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The information provided here represents the EBV workflow templates collected during the EuropaBON online workshop on Essential Biodiversity Variable (EBV) workflows from 22–24 February 2023. The templates were designed to capture comprehensive descriptions about the three workflow components (data collection and sampling, data integration, and modelling) that are typical for generating EBVs. Recognising the potential value of those EBV templates for European biodiversity monitoring, our objective is to share them for enhancing transparency, knowledge exchange and collaboration, and promoting the operationalisation of EBVs across Europe. EuropaBON (https://europabon.org/) is a Horizon 2020 research and innovation action funded by the European Commission that seeks to co-design a European Biodiversity Observation Network. This network aims to bridge the gap between the biodiversity data needs of policy-makers and authorities on the one hand and the existing reporting streams and available data sources on the other hand, considering both present obligations and forthcoming policy needs. Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) are a central concept of EuropaBON as they provide a standardised framework for biodiversity monitoring and reporting. In 2023, EuropaBON had identified 70 EBVs (Junker et al., 2023) that are policy-relevant for the EU, and measurable with available and existing technologies and with a proven track record of feasibility in ongoing initiatives. EBVs require workflows to process the raw data (primary observations) through data integration and modelling into spatially-explicit EBV data products (Kissling et al., 2018; Schmeller et al., 2017). These workflows can be broken down into three main components (data collection and sampling, data integration, and modelling), with additional aspects of data interoperability and IT infrastructure being recognised as crucial for transnational data streams (Kissling & Lumbierres, 2023). To capture information about the EBV workflows, an online workshop was held on 22–24 February 2023 with 520 registered participants from 49 countries, covering a large range of expertise (Lumbierres & Kissling, 2023). Participants contributed information on EBV workflow components and advanced monitoring techniques, discussed initiatives, and identified tools and requirements for implementing 70 proposed EBVs. The information from the workshop participants was collected through pre-defined EBV workflow templates (provided as Google Docs). Templates were organised into rows representing the workflow components (‘Data collection and sampling’, ‘Data integration’, and ‘Modelling’) and columns reflecting the levels of maturity ('Current initiatives', 'Emerging tools and projects' or 'Future needs'). Prior to the workshop, some information on existing workflows was pre-filled based on previous EuropaBON deliverables, namely an assessment of the current biodiversity monitoring gaps in the EU (Santana et al., 2023) and an assessment of current EU monitoring workflows and bottlenecks (Morán-Ordóñez et al., 2023). After the workshop, the EBV workflow templates were processed to ensure the accuracy and relevance of the information. Each listed initiative was verified to be part of an active biodiversity monitoring scheme and pertinent to the specific EBV under consideration, cross-referencing with the initiative’s websites and other data collected by the EuropaBON deliverables (Morán-Ordóñez et al., 2023; Santana et al., 2023). Moreover, we ensured correct alignment of each initiative and listed requirements and needs with the appropriate workflow components and maturity levels. The EBV workflow templates provide insights into the current biodiversity monitoring landscape in Europe and how EBV production could be operationalized at the EU level. They offer detailed information about ongoing initiatives and projects, methodologies, and technologies that can be used to generate EBVs at a continental scale. Nevertheless, it is important to note that they do not encompass an exhaustive list of all ongoing or proposed initiatives of biodiversity monitoring in all member states of the EU. It is suggested to use them as a starting point and baseline for the further development of EBVs in a European context.

This database includes zooarchaeological data from the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East dating to the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It was created as part of the MetaMobility project (EXCELLENCE/0421/0376), which is implemented under the programme of social cohesion “THALIA 2021-2027” cofunded by the European Union, through the Research and Innovation Foundation.

This bibiographic database lists all the studies we could retrieve on zooarchaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) from prehistory to recent times. The data given here has been used to create the ZooBi(bli)oArch webpage, where users can search the available literature on EMME zooarchaeology even more easily. This webpage can be accessed here: https://zoobiblioarch.emmebioarch.com/ Please contact Efthymia Nikita (e.nikita@cyi.ac.cy) or Mahmoud Mardini (m.mardini@cyi.ac.cy) for corrections and additions. The current database and associated webpage were created as part of the MetaMobility project (EXCELLENCE/0421/0376), which is implemented under the programme of social cohesion “THALIA 2021-2027” cofunded by the European Union, through the Research and Innovation Foundation.

The Tara Pacifc expedition (2016–2018) provided an opportunity to investigate calcifcation patterns in extant corals throughout thePacifc Ocean. Cores from colonies of the massive Porites and Diploastrea genera were collected fromdiferent environments to assess calcifcation parameters of long-lived reef-building corals. In this study, we compared the calcifcation and carbonate chemistryup-regulation of Diploastrea heliopora and Porites corals from across a range of environments. To this, we analyzed the skeletal geochemistry and growth parameters of 39 colonies of Porites (n=33) and Diploastrea (n=6) collected across the tropical Pacifc Ocean during the Tara Pacifc expedition (2016–2018). Te collected corals represent a suite of cores exposed to various hydrological conditions of seawater temperature (SST: 22.4–29.8 °C), salinity (SSS: 31.5–36.1), and carbonate chemistry (total scale pHsw: 8.01–8.09). Te average chemical composition of the calcifying fuid (pHcf, [CO32−]cf, DICcf, Ωcf) was derived from paired boron isotope (δ11B) and B/Ca analyses of core-top samples corresponding to the last 6 years of growth (2010–2016). Based on these data, we assessed the impact of the ambient seawater properties (SST, salinity, carbonate chemistry) on the cf composition of these slow-growing reef-building genera at the Pacifc basin scale. In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-04-08.

Current velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Meteor cruise M197 were collected by a vessel-mounted 75 kHz RDI Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 5.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode (WM10) with a bin size of 8.00 m, a blanking distance of 4.00 m, and a total of 100 bins, covering the depth range between 17.0 m and 809.0 m. Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's motion reference unit and the navigation data from the Global Positioning systems were used by the data acquisition software VmDAS internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (-0.1521° +/- 0.5577°) and scale factor (1.0055 +/- 0.0082) of the Ocean Surveyor signal. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 120 s. Velocity quality flagging is based on different threshold criteria: Depth cells with ensemble-averaged percent-good values below 25% are marked as 'bad data'. Depth cells with velocities above 0.8 m/s are flagged as 'bad data'. Depth cells with a root-mean-square deviation between the measured ensemble-average velocity and a cell-wise running-mean velocity above 0.2 m/s are flagged as 'probably bad data'.

Current velocities of the upper water column along the cruise track of R/V Meteor cruise M197 were collected by a vessel-mounted 38 kHz RDI Ocean Surveyor ADCP. The ADCP transducer was located at 5.0 m below the water line. The instrument was operated in narrowband mode (WM10) with a bin size of 16.00 m, a blanking distance of 8.00 m, and a total of 80 bins, covering the depth range between 29.0 m and 1293.0 m. Heading, pitch and roll data from the ship's motion reference unit and the navigation data from the Global Positioning systems were used by the data acquisition software VmDAS internally to convert ADCP velocities into earth coordinates. Single-ping data were screened for bottom signals and, where appropriate, a bottom mask was manually processed. The ship's velocity was calculated from position fixes obtained by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Accuracy of the ADCP velocities mainly depends on the quality of the position fixes and the ship's heading data. Further errors stem from a misalignment of the transducer with the ship's centerline. Data post-processing included water track calibration of the misalignment angle (-44.8506° +/- 0.5350°) and scale factor (1.0005 +/- 0.0083) of the Ocean Surveyor signal. The velocity data were averaged in time using an average interval of 120 s. Velocity quality flagging is based on different threshold criteria: Depth cells with ensemble-averaged percent-good values below 25% are marked as 'bad data'. Depth cells with velocities above 0.8 m/s are flagged as 'bad data'. Depth cells with a root-mean-square deviation between the measured ensemble-average velocity and a cell-wise running-mean velocity above 0.2 m/s are flagged as 'probably bad data'.

Raw water column data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M197 using a Kongsberg EM 122 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 30.12.2023 - 06.02.2024 from Limassol (Republic of Cyprus) to Catania (Italy) in the Mediterranean. The overarching aim was to use the rapidly changing Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) as a natural laboratory to gain mechanistic understanding of biogeochemical and ecosystem transitions of a future (sub-)tropical ocean affected by global warming and other anthropogenic pressures. The M197 cruise on RV Meteor has the following objectives: (i) characterising nutrient biogeochemistry and phytoplankton nutrient limitation of seawaters in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, (ii) documenting in detail the microbial communities that inhabit these waters from the surface ocean to sediments, (iii) assessing mechanistic connections between nutrient biogeochemistry, surface ocean productivity, deeper water metabolism, and shelf sediments in the cycling of carbon and major nutrients, (iv) using the sedimentary record to assess past environmental change in the EMS. Data were recorded within the EEZs of Greece and Cyprus. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles. These data should not be used for navigational purposes.

Raw multibeam bathymetry data were collected aboard RV METEOR during cruise M197 using a Kongsberg EM 710 multibeam echosounder. The expedition took place during 30.12.2023 - 06.02.2024 from Limassol (Republic of Cyprus) to Catania (Italy) in the Mediterranean. The overarching aim was to use the rapidly changing Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) as a natural laboratory to gain mechanistic understanding of biogeochemical and ecosystem transitions of a future (sub-)tropical ocean affected by global warming and other anthropogenic pressures. The M197 cruise on RV Meteor has the following objectives: characterising nutrient biogeochemistry and phytoplankton nutrient limitation of seawaters in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, (ii) documenting in detail the microbial communities that inhabit these waters from the surface ocean to sediments, (iii) assessing mechanistic connections between nutrient biogeochemistry, surface ocean productivity, deeper water metabolism, and shelf sediments in the cycling of carbon and major nutrients, (iv) using the sedimentary record to assess past environmental change in the EMS. Data were recorded within the EEZs of Greece and Cyprus. Sound velocity profiles (SVP) were applied on the data for calibration. Please see environmental data and the cruise report for details. The data are unprocessed and can therefore contain incorrect depth measurements (artifacts) if not further processed. Note that refraction errors may occur when no proper SVP is applied. Acquisition and provision of the data are part of the DAM Underway Project and published according to the FAIR principles. These data should not be used for navigational purposes.