handle: 11025/55468
Despite the increasingly deteriorating international situation in 1938 and despite the increasingly tense domestic political situation in Czechoslovakia (which we briefly described above) and despite the evident evidence that armed conflict in Central Europe is increasingly inevitable, the optimistic mood prevailed in Czechoslovak society. If we look at the given situation through the lens of the time, it is clear to us that Czechoslovak society could not afford defeatism at that time. Even though the parliamentary and political system of the Czechoslovak Republic suffered a major blow due to the critical events of September 1938, this did not mean that the government of the Czechoslovak Republic planned to completely surrender to the dictates of Germany and its allies. As the mood of the time shows, the society of Czechoslovakia was actively prepared to defend its democratically elected government and its democratic Masaryk political system, which was the basic pillar of democracy throughout the existence of the first Czechoslovakia. The government of the Czechoslovak Republic tried in every possible way to solve the nationality problem that arose in the Czechoslovak Republic. It can be said, however, that this political struggle to solve this problem was already lost, since Henlein‘s Sudeten German Party and even the German politicians themselves were not interested in solving the minority problem in Czechoslovakia, but rather in the destruction of Czechoslovakia as such, either through a peaceful diplomatic or political by way of or through the Fall Grünn, i.e., the military liquidation of Czechoslovakia. I am aware that the issue described above is only a short excursion that points to a much more complex topic that deserves a separate, more detailed, and especially extensive treatment. The internal political situation in Czechoslovakia before the Munich Agreement is a topic that I will certainly focus on in more detail in my rigorous work, and in this work, I plan to point out in more detail why the solution to the nationality problem in Czechoslovakia was a lost political as well as diplomatic battle of the Czechoslovakian government.
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handle: 11025/55280
This study traces the eventful history of the Janes’ Residence in Kumamoto City, southern Japan, from the beginning of its existence to the present day. The changes in use, condition and location of the building are explained and placed in a further global historical context. The Janes’ Residence was a western-style mansion built for the family of Leroy Lansing Janes, who was hired as a teacher at the Kumamoto Western School in 1871. Until the 1930s, it played an important role in international and domestic knowledge exchange as part of an educational institution and later as a component of the commercial museum and exhibition area in Kumamoto City. The latter function has been neglected in most literature and will therefore be considered here. The Janes’ Residence is known as the birthplace of the Japanese Red Cross Society. During the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877, the permission for the establishment of Hakuaisha, a relief organisation, was granted on its premises. An iconic building, the Janes’ Residence was owned by the Kumamoto Red Cross from 1932 to 1970. In a new and central location, it supported health services and miraculously escaped bomb damage during the Second World War. Thereafter, the Janes’ Residence became property of Kumamoto City and was moved next to the historical Suizenji Garden, where it served as a museum. Until it was completely destroyed by the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016, the Janes’ Residence was the oldest preserved western style building in Kumamoto City and Prefecture
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handle: 11025/55054
Publikace byla vydána v rámci projektu Západočeské univerzity v Plzni SVK1-2023-015 – Antropologie islámu
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handle: 11025/55017
Článek se soustředí na problematiku tabulkového kalkulátoru Microsoft Excel a možnosti jeho využití. V první části článku jsou představeny tabulkové kalkulátory a jejich stručná historie. Následuje tabulkový kalkulátor Microsoft Excel, jeho popis a historie jeho verzí od počátku až po současnost. Dále je uveden příklad jeho využití v technických výpočtech a je představena oblast maker. Příspěvek byl vytvořen za podpory projektu SGS-2021-028 s názvem "Vývojové a tréninkové prostředky pro interakci člověka a kyber-fyzického výrobního systému“ řešeného v rámci Interní grantové agentury Západočeské univerzity v Plzni. Táto práca bola podporená Agentúrou na podporu výskumu a vývoja na základe Zmluvy č. APVV-21-0308.
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handle: 11025/54886
The study deals with an aristocratic residence located near the village of Lhota Svatogothardská near Hořice in the Podkrkonoší region. The original name of the castle is unknown and is referred to by its folk name – Pustohrad. In the past, undocumented excava tions and a series of surface surveys were carried out on the site. The subject of the work is the evaluation of available archaeological finds. Ceramic finds make it possible to chronologically determine up to the course of the 14th century with possible overlaps into the previous and following century. Documented arrowheads correspond to this determination. The site can likely be associated with the numerous written references to members of the lower nobility, who used the name of the village Lhota as a part of their surnames
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handle: 11025/54887
: In 2017–2020, rescue archaeological research continued on the deposits above the preserved basement rooms of the western palace of the castle in Brandýs nad Orlicí. The exca vation yielded evidence of the presence of tiled stoves, crown window glass, non-combustible roofing in the form of fragments of barrel tiles and ceramic square tiles that once covered the floors of the upper stories. The interiors of the rooms yielded a diverse variety of kitchen ceramics, metal objects and numerous fragments of hollow glassware
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handle: 11025/54320
Maria Theresa wanted, among other reforms, to make an education reform of the Austrian-Hungarian empire. She called Jan Felbiger, who became the main promoter of the new concept of teaching. He proposed modern methods for his time, such as the use of textbooks or student assessment. In schools, however, teaching was more frontal and mass. Methods in the various subjects were not discussed; subject didactics had only just begun to develop. Later, from the middle of the 19th century onwards, various experimental and progressive schools arose, which paid attention to the methods of the subjects and the schools underwent changes. One of the main changes was the introduction of an experimental approach to the teaching of physics. Previously, physics had been taught mainly through theoretical explanations and calculations. The new approach focused on the practical demonstration of physical principles through experiments and observations. Another significant change was the introduction of modern pedagogical methods such as individualised teaching. Teachers tried to adapt instruction to the needs of individual students rather than forcing a uniform approach for the whole class. The changes have led to an improvement in the teaching of physics in the primary schools and a greater interest in the subject among students. Modern teaching methods have made physics more accessible and fun, and teaching has become more interesting. Marie Terezie chtěla, kromě jiných reforem, také provést reformu školství v Rakousku Uhersku. Povolala Jana Felbigera, který se stal hlavním propagátorem nového pojetí vyučování. Na svou dobu navrhl moderní metody, jako je využívání učebnic nebo hodnocení studentů. Ve školách se však vyučovalo spíše frontálně a hromadně. O metodách v různých učebních předmětech se nemluvilo, oborová didaktika se teprve začala rozvíjet. Později, od poloviny 19. století vznikají různé pokusné a pokrokové školy, které dbaly na metodiku předmětů a školy doznaly změn. Jednou z hlavních změn bylo zavedení experimentálního přístupu do výuky fyziky. Dříve byla fyzika vyučována především formou teoretických výkladů a výpočtů. Nový přístup se zaměřoval na praktickou demonstraci fyzikálních principů pomocí experimentů a pozorování. Další významnou změnou bylo zavedení moderních pedagogických metod, jako je například individualizace výuky. Učitelé se snažili přizpůsobit výuku potřebám jednotlivých studentů a nevynucovat jednotný přístup pro celou třídu. Změny vedly ke zlepšení výuky fyziky na obecných školách a k většímu zájmu studentů o tuto oblast. Díky moderním metodám výuky se fyzika stala přístupnější a zábavnější a výuka se stala více zajímavá.
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citations | 0 | |
popularity | Average | |
influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 11025/54271
My bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of natural motives in the oldest Czech historiography. I have excerpted references to nature from the Chronicle of Kosmas and from the works of his followers (Mnich sázavský, Kanovník vyšehradský, Vincencius and Jarloch). I mainly dealt with the work of Kosmas and his first followers (Mnich sázavský and Kanovník vyšehradský). In the first chapter, I analysed the mentioned historical works and their authors. The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the nature records. I compared natural phenomena with today's reality and considered how nature influenced the earlier population and whether the phenomena seen were associated with something unearthly. The work includes references to the natural disasters (floods, high winds and fires), mentions of plague and famine, and references to astronomical phenomena (solar and lunar eclipses, sightings of planets, comets, stars and meteors). Finally, I try to find connections between the mentions that are related to nature. V bakalářské práci se zabývám analýzou přírodních motivů v nejstarší české historiografii. Zmínky o přírodě jsem excerpovala z Kosmovy kroniky a z prací jeho pokračovatelů (Mnich sázavský, Kanovník vyšehradský, Vincencius a Jarloch). Převážně jsem se zabývala prací Kosmy a jeho prvních pokračovatelů (Mnich sázavský a Kanovník vyšehradský). V první kapitole jsem rozebrala zmíněné historické práce a jejich autory. Druhá kapitola je zaměřena na analýzu záznamů o přírodě. Porovnávala jsem přírodní jevy s dnešní skutečností a posuzovala, jak ovlivňovala příroda dřívější obyvatelstvo a zda byly viděné jevy spojovány s něčím nadpozemským. V práci se objevují zmínky o rozmarech přírody (povodně, silné větry a požáry), zmínky o moru a hladomoru a také zmínky o astronomických úkazech (zatmění Slunce a Měsíce, pozorování planet, komet, hvězd a meteoritů). Nakonec se snažím najít souvislosti mezi zmínkami, které jsou spojené s přírodou. Obhájeno
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influence | Average | |
impulse | Average |
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handle: 11025/54242
Cílem této diplomové práce je zjistit, jakým způsobem bylo řešeno záškoláctví obecných škol v období od roku 1774 do nástupu komunismu v roce 1948. Zajímalo mě, jak bylo záškoláctví na školách sledováno a jaké právní normy s konkrétními postihy měli ředitelé škol k dispozici k potlačování a nápravě záškoláctví. V kapitole Historie školní docházky je předložen stručný přehled dějin pedagogiky doplněný všemi důležitými právními normami, které zásadním způsobem ovlivňovaly plnění povinné školní docházky, evidenci záškoláctví a postihy zákonných zástupců, kteří opakovaně neposílali své děti do školy. Historické prameny nám podávají svědectví o důsledné evidenci docházky žáků do škol. Ředitelé škol museli měsíčně podávat hlášení okresní zemské školské radě a ta v případě, že žádná domluva nepomáhala, stanovila pokutu, kterou museli rodiče zaplatit. Její výše se stanovovala dle závažnosti přestupku. V případě, že rodiče nebo zákonní zástupci neměli peníze na zaplacení, následoval až několikadenní trest odnětí svobody. Důvodem takto přísných pravidel jistě bylo velmi rozšířené nepochopení důležitosti vzdělání pro další osobní i profesní rozvoj dětí. Druhá kapitola je věnována dvěma významným reformátorům, kteří svými školskými reformami vešli do dějin evropské vzdělanosti a výchovy. Prvním z nich byl Jan Ignác Felbiger, pod jehož velením byl dokončen návrh školního řádu, který byl vydán dne 6. prosince 1774. Druhým významným reformátorem je Ferdinand Kindermann, zakladatel nového typu katolické školy a spoluautor rakouských školských reforem. Třetí až pátá kapitola přináší vzhled do několika mála právních norem, které měly určitý význam pro české školství v obdobích od počátku dvacátého století do konce roku 1948. V podstatě se dá konstatovat, že podobu školské soustavy až do 30. července 1937, kdy byl vydán školní a vyučovací řád pro školy obecné a měšťanské a pro školy (třídy) pomocné, i nadále určovaly Hasnerovy zákony z roku 1869. Zajímavé bylo zjištění, že i nová komunistická vláda v roce 1948, necelé tři měsíce po ujmutí se vlády, vydává nový školský zákon, který rovněž přesně stanovuje finanční postih anebo i trest odnětí svobody zákonným zástupcům za záškoláctví jejich dětí. Šestá kapitola podává přehled zjištěných formulářů týkajících se nedbalé docházky žáků. Konkrétní příklady řešení záškoláctví na školách v roce 1885 a v letech 1925 až 1927 přináší sedmá kapitola této diplomové práce. Získání podkladů pro napsání této práce znamenalo prostudování všech vládních věstníků od roku 1872 až do roku 1948, prostudování zápisů z pedagogických porad a seznámit se s dochovanou historickou korespondencí některých vybraných škol ve státních archivech v Berouně, Příbrami a Národním archivu v Praze na Chodově. Podařilo se mi tak doložit ucelený přehled právních norem, tiskopisů a evidence záškoláctví v uvedeném časovém období a prokázat, že existovaly velice účinné nástroje pro eliminaci záškoláctví. My thesis deals with the history of coping with truancy at primary schools in the period from 1774 to the rise of communism in 1948. I followed monitoring of truancy and legal norms for headmasters to improve school attendance. The chapter History of School Attendance brings a brief history of pedagogy with an overview of legal norms important for an approach to improving school attendance, truancy records and penalty for legal representatives who didn´t send their children to school regularly. Historical sources bring us an evidence of precise records of school attendance. Headmasters were obliged to report truants to their district council, which set a fine for the truants´ parents. The amount of the fine was according to the seriousness of the offence. In case the parents were not able to pay, they had to go to prison for a few days. The reason for such strict rules was misapprehension of school education importance for personal and professional development of children. The second chapter is devoted to two important European school reformers. One of them is Jan Ignác Felbiger who managed finishing School Rules released on 6th December 1774. The other important reformer is Ferdinand Kindermann who established a new type of catholic school and co-authored Austrian School Reforms. The third, fourth and fifth chapters deal with some legal norms which were important for the Czech school system in the period from the beginning of 20th century to the end of 1948. It is possible to say that up to 30th July 1937, when the new school rules for primary schools were accepted, the school system had been directed by Hasner´s Rules released in 1869. An interesting fact is to find that just three months after the communist government seized the reigns they released a new school law which also set a financial penalty or imprisonment for legal representatives of truant children. The sixth chapter gives a review of different forms regarding truancy. The seventh chapter brings some particular ways how truancy was solved in the years from 1925 to 1927. To complete this thesis, I studied all government gazetteers from 1872 to1948, reports from pedagogical councils and preserved historical school correspondence which were found in Beroun and Příbram State Archives and in Prague (Chodov) National Archiv. I managed to realize a complete summary of legal norms, forms and reports of truancy in the set period. I also managed to demonstrate very effective methods for truancy reduction that had existed it that time. Obhájeno
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handle: 11025/54157
Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es, die jüdischen Kulturpersönlichkeiten der Karlsbader Region in den breiteren kulturgeschichtlichen Kontext des jüdischen Lebens in den böhmischen Ländern einzuordnen, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf ausgewählten jüdischen deutschen oder tschechischen Schriftstellern, Publizisten und anderen ausgewählten bedeutenden jüdischen Persönlichkeiten liegt, die zur Popularisierung und wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung der Region beigetragen haben. Neben Persönlichkeiten, die direkt aus der Karlsbader Region stammten, werden auch Persönlichkeiten, die einen Teil ihres Lebens oder während längerer oder wiederholter Kuraufenthalte mit der Karlsbader Region verbunden waren, eingehend untersucht. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist es, die sozial- und kulturgeschichtlichen Besonderheiten der Karlsbader Region, insbesondere für die jüdische Gemeinde, darzustellen und die tschechisch-deutsch-jüdischen Gesellschaftsbeziehungen in der Region zu veranschaulichen, sowie Beispiele authentischer zeitgenössischer Korrespondenz des ausgewählten Zeitraums zu zeigen. Eine Besonderheit der Region ist die lange Zeit des Verbots der jüdischen Bevölkerung in der Kulturhauptstadt Karlsbad (auf Tschechisch Karlovy Vary) - offiziell seit dem königlichen Verbot von 1499 bis 1848). Die in Karlsbad arbeitenden Juden siedelten sich daher in den umliegenden Städten (insbesondere Lichtenstadt (auf Tschechisch Hroznětín) mit seinem großen jüdischen Viertel) und Dörfern an. In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts entwickelte sich das religiöse und kulturelle Leben der Juden in der Karlsbader Region und passte sich sprachlich der deutschsprachigen Bevölkerungsmehrheit an. The aim of this thesis is to place the Jewish cultural personalities of the Carlsbad (Karlovy Vary) Region in the broader cultural-historical context of Jewish life in the Czech lands, focusing on selected Jewish German or Czech writers, publicists and other selected significant Jewish personalities who contributed to the popularization and economic development of the region. In addition to personalities who came directly from the Carlsbad Region, personalities who were associated with the Carlsbad Region for part of their lives or during extended or repeated spa stays are also examined in detail. Another aim of this thesis is to present the social and cultural historical peculiarities of the Carlsbad Region, especially for the Jewish community, and to illustrate the Czech-German-Jewish social relations in the region, as well as to show examples of authentic contemporary correspondence of the selected period. A specific feature of the region is the long period of the ban on the Jewish population in the cultural capital Carlsbad - officially from the royal ban of 1499 until 1848). Jews working in Carlsbad therefore settled in the surrounding towns (especially Hroznětín with its large Jewish quarter) and villages. In the second half of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century, the religious and cultural life of Jews in the Carlsbad region developed, adapting linguistically to the German-speaking majority of the population. Obhájeno
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citations | 0 | |
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impulse | Average |
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handle: 11025/55468
Despite the increasingly deteriorating international situation in 1938 and despite the increasingly tense domestic political situation in Czechoslovakia (which we briefly described above) and despite the evident evidence that armed conflict in Central Europe is increasingly inevitable, the optimistic mood prevailed in Czechoslovak society. If we look at the given situation through the lens of the time, it is clear to us that Czechoslovak society could not afford defeatism at that time. Even though the parliamentary and political system of the Czechoslovak Republic suffered a major blow due to the critical events of September 1938, this did not mean that the government of the Czechoslovak Republic planned to completely surrender to the dictates of Germany and its allies. As the mood of the time shows, the society of Czechoslovakia was actively prepared to defend its democratically elected government and its democratic Masaryk political system, which was the basic pillar of democracy throughout the existence of the first Czechoslovakia. The government of the Czechoslovak Republic tried in every possible way to solve the nationality problem that arose in the Czechoslovak Republic. It can be said, however, that this political struggle to solve this problem was already lost, since Henlein‘s Sudeten German Party and even the German politicians themselves were not interested in solving the minority problem in Czechoslovakia, but rather in the destruction of Czechoslovakia as such, either through a peaceful diplomatic or political by way of or through the Fall Grünn, i.e., the military liquidation of Czechoslovakia. I am aware that the issue described above is only a short excursion that points to a much more complex topic that deserves a separate, more detailed, and especially extensive treatment. The internal political situation in Czechoslovakia before the Munich Agreement is a topic that I will certainly focus on in more detail in my rigorous work, and in this work, I plan to point out in more detail why the solution to the nationality problem in Czechoslovakia was a lost political as well as diplomatic battle of the Czechoslovakian government.
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handle: 11025/55280
This study traces the eventful history of the Janes’ Residence in Kumamoto City, southern Japan, from the beginning of its existence to the present day. The changes in use, condition and location of the building are explained and placed in a further global historical context. The Janes’ Residence was a western-style mansion built for the family of Leroy Lansing Janes, who was hired as a teacher at the Kumamoto Western School in 1871. Until the 1930s, it played an important role in international and domestic knowledge exchange as part of an educational institution and later as a component of the commercial museum and exhibition area in Kumamoto City. The latter function has been neglected in most literature and will therefore be considered here. The Janes’ Residence is known as the birthplace of the Japanese Red Cross Society. During the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877, the permission for the establishment of Hakuaisha, a relief organisation, was granted on its premises. An iconic building, the Janes’ Residence was owned by the Kumamoto Red Cross from 1932 to 1970. In a new and central location, it supported health services and miraculously escaped bomb damage during the Second World War. Thereafter, the Janes’ Residence became property of Kumamoto City and was moved next to the historical Suizenji Garden, where it served as a museum. Until it was completely destroyed by the Kumamoto Earthquake in 2016, the Janes’ Residence was the oldest preserved western style building in Kumamoto City and Prefecture
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handle: 11025/55054
Publikace byla vydána v rámci projektu Západočeské univerzity v Plzni SVK1-2023-015 – Antropologie islámu
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handle: 11025/55017
Článek se soustředí na problematiku tabulkového kalkulátoru Microsoft Excel a možnosti jeho využití. V první části článku jsou představeny tabulkové kalkulátory a jejich stručná historie. Následuje tabulkový kalkulátor Microsoft Excel, jeho popis a historie jeho verzí od počátku až po současnost. Dále je uveden příklad jeho využití v technických výpočtech a je představena oblast maker. Příspěvek byl vytvořen za podpory projektu SGS-2021-028 s názvem "Vývojové a tréninkové prostředky pro interakci člověka a kyber-fyzického výrobního systému“ řešeného v rámci Interní grantové agentury Západočeské univerzity v Plzni. Táto práca bola podporená Agentúrou na podporu výskumu a vývoja na základe Zmluvy č. APVV-21-0308.
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handle: 11025/54886
The study deals with an aristocratic residence located near the village of Lhota Svatogothardská near Hořice in the Podkrkonoší region. The original name of the castle is unknown and is referred to by its folk name – Pustohrad. In the past, undocumented excava tions and a series of surface surveys were carried out on the site. The subject of the work is the evaluation of available archaeological finds. Ceramic finds make it possible to chronologically determine up to the course of the 14th century with possible overlaps into the previous and following century. Documented arrowheads correspond to this determination. The site can likely be associated with the numerous written references to members of the lower nobility, who used the name of the village Lhota as a part of their surnames