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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Miroslav Malaga; Tomas Broum; Michal Simon; Michael Fronek;

    This paper focuses on industrial robotics, highlighting it as an important part of modern manufacturing automation. First, the paper focuses on manufacturing automation more generally, highlighting its importance, pros and cons. This is followed by a description of fixed, programmable and flexible automation, with a link to industrial robotization. Then, the connection of robotization with other types of automation, i.e., forced and economically justified automation, is highlighted, followed by large and small automation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Acta Mechatronica
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Acta Mechatronica
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jirinia Dunkova; Veronika Quinn Novotna;

    S čím dál větší globalizací začali angličtinu postupně jazykově a kulturně ovlivňovat vícejazyční mluvčí jiných jazyků, což může mít dopad na zavedené jazykové normy a standardy. Tento článek se nejprve zabývá terminologickými otázkami souvisejícími s oblastí globálních angličtin a angličtiny jako lingua franca, poté po přehledu kurikulárních dokumentů relevantních pro český vzdělávací kontext shrnuje zjištění z pilotního výzkumu provedeného na místních akademicky zaměřených gymnáziích, který odhalil, že učitelé angličtiny zřejmě stále spojují anglicky psanou literaturu s tvůrčí produkcí vnitřního okruhu (Kachru 1985). S úmyslem překlenout propast mezi teorií a praxí jsme navrhli a pilotně ověřili několik plánů výuky zohledňujících širší pojetí anglofonního literárního kánonu zahrnujícího díla ze všech tří kachruoských kruhů. Předpokládáme, že širší kontakt s takovou literární tvorbou může pomoci vychovat generaci transkulturních mluvčí, tj. uživatelů jazyka, úspěšně komunikují v dynamických jazykových interakcích napříč kulturami. With the globalization of English, multilingual speakers of other languages have started to influence it linguistically and culturally, potentially challenging its established norms and standards. This paper first addresses terminological issues related to the area of Global Englishes and English as a lingua franca, then upon reviewing curricular documents relevant to the Czech educational context it summarizes findings from a pilot study conducted at local academically oriented high schools revealing that the English teachers still seem to associate ‘English’ literature with inner circle creative production. Intending to bridge the gap between theory and practice, we designed and piloted several lesson plans taking heed of a broader conception of the anglophone literary canon inclusive of works from across all Kachruvian circles. We postulate that extended exposure to such literary creativity may help raise a generation of transcultural communicators, i.e. language users who thrive in dynamic language interactions across cultures.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Věra Knapová; Anna Charvátová; Daniela Stackeová;

    Předkládaná práce se zabývá tématem vadného postavení nohy u předškolního dítěte a možnostmi jeho nápravy. Má formu kazuistiky, prezentuje případ předškolního chlapce s vadným postavením nohy a obsah a výsledky intervence, která vedla ke zlepšení. Základem intervence byla pohybová terapie, jejíž potenciální přínosy jsou v praxi často podceňovány, ale nezbytnou podmínkou k jejich dosažení je motivace dítěte a jeho rodičů ji provádět pravidelně a metodicky správně. The presented work deals with the topic of defective foot position in a preschool child and the possibilities of its correction. It takes the form of a case study, presenting the case of a preschool boy with a defective leg position and the content and results of the intervention that resulted in an improvement. The basis of the intervention was movement therapy, the potential benefits of which are often underestimated in practice, but a necessary condition for achieving them is the motivation of the child and his parents to carry it out regularly and methodically correctly.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: I Varga; M Csöbönyeiová; K Visnyaiová; J Záhumenský; +3 Authors

    Patologie děložní trubice (UT) představují 25-35 % případů neplodnosti způsobené ženským faktorem. Přestože tyto zvláštní orgány byly poprvé studovány již před několika sty lety, staly se přehlíženými a opomíjenými především díky úspěchům reprodukční medicíny. Nicméně reprodukční medicína stále čelí mnoha výzvám, pokud jde o výsledky fertility při oplodnění in vitro (IVF). Mnoho překážek a problémů lze vyřešit podrobnějším poznáním morfologie a funkce UT během normální reprodukce. V průběhu 21. století bylo získáno mnoho nových poznatků: přítomnost populace telocytů ve stěně vejcovodu zodpovědných za normální motilitu a hormonální senzitivní funkci, průkaz lymfatických lakun slizničních záhybů nezbytných pro záchyt oocytů a recirkulaci tubární tekutiny nebo důkladné profilování imunitního složení epitelové výstelky UT s objevem regulačních T-buněk pravděpodobně důležitých pro toleranci matky vůči semialogennímu embryu. Mezi nové objevy patří také představa, že epitel UT je citlivý na mužské pohlavní hormony a že UT není sterilní, ale ukrývá komplexní mikrobiom. Bylo také prokázáno, že buňky UT epitelu jsou původními buňkami serózních karcinomů vaječníků vysokého stupně. V neposlední řadě, což je však důležité, se v poslední době objevuje několik moderních morfologických směrů, včetně buněčných kultur, vývoje tubárních organoidů, modelování in silico, tkáňového inženýrství a regenerativní medicíny. Všechny tyto nové poznatky a nové přístupy mohou přispět k lepší klinické praxi a úspěšným výsledkům těhotenství. The uterine tube (UT) pathologies account for 25-35 % of female factor infertility. Although these peculiar organs were first studied several hundred years ago, they have become overlooked and neglected mainly due to the successes of reproductive medicine. Nevertheless, reproductive medicine still faces many challenges regarding the fertility outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Many obstacles and problems can be resolved by a more detailed understanding of the UT morphology and function during normal reproduction. Over the course of the 21st century, many new insights have been obtained: the presence of a population of telocytes in the tubal wall responsible for normal motility and hormone sensory function, the demonstration of lymphatic lacunae of the mucosal folds necessary for oocyte capture and tubal fluid recirculation, or a thorough profiling of the immune makeup of the UT epithelial lining with the discovery of regulatory T cells presumably important for maternal tolerance towards the semiallogenic embryo. New discoveries also include the notion that the UT epithelium is male sex hormone-sensitive, and that the UT is not sterile, but harbors a complex microbiome. The UT epithelial cells were also shown to be the cells-of-origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Finally, yet importantly, several modern morphological directions have been emerging recently, including cell culture, the development of tubal organoids, in silico modelling, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. All these novel insights and new approaches can contribute to better clinical practice and successful pregnancy outcomes.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Physiological Research
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Physiological Research
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M Csöbönyeiová; I Varga; L Lapides; L Pavlíková; +2 Authors

    Je dobře známo, že děložní trubice (UT) savců hraje klíčovou roli v plodnosti samic, kde dochází k nejdůležitějším událostem vedoucím k úspěšnému oplodnění a preimplantačnímu vývoji embrya. Známé funkce těchto malých nitrobřišních orgánů jsou: příjem a transport oocytů, skladování, transport a kapacitace spermií a nakonec oplození a transport oplozeného vajíčka a raného embrya přes istmus směrem k uterotubálnímu spojení. Úspěch všech těchto událostí závisí na interakci mezi epitelem děložní trubice (UTE) a gametami/embryem. Kromě toho současný výzkum odhalil, že tubární epitel poskytuje základní nutriční podporu a nejvhodnější prostředí pro vývoj raného embrya. Nedávné objevy v molekulární biologii navíc pomáhají pochopit úlohu epitelu na buněčné a molekulární úrovni a zdůrazňují faktory podílející se na regulaci signalizace UT, která ovlivňuje různé kroky v procesu oplození. Podle nejnovějších výzkumů extracelulární vezikuly jako hlavní součást tubární sekrece zprostředkovávají interakci mezi gametami/embryem a epitelem. Cílem tohoto přehledu je poskytnout aktuální poznatky o různých aspektech týkajících se činnosti tubárního epitelu a jeho vzájemné interakce se spermiemi, oocyty a preimplantačním embryem a o tom, jak tyto interakce ovlivňují oplodnění a časný vývoj embrya. It is well known that the mammalian uterine tube (UT) plays a crucial role in female fertility, where the most important events leading to successful fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development occur. The known functions of these small intraabdominal organs are: an uptake and transport of oocytes; storage, transportation, and capacitation of spermatozoa, and finally fertilization and transport of the fertilized ovum and early embryo through the isthmus towards the uterotubal junction. The success of all these events depends on the interaction between the uterine tube epithelium (UTE) and gametes/embryo. Besides that, contemporary research revealed that the tubal epithelium provides essential nutritional support and the most suitable environment for early embryo development. Moreover, recent discoveries in molecular biology help understand the role of the epithelium at the cellular and molecular levels, highlighting the factors involved in regulating the UT signaling, that affects different steps in the fertilization process. According to the latest research, the extracellular vesicles, as a major component of tubal secretion, mediate the interaction between gametes/embryo and epithelium. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on various aspects concerning tubal epithelium activity and its cross-talk with spermatozoa, oocytes and preimplantation embryo and how these interactions affect fertilization and early embryo development.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digital Library Univ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Physiological Research
    Article . 2022
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    Authors: M Csöbönyeiová; M Klein; C Feitscherová; L Pavlíková; +2 Authors

    Anatomické variace a vrozené anomálie děložních trubic (UTAVsCAs) jsou vzácné stavy, které jsou často nediagnostikovány nebo náhodně diagnostikovány při zobrazovacích vyšetřeních, laparotomii, laparoskopii pro nesouvisející stav nebo při císařském řezu. UTAVsCA jsou často asymptomatické, ale jejich klinický význam spočívá v jejich možném nepříznivém vlivu na plodnost. Vzhledem k jejich vzácnému výskytu jsou obvykle publikovány jako kazuistiky. Nejtypičtěji jsou popisovány: ageneze děložních tub (UT), akcesorní UT (duplikace UT), akcesorní ostium UT a paratubální cysty (např. Morgagniho hydatidová cysta). UTAVsCA jsou zařazeny do zastřešující kategorie anomálií mülleriánských vývodů (MDA), která zahrnuje anomální vývoj všech orgánů vyvíjejících se z paramesonefrických (mülleriánských) vývodů, tedy UT, dělohy a horní části pochvy. Je zajímavé, že většina klasifikačních systémů MDA pojednává výhradně o děložních a vaginálních anomáliích, zatímco UT jsou často zcela opomíjeny. To pravděpodobně pramení ze skutečnosti, že UT přestávají být pro mnoho kliniků zajímavé, protože UT považují za nadbytečné orgány, jejichž funkci lze snadno nahradit v laboratoři pro oplodnění in vitro (IVF). Moderní reprodukční medicína skutečně velmi pomáhá při početí neplodných párů. V mnoha případech se skutečně podaří UT obejít a narodí se dítě "ze zkumavky". Nicméně UT jsou stále naprosto unikátní v tom, že poskytují vhodné prostředí pro oplodnění a raný vývoj embrya - procesy, které dosud nebyly zcela pochopeny. Tato skutečnost by mohla částečně vysvětlit, proč se úspěšnost IVF pohybuje "pouze" kolem 30-50 % v závislosti na věku. Výzkum UTAVsCA má proto v kontextu reprodukční medicíny stále klinický význam a neměl by být z výzkumného úsilí vynechán. Anatomical variations and congenital anomalies of the uterine tubes (UTAVsCAs) are rare conditions, which are often undiagnosed, or accidentally diagnosed upon imaging, laparotomy, laparoscopy for unrelated condition, or during the Cesarean section. UTAVsCAs are often asymptomatic, but their clinical relevance lies in their possibly adverse impact on fertility. Since their rare occurrence, they are usually published as case reports. The most typically described are: agenesis of the uterine tubes (UTs), accessory UT (UT duplication), accessory UT ostium, and paratubal cysts (e.g. the hydatid cyst of Morgagni). UTAVsCAs are classified into an umbrella category of Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) which comprises anomalous development of all the organs developing from the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts, i.e., UTs, uterus and upper portion of the vagina. Interestingly, most of the classification systems of MDAs discuss solely the uterine and vaginal anomalies, while the UTs are often utterly ignored. This probably originates from the fact that UTs are no longer interesting for many clinicians as they think of UTs as superfluous organs whose function can be easily replaced in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Indeed, the modern reproductive medicine has been helping enormously with the conception of infertile couples. In many instances, the UTs are in fact successfully bypassed and a “test-tube” baby is born. Nevertheless, the UTs are still absolutely unique in providing suitable environment for fertilization and early embryo development - processes that has not been still completely understood. This fact could partially explain why the success rate of IVF is “only” around 30-50 % depending on age. Therefore, the research of the UTAVsCAs is still clinically relevant in the context of reproductive medicine and should not be omitted from research endeavors.

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    Authors: Filip Rybnikár; Ilona Kačerová; Petr Hořejší; Michal Šimon;

    Due to the increasingly high proportion of manual activities in production processes, there is a constant risk of musculoskeletal disorders or work-related injuries. The risk of these problems is exacerbated by the trend towards an ageing working population. European legislation is pressing for improved working conditions to eliminate the risks associated with health problems for workers. For this reason, the application of ergonomics in this field is growing. Musculoskeletal disorders, which are most often caused by inappropriate working postures, are a major problem. There are many methods for evaluating working postures. However, there is a high degree of subjectivity in the risk assessment. Motion capture kinematic suits can ensure the objectivity of the assessment. This article discusses research on ergonomics assessment using motion capture technology. A systematic literature search method was used for the research, beginning with the determination of the research procedure, through the definition of the research queries, to the formulation of the research itself to identify relevant sources. The study presents the most widely used methods for assessing the ergonomics of work positions using motion capture technology, their advantages, and disadvantages. It also follows the trend in the number of publications between 2010 and 2022 in countries where the topic is most frequently addressed and in the industries where motion capture technology is used for ergonomics assessment in general. The research showed that this approach is most often used in industry and logistics, and less frequently in healthcare and sport. The authors agree that the most frequently used ergonomics assessment methods are not complex enough to be used in combination with motion capture and that a combination of the two is needed. At the same time, this technology has become very important in the field of ergonomic evaluation of work positions, offering a higher degree of objectivity, or can be combined with the use of virtual reality, but the evaluation systems are still not error-free and there is a need for continuous improvement.

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    Authors: Milan Hrdlička;

    Článek pojednává o různých druzích záporu v současné češtině. Mluvčí má k dispozici různé možnosti, pomocí kterých je možné vyjadřovat významové nuance. Pokročilejší zahraniční bohemista by si měl osvojit, která varianta v určité komunikační situaci převažuje a jaký je její komunikační účinek. The article addresses various types of negatives in contemporary Czech. Speakers have many options to express semantic nuances. Advanced foreign students of Czech shall learn which variant prevails in different communication situations and what is its communication effect.

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    Authors: Tomáš Broum; Petr Hořejší; Miroslav Malaga; Pierre Grzona;

    The paper focuses on the use of augmented reality (AR) by industrial engineers, especially for determining the necessary competencies required for its use. Industrial engineers are not inherently programmers. Nevertheless, augmented reality is a modern trend in their field, especially in relation to the concept of Industry 4.0 and industry in general, where it has a higher potential than virtual reality. In the first part of this paper, we placed augmented reality and the competencies required for its use in the context of industrial engineering. Subsequently, we described our own methods of implementing an augmented reality industrial metadata visualization system, namely Help Lightning Fieldbit and Unity 3D, using the Vuforia extension. We chose the metadata used in the methods with regard to their environmental potential. In this part of the paper, we also described the chosen and applied testing methodology using a questionnaire survey. Subsequently, we described the results from the questionnaire surveys of both these approaches of implementing augmented reality methods. Finally, we evaluated the results and compared them with each other and with results from other authors. As the results show, the most important competencies for creating the described AR environments are analytical competencies. We draw conclusions from the collected data regarding the necessary competencies for the creation of AR scenes using these methods and their deployment in industry, including an outline for further research.

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    Authors: Kazimierz Mikołajec; Tomasz Gabryś; Karol Gryko; Magdalena Prończuk; +3 Authors

    Hlavním účelem této studie bylo zjistit vztahy mezi výkonem ve sprintu, schopností změny směru (COD), deficitem změny směru (CODD) a aerobním výkonem vyjádřeným maximální rychlostí kyslíku (V maxIFT), anaerobní rychlostní rezervou (ASR) a také skokového výkonu (výskok sprotipohybem (CMJa) a bez švihu paže (CMJ)) u elitních basketbalistů 3x3. Celkem se studie zúčastnilo 15 hráčů polského olympijského týmu 3x3 (věk: 26,86 ± 8,28 let; tělesná výška: 191 ± 5,33 cm; tělesná hmotnost: 90,68 ± 10,03 kg, basketbalové zkušenosti: 15,53 ± 5,8 let). Hráči byli testováni na lineární rychlost na prvním úseku (5 m), druhém úseku (9 m), třetím úseku (10 m) a celkové vzdálenosti (24 m) ve dvou sériích; přerušovaný fitness test 30-15 (první sezení); Rychlost COD testem změny směru a zrychlení (CODAT) (stejné úseky a celková vzdálenost jako v testu lineární rychlosti), pět opakování, dvě série; a skokový výkon CMJ s a bez švihu paže (druhé cvičení). CHSK byla vypočtena odečtením doby rychlosti CHSK od doby lineární rychlosti v odpovídajících úsecích a celkové vzdálenosti. Rovněž byly uvažovány maximální rychlost sprintu (MSS), maximální aerobní rychlost (VmaxIFT) a anaerobní rychlostní rezerva (ASR). Anaerobní rychlostní rezerva (ASR) byla vypočtena jako rozdíl mezi MSS a VmaxIFT. Pearsonův korelační koeficient byl použit ke stanovení vztahu mezi proměnnými souvisejícími s výkonem a rychlostí a CHSK, konečnou rychlostí dosaženou při 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VmaxIFT), ASR a CHSK. Střední až silné korelace byly registrovány mezi CHSK a lineární rychlostí ve vzdálenosti 5, 10 a 24 m, zatímco středně silné až silné negativní korelace byly zjištěny mezi CHSK, CHSK a CMJ, CMJa. Kromě toho byly pozorovány střední až silné korelace mezi CHSK, CODD a V maxIFT, MSS při sprintech na 9, 10 a 24 m. V žádném měřeném sektoru nebyl zjištěn žádný vztah mezi CHSK, CHSK, LS a ASR. Nakonec byly mezi studií 1 a studií 2 registrovány statisticky významné rozdíly v CHSK a CHSK. The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among sprinting performance, change of direction ability (COD), change of direction deficit (CODD), and aerobic power expressed by maximal oxygen velocity (V maxIFT), anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) as well as jumping performance (countermovement jump with (CMJa) and without an arm swing (CMJ)) in elite 3x3 basketball players. A total of 15 Polish Olympic 3x3 team players (age: 26.86 ± 8.28 years; body height: 191 ± 5.33 cm; body mass: 90.68 ± 10.03 kg, basketball experience: 15.53 ± 5.8 years) participated in the study. Athletes were tested for the following measures: the linear speed at the first section (5 m), the second section (9 m), the third section (10 m) and total distance (24 m), two sets; the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (first session); COD speed by the Change of Direction and Acceleration Test (CODAT) (the same sections and total distance as in the linear speed test), five repetitions, two sets; and jumping performance by the CMJ with and without an arm swing (second session). CODD was calculated by subtracting the COD speed time from linear speed time at adequate sections and total distance. Maximal sprinting speed (MSS), maximal aerobic velocity (VmaxIFT), and anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) were also considered. Anaerobic Speed Reserve (ASR) was calculated as the difference between MSS and VmaxIFT. A Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between power-speed-related variables and CODD, final velocity attained at the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VmaxIFT), ASR, and COD performance. Moderate to strong correlations were registered between COD and linear speed at 5, 10, and 24 m, while moderate to strong negative correlations were detected between COD, CODD, and CMJ, CMJa. Moreover, moderate to strong correlations were observed between COD, CODD, and V maxIFT, MSS at 9, 10, and 24 m sprints. No relationship was detected between COD, CODD, LS, and ASR in any measured sector. Finally, statistically significant differences were registered in COD and CODD between trial 1 and trial 2.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Miroslav Malaga; Tomas Broum; Michal Simon; Michael Fronek;

    This paper focuses on industrial robotics, highlighting it as an important part of modern manufacturing automation. First, the paper focuses on manufacturing automation more generally, highlighting its importance, pros and cons. This is followed by a description of fixed, programmable and flexible automation, with a link to industrial robotization. Then, the connection of robotization with other types of automation, i.e., forced and economically justified automation, is highlighted, followed by large and small automation.

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    Acta Mechatronica
    Article . 2022
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      Acta Mechatronica
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jirinia Dunkova; Veronika Quinn Novotna;

    S čím dál větší globalizací začali angličtinu postupně jazykově a kulturně ovlivňovat vícejazyční mluvčí jiných jazyků, což může mít dopad na zavedené jazykové normy a standardy. Tento článek se nejprve zabývá terminologickými otázkami souvisejícími s oblastí globálních angličtin a angličtiny jako lingua franca, poté po přehledu kurikulárních dokumentů relevantních pro český vzdělávací kontext shrnuje zjištění z pilotního výzkumu provedeného na místních akademicky zaměřených gymnáziích, který odhalil, že učitelé angličtiny zřejmě stále spojují anglicky psanou literaturu s tvůrčí produkcí vnitřního okruhu (Kachru 1985). S úmyslem překlenout propast mezi teorií a praxí jsme navrhli a pilotně ověřili několik plánů výuky zohledňujících širší pojetí anglofonního literárního kánonu zahrnujícího díla ze všech tří kachruoských kruhů. Předpokládáme, že širší kontakt s takovou literární tvorbou může pomoci vychovat generaci transkulturních mluvčí, tj. uživatelů jazyka, úspěšně komunikují v dynamických jazykových interakcích napříč kulturami. With the globalization of English, multilingual speakers of other languages have started to influence it linguistically and culturally, potentially challenging its established norms and standards. This paper first addresses terminological issues related to the area of Global Englishes and English as a lingua franca, then upon reviewing curricular documents relevant to the Czech educational context it summarizes findings from a pilot study conducted at local academically oriented high schools revealing that the English teachers still seem to associate ‘English’ literature with inner circle creative production. Intending to bridge the gap between theory and practice, we designed and piloted several lesson plans taking heed of a broader conception of the anglophone literary canon inclusive of works from across all Kachruvian circles. We postulate that extended exposure to such literary creativity may help raise a generation of transcultural communicators, i.e. language users who thrive in dynamic language interactions across cultures.

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    Authors: Věra Knapová; Anna Charvátová; Daniela Stackeová;

    Předkládaná práce se zabývá tématem vadného postavení nohy u předškolního dítěte a možnostmi jeho nápravy. Má formu kazuistiky, prezentuje případ předškolního chlapce s vadným postavením nohy a obsah a výsledky intervence, která vedla ke zlepšení. Základem intervence byla pohybová terapie, jejíž potenciální přínosy jsou v praxi často podceňovány, ale nezbytnou podmínkou k jejich dosažení je motivace dítěte a jeho rodičů ji provádět pravidelně a metodicky správně. The presented work deals with the topic of defective foot position in a preschool child and the possibilities of its correction. It takes the form of a case study, presenting the case of a preschool boy with a defective leg position and the content and results of the intervention that resulted in an improvement. The basis of the intervention was movement therapy, the potential benefits of which are often underestimated in practice, but a necessary condition for achieving them is the motivation of the child and his parents to carry it out regularly and methodically correctly.

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    Authors: I Varga; M Csöbönyeiová; K Visnyaiová; J Záhumenský; +3 Authors

    Patologie děložní trubice (UT) představují 25-35 % případů neplodnosti způsobené ženským faktorem. Přestože tyto zvláštní orgány byly poprvé studovány již před několika sty lety, staly se přehlíženými a opomíjenými především díky úspěchům reprodukční medicíny. Nicméně reprodukční medicína stále čelí mnoha výzvám, pokud jde o výsledky fertility při oplodnění in vitro (IVF). Mnoho překážek a problémů lze vyřešit podrobnějším poznáním morfologie a funkce UT během normální reprodukce. V průběhu 21. století bylo získáno mnoho nových poznatků: přítomnost populace telocytů ve stěně vejcovodu zodpovědných za normální motilitu a hormonální senzitivní funkci, průkaz lymfatických lakun slizničních záhybů nezbytných pro záchyt oocytů a recirkulaci tubární tekutiny nebo důkladné profilování imunitního složení epitelové výstelky UT s objevem regulačních T-buněk pravděpodobně důležitých pro toleranci matky vůči semialogennímu embryu. Mezi nové objevy patří také představa, že epitel UT je citlivý na mužské pohlavní hormony a že UT není sterilní, ale ukrývá komplexní mikrobiom. Bylo také prokázáno, že buňky UT epitelu jsou původními buňkami serózních karcinomů vaječníků vysokého stupně. V neposlední řadě, což je však důležité, se v poslední době objevuje několik moderních morfologických směrů, včetně buněčných kultur, vývoje tubárních organoidů, modelování in silico, tkáňového inženýrství a regenerativní medicíny. Všechny tyto nové poznatky a nové přístupy mohou přispět k lepší klinické praxi a úspěšným výsledkům těhotenství. The uterine tube (UT) pathologies account for 25-35 % of female factor infertility. Although these peculiar organs were first studied several hundred years ago, they have become overlooked and neglected mainly due to the successes of reproductive medicine. Nevertheless, reproductive medicine still faces many challenges regarding the fertility outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Many obstacles and problems can be resolved by a more detailed understanding of the UT morphology and function during normal reproduction. Over the course of the 21st century, many new insights have been obtained: the presence of a population of telocytes in the tubal wall responsible for normal motility and hormone sensory function, the demonstration of lymphatic lacunae of the mucosal folds necessary for oocyte capture and tubal fluid recirculation, or a thorough profiling of the immune makeup of the UT epithelial lining with the discovery of regulatory T cells presumably important for maternal tolerance towards the semiallogenic embryo. New discoveries also include the notion that the UT epithelium is male sex hormone-sensitive, and that the UT is not sterile, but harbors a complex microbiome. The UT epithelial cells were also shown to be the cells-of-origin of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Finally, yet importantly, several modern morphological directions have been emerging recently, including cell culture, the development of tubal organoids, in silico modelling, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. All these novel insights and new approaches can contribute to better clinical practice and successful pregnancy outcomes.

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    Physiological Research
    Article . 2022
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      Physiological Research
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    Authors: M Csöbönyeiová; I Varga; L Lapides; L Pavlíková; +2 Authors

    Je dobře známo, že děložní trubice (UT) savců hraje klíčovou roli v plodnosti samic, kde dochází k nejdůležitějším událostem vedoucím k úspěšnému oplodnění a preimplantačnímu vývoji embrya. Známé funkce těchto malých nitrobřišních orgánů jsou: příjem a transport oocytů, skladování, transport a kapacitace spermií a nakonec oplození a transport oplozeného vajíčka a raného embrya přes istmus směrem k uterotubálnímu spojení. Úspěch všech těchto událostí závisí na interakci mezi epitelem děložní trubice (UTE) a gametami/embryem. Kromě toho současný výzkum odhalil, že tubární epitel poskytuje základní nutriční podporu a nejvhodnější prostředí pro vývoj raného embrya. Nedávné objevy v molekulární biologii navíc pomáhají pochopit úlohu epitelu na buněčné a molekulární úrovni a zdůrazňují faktory podílející se na regulaci signalizace UT, která ovlivňuje různé kroky v procesu oplození. Podle nejnovějších výzkumů extracelulární vezikuly jako hlavní součást tubární sekrece zprostředkovávají interakci mezi gametami/embryem a epitelem. Cílem tohoto přehledu je poskytnout aktuální poznatky o různých aspektech týkajících se činnosti tubárního epitelu a jeho vzájemné interakce se spermiemi, oocyty a preimplantačním embryem a o tom, jak tyto interakce ovlivňují oplodnění a časný vývoj embrya. It is well known that the mammalian uterine tube (UT) plays a crucial role in female fertility, where the most important events leading to successful fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development occur. The known functions of these small intraabdominal organs are: an uptake and transport of oocytes; storage, transportation, and capacitation of spermatozoa, and finally fertilization and transport of the fertilized ovum and early embryo through the isthmus towards the uterotubal junction. The success of all these events depends on the interaction between the uterine tube epithelium (UTE) and gametes/embryo. Besides that, contemporary research revealed that the tubal epithelium provides essential nutritional support and the most suitable environment for early embryo development. Moreover, recent discoveries in molecular biology help understand the role of the epithelium at the cellular and molecular levels, highlighting the factors involved in regulating the UT signaling, that affects different steps in the fertilization process. According to the latest research, the extracellular vesicles, as a major component of tubal secretion, mediate the interaction between gametes/embryo and epithelium. This review aims to provide up-to-date knowledge on various aspects concerning tubal epithelium activity and its cross-talk with spermatozoa, oocytes and preimplantation embryo and how these interactions affect fertilization and early embryo development.

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
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    Physiological Research
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: Crossref
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