative and normative frameworks do not recognize rammed earth as a material that would be used in the construction or adaptation of houses and structures, this work describes the application of available New Zealand regulations NZS 4297:1998, NZS 4298:1998, NZS 4299:1998. In addition to New Zealand standards, the application of Croatian standards HRN EN 1998-3 and HRN EN 1504 is also covered. HRN EN 1998-3 deals with the design of seismic resistance of structures, while the standard HRN EN 1504 provides requirements and instructions for the use of grouts in the repair of concrete structures. HRN EN 1998-3 is applicable to all types of buildings, so there is no reason not to implement buildings made of earth in the same standard. In order to rehabilitate rammed earth buildings, injectable mortars are used, among other things, and can be included in the standard HRN EN 1504. Using the above New Zealand regulations, the procedures for designing rammed earth structures are described, as well as the requirements relevant for selection. materials and the construction of structures and structural elements of rammed earth. Then, materials for repair and protection of structures from rammed earth were processed, where materials such as products and systems for surface protection, earth-based and cement-based mortars, bitumen emulsions, jute, and carbon fibers were listed. Each of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages in the context of rehabilitation and reinforcement of structures made of rammed earth. Specifically, fibrous materials, whether natural (jute) or artificial (carbon fiber, steel mesh, tarpaulins) contribute to the horizontal stability of the wall, and prevent the appearance of cracks in the wall. Bitumen emulsions and bitumen can be used for the purpose of protecting earthen structures from water. Reinforcement with wooden elements enables an additional dose of rigidity of the structures made of rammed earth, and thus increases their resistance to seismic actions. It is very important to note that each of the materials increases the tensile strength of the elements of the rammed earth, which is, extremely important. Finally, the methods of repair and protection of structures from rammed earth with the help of the already mentioned materials are processed, and for each method, the advantages and disadvantages of the method are given. Veliki broj tradicijskih kuća u Slavoniji i Baranji izgrađen je od zemljanih materijala. Zemljana gradnja rasprostranjena je svijetom, pa tako i unutar granica Republike Hrvatske. Ovim radom dan je, za početak, osvrt na zemljane konstrukcije i njihovo porijeklo. Zatim, sagledan je problem nastanka oštećenja kod konstrukcija i konstrukcijskih elemenata od nabijene zemlje. Pošto hrvatski zakonodavni i normativni okviri ne prepoznaju nabijenu zemlju kao materijal koji bi se koristio prilikom gradnje ili adaptacije kuća i konstrukcija, u radu je opisana primjena dostupnih novozelandski normi NZS 4297:1998, NZS 4298:1998, NZS 4299:1998. Osim novozelandskih normi obrađena je i primjena hrvatskih normi HRN EN 1998-3, te HRN EN 1504. HRN EN 1998-3 bavi se projektiranjem potresne otpornosti konstrukcija, dok norma HRN EN 1504 daje zahtjeve i upute za korištenje injekcijskih smjesa pri saniranju betonskih konstrukcija. HRN EN 1998-3 je primjenjiva na sve vrste zgrada, pa ne postoji razlog da se u istu normu ne implementiraju i zgrade napravljene od zemlje. U svrhu sanacije zgrada od nabijene zemlje koriste se, između ostalog, mortovi na bazi zemlje koji se injektiraju, a mogu biti obuhvaćeni u normi HRN EN 1504. Koristeći navedene novozelandske norme opisani su postupci projektiranja konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje, kao i zahtjevi bitni za odabir materijala i samu izgradnju konstrukcija i konstrukcijskih elemenata od nabijene zemlje. Zatim su obrađeni materijali za sanaciju i zaštitu konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje, gdje su navedeni materijali kao što su proizvodi i sustavi za površinsku zaštitu, mortovi na bazi zemlje i na bazi cementa, bitumenske emulzije, juta, te karbonska vlakna. Svaki od ovih materijala ima svoje prednosti i mane u kontekstu sanacije i pojačanja konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje. Specifično govoreći, vlaknasti materijali, bili oni prirodni (juta) ili umjetni (karbonska vlakna, čelične mrežice, cerade) pridonose horizontalnoj stabilnosti zida, te sprječavaju pojavu pukotina u zidu. Bitumenske emulzije i bitumen mogu se koristiti u svrhe zaštite zemljanih konstrukcija od vode. Pojačanje drvenim elementima omogućuje dodatnu dozu krutosti konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje, te im samim time povećava i otpor na potresna djelovanja. Vrlo je bitno napomenuti da svaki od materijala povećava vlačnu čvrstoću elemenata od nabijene zemlje, što je, prijeko bitno. Na kraju su obrađene metode saniranja i zaštite konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje pomoću već navedenih materijala, te su za svaku metodu dane prednosti te metode i mane metode.
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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianPavić, Branko;Pavić, Branko;Reciklikliranje materijala i njihova ponovna uporaba u građevinskoj industriji potakla je na razmišljanje i provođenje brojnih istraživanja veliku većinu zemalja u svijetu pa tako i Hrvatsku, u svrhu smanjenja utjecaja na onečišćenje okiliša, smanjenja potrošnje energije i stvaranja stakleničkih plinova, zauzimanja velikih površina za nova odlagališta, smanjenja eksploatacije prirodnih resursa itd. vodeći se takvim razmišljanjem, u ovom diplomskom radu provedena su eksperimentalna ispitivanja svojstava morta s upotrebom recikliranih materijala poput ljuskr kokošijih jaja, usitnjene gume i mljevene pune glinene opeke. Opisana su i prikazana svojstva morta s dodatkom recikliranih materijala u svježem i očvrslom stanju, te su također ptovedena ispitivanja tlačne čvrstoće zidnog elementa pune glinene opeke i posmične čvrstoće nearmiranog ziđa postupkom ispitivanja triju opeka. Nakon provedenih ispitivanja može se taključiti kako uporaba recikliranih materijala primijrnjenih u ovom diplpmskom radu pri izradi morta za zidanje ima veliki potencijal kao zamjena za priridni agregat samo ako se dodaju u optimalnim količinama.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::da477581d607aadef285783809bfb8dd&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianMiholić, Krunoslav;Miholić, Krunoslav;The paper describes the quality management system, and the relevant documentation in the construction sector, which is divided into general, which is applied in all projects on which the company works, and specific, which is applied to each individual project. The legislative framework and technical regulations were analyzed. Certification of the quality management system is not mandatory by law, but today's market imposes on companies the need to introduce a quality system for competitiveness. The paper describes the mandatory content and equipment of construction projects. There are several approaches to the quality management system, the best known being the system based on the requirements of the HRN EN ISO 9001 Series of quality management systems - Requirements. The paper analyzes the standard HRN EN ISO 10005 Quality Management Systems - Guidelines for quality plans, which contains instructions and guidelines for the development of quality plans. The law prescribes the development of a control and quality assurance program that is an integral part of the main construction project. The quality plan and its content are analyzed, its role in achieving quality during the execution of reinforced concrete works as part of the quality management system of a particular contractor is presented. The quality plan plans, ensures and demonstrates the scope and methods of quality assurance that the contractor plans to undertake. With the quality plan, the contractor elaborates to the designer and the investor on how to carry out quality control and how to document it and achieve the required level of quality required by the project. In a construction project, such a plan ensures the completion of the project within the agreed time and the envisaged financial resources, efficient spending of resources, meeting the designed and prescribed technical conditions in accordance with the requirements of the client and investors. Rad opisuje sustav upravljanja kvalitetom, te odgovarajuću dokumentaciju u građevinskom sektoru koja se dijeli na opću koja se primjenjuje u svim projektima na kojima poduzeće radi i na specifičnu, koja se primjenjuje za svaki pojedini projekt. Analiziran je zakonodavni okvir i tehnički propisi. Zakonom nije obvezno certificiranje sustava upravljanja kvalitetom, ali današnje tržište nameće poduzećima potrebu za uvođenjem sustava kvalitete radi konkurentnosti. U radu se opisuje obvezan sadržaj i opremanje projekata građevina. Postoje više pristupa sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom, a najpoznatiji je sustav koji se temelji na zahtjevima normi niza HRN EN ISO 9001 Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom - Zahtjevi Kroz rad je analizirana norma HRN EN ISO 10005 Sustavi upravljanja kvalitetom - Smjernice za planove kvalitete koja sadrži upute i smjernice za izradu plana kvalitete. Zakon propisuje izradu programa kontrole i osiguranje kvalitete, a on čini sastavni dio glavnog projekta. Analiziran je plan kvalitete i njegov sadržaj, prikazuje se njegova uloga u postizanju kvalitete za vrijeme izvođenja armiranobetonskih radova kao dio sustava upravljanja kvalitetom određenog izvođača na primjeru izgradnje Ville Zinke u Lipiku (Villa dobre vode). Planom kvalitete se planira, osigurava i prikazuje opseg i metode osiguranja kvalitete koje izvođač planira poduzeti. Izvođač planom kvalitete elaborira projektantu i investitoru na koji način će provesti kontrolu kvalitete i na koji način će to dokumentirati te ostvariti zahtijevanu razinu kvalitete traženu projektom. U građevinskom projektu pomoću plana kvalitete osigurava se završetak projekta u ugovorenom roku i predviđenim financijskim sredstvima, učinkovito trošenje resursa, zadovoljavanje projektiranih i propisanih tehničkih uvjeta u skladu zahtjevima naručitelja i investitora.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::09af7a1eb51768056b2dc67a884810f6&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianIvanković, Tadija;Ivanković, Tadija;The construction site development plan envisages work processes in advance. The paper defines the elements of construction site that need to be dimensioned and arranged in the safest and most functional way possible. The characteristics and the way and importance of interconnecting the elements are described. In the practical part of the paper, the existing construction site schemes are analyzed, and according to the defined criteria, there is a proposal to improve safety, optimize work and reduce construction costs. Planom uređenja gradilišta se predviđaju radni procesi. U radu su definirani elementi gradilišta koje treba dimenzionirati i rasporediti na što sigurniji i funkcionalniji način. Opisane su karakteristike te način i važnost međusobnog povezivanja elemenata. U praktičnom dijelu rada su analizirane postojeće sheme gradilišta, te je prema definiranim kriterijima dan prijedlog poboljšanja sigurnosti, optimizacije rada i smanjenje troškova građenja.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianPavošević, Željko;Pavošević, Željko;U okviru specijalističkog diplomskog rada govori se o problematici laguna bioplinskih postrojenja te njihovoj izvedbi. Težište rada je usmjereno na izvedbu laguna s aspekta geotehnike. Izvršen je pregled propisa potrebnih za izradu projekta laguna. Opisani su zahtjevi koje trebaju ispunjavati tla od kojih se grade lagune kao i uporaba geosintetičkih materijala potrebnih za izgradnju laguna. Objašnjeni su glavni zahtjevi kod projektiranja i izvedbe laguna. Geostatičkim proračunima se kontroliraju moguće situacije u kojoj se građevina može naći pri izgradnji i uporabi. Uzima se u obzir nepovoljno djelovanje podzemnih ili procjednih voda. Građevina mora ispunjavati sve bitne zahtjeve za građevinu prema propisima, što se provjerava proračunima odnosno projektom. Glavni zahtjevi su otpornost, stabilnost građevine te sigurnost za uporabu. Ukoliko proračunima nije moguće dokazati da primjenom prirodnih materijala (tlo) budu zadovoljeni bitni zahtjevi (npr. nepropusnost), najčešće moguće i ekonomski prihvatljivo rješenje je primjena geosintetika. U okviru rada prikazani su neki uzroci oštećenja koji se pojavljuju na geosintetičkim membranama (goemembrana) koje se koriste za osiguranje nepropusnosti. Oštećenja se mogu pažljivim projektiranjem i izvedbom većim dijelom prevenirati. U radu je opisana izvedba laguna te su prikazani detalji na koje pri izvedbi treba obratiti pozornost. Opisani su kontrolni radovi tijekom izvedbe, kao i kontrole koje je potrebno provoditi tijekom upotrebe.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianAntolović, Marinko;Antolović, Marinko;This paper describes the concept of quality and quality management system in the construction organization and in general in organizations and documents the resulting documentation. The standards HRN EN ISO 9001, HRN ISO 10005 and HRN ISO / TR 10013 are also described, as well as their requirements. The practical part describes the content of the Quality Plan, the legislative framework that should be followed during the preparation of the plan and the records that are created during the execution of concrete works during the construction works. The law does not prescribe the obligation to introduce a quality management system in the organization, but its application achieves significant results aimed at customer or investor satisfaction in our case, which aims to obtain a quality building. The HRN EN ISO 9001 standard is used to meet the needs within the organization and to improve the existing quality management system regardless of size or activity, as well as for contractual purposes.HRN ISO 10005 and HRN ISO / TR 10013 are in fact guidelines for the development of the Quality Plan and Quality Manual. The performance quality plan clearly defines the content that is planned, provided and describes the quality control methods that the contractor will apply in the construction of the specific building for which the plan was made. The performance quality plan significantly facilitates the work of the contractor and ensures that the goal is to get quality work done. Records are documents that are created documenting all the activities performed that occur during the construction of the building. They must be easy to read, properly archived and stored. Ovim radom se opisuje pojam kvalitete i sustava upravljanja kvalitetom u graĊevinskoj organizaciji i općenito u organizacijama te dokumentiranje dokumentacije koja nastaje. Opisane su i norme HRN EN ISO 9001, HRN ISO 10005 te HRN ISO/TR 10013 kao i njihovi zahtjevi. U praktiĉnom dijelu je na konkretnom primjerku opisan sadrţaj Plana kvalitete, zakonodavni okvir kojeg se prilikom izrade plana treba drţati te zapisi koji nastaju za vrijeme izvoĊenja betonskih radova prilikom izvoĊenja graĊevinskih radova. Zakonom nije propisana obveza uvoĊenja sustava upravljanja kvalitetom u organizaciji, ali se njegovom primjenom postiţu znaĉajni rezultati koji za cilj imaju zadovoljstvo korisnika ili investitora u našem sluĉaju, kojem je cilj da dobije kvalitetno izgraĊenu graĊevinu. Norma HRN EN ISO 9001 koristi se za ostvarivanje potreba unutar organizacije te poboljšavanje postojećeg sustava upravljanja kvalitete bez obzira na veliĉinu ili djelatnost, kao i za ugovorne svrhe. Norme HRN ISO 10005 i HRN ISO/TR 10013 su zapravo smjernice za izradu Plana kvalitete i Priruĉnika kvalitete. Planom kvalitete izvedbe se jasno definiran sadrţaj koji se planira, osigurava i opisuju metode kontrole kvalitete koje će izvoĊaĉ radova primijeniti u izgradnji konkretne graĊevine za koju se plan i napravio. Plan kvalitete izvedbe znaĉajno olakšava posao izvoĊaĉu te osigurava da za cilj dobije kvalitetno napravljene radove. Zapisi su dokumenti koji nastaju dokumentirajući sve izvršene aktivnosti koje nastaju prilikom izvedbe graĊevine. Moraju biti lako ĉitljivi, pravilno arhivirani te pohranjeni.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianFeher, Matej;Feher, Matej;Maintenance is of great importance in the life-cycle of a building, unfortunately often neglected. In order to point out the importance of maintenance, a plan for maintenance and operation costs for a period of 35 years have been made for the residential-business building in question. The net present value of costs was calculated at a discount rate of 3%. With regard to its purpose, the distribution of maintenance and use costs according to the purpose of its premises was made, to costs of common, residential and business areas. A comparison of these divisions was made for all types of maintenance and use costs, with analysis and graphical representations. Finally, a cost sensitivity analysis was made by varying the analysis period of 35 years by ± 15 years and by varying the discount rate of 3% by ± 1. The results obtained by varying input variables were compared and presented graphically. Održavanje je vrlo bitna stavka životnog vijeka građevine, nažalost često zanemarena. Kako bi se ukazalo na značaj održavanja, za predmetnu građevinu stambeno-poslovne namjene izrađen je plan troškova održavanja i eksploatacije za vremensko razdoblje od 35 godina. Neto sadašnja vrijednost troškova izračunata je s diskontom stopom od 3%. S obzirom na njenu namjenu napravljena je podjela troškova održavanja i uporabe prema namjeni njenih prostora, na troškove zajedničkih, stambenih te poslovnih prostora. Napravljena je usporedba tih podjela za sve vrste troškova održavanja i uporabe, uz analizu i grafičke prikaze. Naposljetku, napravljena je analiza osjetljivosti troškova variranjem razdoblja analize od 35 godina za ±15 godina te variranjem diskontne stope od 3% za ±1. Rezultati dobiveni variranjem ulaznih varijabli uspoređeni su i prikazani grafički.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianČuković, Martin;Čuković, Martin;The project documentation of the reinforced concrete frame structure was prepared with a specialist diploma thesis. The load-bearing elements, foundations, columns and connecting beams are made on site, while the roof girders are prefabricated and delivered to the installation site, and then installed on the already made columns. The required protective layers were calculated, as well as the lengths of overlap and anchoring for individual structural elements. The reinforcement plan with the given bar diameters and the formwork plan are given at the end of this paper. Specijalističkim diplomskim radom izrađena je izvedbena dokumentacija armiranobetonske okvirne konstrukcije. Nosivi elementi, temelji, stupovi i vezne grede izvode se na licu mjesta, dok su krovni nosači predgotovljeni i dostavljaju se na mjesto ugradnje, te se potom ugrađuju na već izvedene stupove. Proračunati su potrebni zaštitni slojevi, kao i duljine preklapanja i sidrenja za pojedine konstruktivne elemente. Plan armature sa zadanim promjerima šipki i plan oplate dani su na kraju ovoga rada.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::ebc58f6af4ea024b255d49957526b1f8&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianNovosel, Dejan;Novosel, Dejan;Each building has its own service life, which needs to be defined already at the design stage. The life cycle of a building consists of a construction phase, a use phase, and a decommissioning phase. Each of these phases has its own costs which summed together represent the life cycle costs of the building. The longest duration and largest costs of those phases have the operation phase. To extend the service life of the building, as much as possible, proper maintenance measures need to be implemented. Building maintenance is a set of activities that are used to monitor the condition and seek to preserve the purpose of the building. Since the operation and maintenance costs of buildings make a significant cost, it is necessary to develop a high-quality maintenance plan that can insure and guarantee the reduction of costs. Experience to date has shown that the execution of works according to the rules of the profession and the installation of new materials can affect the total cost of maintenance of buildings. The aim of this paper is to make a plan and analysis of the costs of maintenance and operation of a public building for a period of 25 years, i.e. from 2022. to 2046. The characteristic groups of maintenance and operation costs of the building are presented, as well as the way in which changes in parameters such as the analysis period and the discount rate affect the total maintenance cost. Svaka građevina ima svoj uporabni vijek, koji je potrebno definirati već u fazi projektiranja. Životni vijek građevine sastoji se od izgradnje, uporabe i uklanjanja ili prenamjene građevine. Svaka od navedenih faza ima svoje troškove koji svi zajedno predstavljaju troškove životnog ciklusa građevine. Najduže trajanje i najveće troškove od navedenih faza ima faza uporabe. Kako bi se uporabni vijek građevine produžio, potrebno je pravilno provoditi mjere održavanja. Pod održavanjem građevina podrazumijeva se skup aktivnosti pomoću kojih se prati stanje i nastoji očuvati namjena građevine. Budući da uporaba i održavanje građevina iziskuju značajne troškove potrebno je izraditi kvalitetan plan održavanja kojim je moguće utjecati na smanjenje troškova. Dosadašnja praksa pokazala je kako se izvođenjem radova prema pravilima struke te ugradnjom novih materijala može utjecati na ukupne troškove održavanja građevina. Cilj ovog rada je napraviti plan i analizu troškova održavanja i eksploatacije zgrade javne namjene za razdoblje od 25 godina, odnosno za razdoblje od 2022. do 2046. godine. Dan je prikaz karakterističnih skupina troškova održavanja i uporabe građevine te je analizirano na koji način promjena parametara poput razdoblja analize i diskontne stope utječu na ukupne troškove održavanja.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::09e509828858c931cde96a16c5b24206&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianGelo, Matija;Gelo, Matija;U specijalističkom diplomskom radu proveden je proračun za idejno rješenje mosta preko kanala Vrbova. Most se sastoji od 2 prometna traka i pješačkog hodnika. Most je predviđen da se izvede od armiranogbetona, a beton je klase C25/30. U radu je napravljen plan i iskaz armature. Cjelokupni proračun je proveden prema EC.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::e46baef22601d4f9236511a08f1d219b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2021 Croatia CroatianZulumović, Ivica;Zulumović, Ivica;A large number of traditional houses in Slavonia and Baranja were built of earthen materials. Earth construction is widespread throughout the world, including within the borders of the Republic of Croatia. This work, for a start, gives an overview of earth structures and their origin. Then, the problem of damage to structures and structural elements made of rammed earth is considered. Since Croatian legislative and normative frameworks do not recognize rammed earth as a material that would be used in the construction or adaptation of houses and structures, this work describes the application of available New Zealand regulations NZS 4297:1998, NZS 4298:1998, NZS 4299:1998. In addition to New Zealand standards, the application of Croatian standards HRN EN 1998-3 and HRN EN 1504 is also covered. HRN EN 1998-3 deals with the design of seismic resistance of structures, while the standard HRN EN 1504 provides requirements and instructions for the use of grouts in the repair of concrete structures. HRN EN 1998-3 is applicable to all types of buildings, so there is no reason not to implement buildings made of earth in the same standard. In order to rehabilitate rammed earth buildings, injectable mortars are used, among other things, and can be included in the standard HRN EN 1504. Using the above New Zealand regulations, the procedures for designing rammed earth structures are described, as well as the requirements relevant for selection. materials and the construction of structures and structural elements of rammed earth. Then, materials for repair and protection of structures from rammed earth were processed, where materials such as products and systems for surface protection, earth-based and cement-based mortars, bitumen emulsions, jute, and carbon fibers were listed. Each of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages in the context of rehabilitation and reinforcement of structures made of rammed earth. Specifically, fibrous materials, whether natural (jute) or artificial (carbon fiber, steel mesh, tarpaulins) contribute to the horizontal stability of the wall, and prevent the appearance of cracks in the wall. Bitumen emulsions and bitumen can be used for the purpose of protecting earthen structures from water. Reinforcement with wooden elements enables an additional dose of rigidity of the structures made of rammed earth, and thus increases their resistance to seismic actions. It is very important to note that each of the materials increases the tensile strength of the elements of the rammed earth, which is, extremely important. Finally, the methods of repair and protection of structures from rammed earth with the help of the already mentioned materials are processed, and for each method, the advantages and disadvantages of the method are given. Veliki broj tradicijskih kuća u Slavoniji i Baranji izgrađen je od zemljanih materijala. Zemljana gradnja rasprostranjena je svijetom, pa tako i unutar granica Republike Hrvatske. Ovim radom dan je, za početak, osvrt na zemljane konstrukcije i njihovo porijeklo. Zatim, sagledan je problem nastanka oštećenja kod konstrukcija i konstrukcijskih elemenata od nabijene zemlje. Pošto hrvatski zakonodavni i normativni okviri ne prepoznaju nabijenu zemlju kao materijal koji bi se koristio prilikom gradnje ili adaptacije kuća i konstrukcija, u radu je opisana primjena dostupnih novozelandski normi NZS 4297:1998, NZS 4298:1998, NZS 4299:1998. Osim novozelandskih normi obrađena je i primjena hrvatskih normi HRN EN 1998-3, te HRN EN 1504. HRN EN 1998-3 bavi se projektiranjem potresne otpornosti konstrukcija, dok norma HRN EN 1504 daje zahtjeve i upute za korištenje injekcijskih smjesa pri saniranju betonskih konstrukcija. HRN EN 1998-3 je primjenjiva na sve vrste zgrada, pa ne postoji razlog da se u istu normu ne implementiraju i zgrade napravljene od zemlje. U svrhu sanacije zgrada od nabijene zemlje koriste se, između ostalog, mortovi na bazi zemlje koji se injektiraju, a mogu biti obuhvaćeni u normi HRN EN 1504. Koristeći navedene novozelandske norme opisani su postupci projektiranja konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje, kao i zahtjevi bitni za odabir materijala i samu izgradnju konstrukcija i konstrukcijskih elemenata od nabijene zemlje. Zatim su obrađeni materijali za sanaciju i zaštitu konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje, gdje su navedeni materijali kao što su proizvodi i sustavi za površinsku zaštitu, mortovi na bazi zemlje i na bazi cementa, bitumenske emulzije, juta, te karbonska vlakna. Svaki od ovih materijala ima svoje prednosti i mane u kontekstu sanacije i pojačanja konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje. Specifično govoreći, vlaknasti materijali, bili oni prirodni (juta) ili umjetni (karbonska vlakna, čelične mrežice, cerade) pridonose horizontalnoj stabilnosti zida, te sprječavaju pojavu pukotina u zidu. Bitumenske emulzije i bitumen mogu se koristiti u svrhe zaštite zemljanih konstrukcija od vode. Pojačanje drvenim elementima omogućuje dodatnu dozu krutosti konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje, te im samim time povećava i otpor na potresna djelovanja. Vrlo je bitno napomenuti da svaki od materijala povećava vlačnu čvrstoću elemenata od nabijene zemlje, što je, prijeko bitno. Na kraju su obrađene metode saniranja i zaštite konstrukcija od nabijene zemlje pomoću već navedenih materijala, te su za svaku metodu dane prednosti te metode i mane metode.
Repository of Facult... arrow_drop_down Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekOther ORP type . 2021Data sources: Repository of Faculty of Civil Engineering OsijekDo the share buttons not appear? Please make sure, any blocking addon is disabled, and then reload the page.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______3759::4f310b83cae6c36edd146c34b0ceb3cd&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
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