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Este artículo presenta el diseño y construcción de una herramienta para la caracterización de trayectorias de aprendizaje de la medida de longitud en niños de 6-8 años. El proceso seguido ha permitido configurar y validar un instrumento que permite reconocer, mediante actividades abiertas y manipulativas, niveles de comprensión de la medida de longitud, tales como: reconocimiento de la pre-longitud; reconocimiento de la longitud; comparación directa; comparación indirecta; ordenación serial hasta 6+; medida de extremo a extremo; relación y repetición de unidades de medida. El instrumento posibilita contar con diferentes tipos de evidencias para aproximarnos de mejor forma a las comprensiones de los niños, como son: sus acciones, sus explicaciones y sus preguntas. This paper presents the design and construction of a tool for the characterization of learning trajectories of length measurement in 6-8 years old children. The process followed has allowed us to configure and validate an instrument that permits to recognize, through open and manipulative activities, levels of understanding of the measure of length, such as: pre-length quantity recognizer; length quantity recognizer; length direct comparer; indirect length comparer; serial orderer to 6+; end-to-end length measurer; length unit relater and repeater. The instrument provides different types of evidence for a better approach to children comprehensions, such as their actions, their explanations and their questions. Este trabajo ha contado con el soporte de los proyectos: EDU2015-65378-P y EDU2013-46083-R, MINECO. España.

C.P.L. Berry is supported by the CIERA Board of Visitors Professorship. E. Berti is supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1912550 and AST-2006538, NASA ATP Grants No. 17-ATP17-0225 and 19-ATP19-0051, NSF-XSEDE Grant No. PHY-090003, and NSF Grant PHY-20043. D. Blas acknowledges support from the Fundación Jesus Serra and the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias under the Visiting Researcher Programme 2021 agreed between both institutions. T. Bogdanović acknowledges the support by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under award No. 80NSSC19K0319 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award No. 1908042. V. Cardoso acknowledges financial support provided under the European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “Matter and strong-field gravity: New frontiers in Einstein’s theory” Grant Agreement No. MaGRaTh–646597. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 101007855. We thank FCT for financial support through Projects No. UIDB/00099/2020 and through grants PTDC/MAT-APL/30043/2017 and PTDC/FIS-AST/7002/2020. H.-Y. Chen is supported by NASA through NASA Hubble Fellowship Grants No. HST-HF2-51452.001-A awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS5-26555. Z. Haiman acknowledges support by NASA Grant NNX15AB19G and NSF Grants AST-2006176 and AST-1715661. G. Nardini is partly supported by the ROMFORSK Grant Project. No. 302640 “Gravitational Wave Signals From Early Universe Phase Transitions”. P. Pani acknowledges financial support provided under the European Union’s H2020 ERC, Starting Grant Agreement No. DarkGRA–757480. He also acknowledges support under the MIUR PRIN and FARE programmes (GW-NEXT, CUP: B84I20000100001), and by the Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP: B81I18001170001). A. Sesana acknowledges financial support provided under the European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “Binary Massive Black Hole Astrophysics” (B Massive, Grant Agreement: 818691). K. Yagi acknowledges support from NSF Grant PHY-1806776, NASA Grant 80NSSC20K0523, a Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship and the Owens Family Foundation. D. J. Weir was supported by a Science and Technology Facilities Council Ernest Rutherford Fellowship, Grant no. ST/R003904/1, and by the Academy of Finland, Grants 324882 and 328958. A. Zimmerman is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-1912578. The authors would like to acknowledge networking support by the GWverse COST Action CA16104, “Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics.” The Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation. This research has made use of data, software and web tools obtained from the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center (www.gw-openscience.org/), a service of LIGO Laboratory, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration. LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO are funded by the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. Virgo is funded, through the European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), by the French Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and the Dutch Nikhef, with contributions by institutions from Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Monaco, Poland, Portugal, Spain. The science objectives of the LISA mission have been defined under the implicit assumption of a 4-years continuous data stream. Based on the performance of LISA Pathfinder, it is now expected that LISA will have a duty cycle of ≈0.75 , which would reduce the effective span of usable data to 3 years. This paper reports the results of a study by the LISA Science Group, which was charged with assessing the additional science return of increasing the mission lifetime. We explore various observational scenarios to assess the impact of mission duration on the main science objectives of the mission. We find that the science investigations most affected by mission duration concern the search for seed black holes at cosmic dawn, as well as the study of stellar-origin black holes and of their formation channels via multi-band and multi-messenger observations. We conclude that an extension to 6 years of mission operations is recommended. Peer reviewed et al.

Plant functional traits can predict community assembly and ecosystem functioning and are thus widely used in global models of vegetation dynamics and land–climate feedbacks. Still, we lack a global understanding of how land and climate affect plant traits. A previous global analysis of six traits observed two main axes of variation: (1) size variation at the organ and plant level and (2) leaf economics balancing leaf persistence against plant growth potential. The orthogonality of these two axes suggests they are differently influenced by environmental drivers. We find that these axes persist in a global dataset of 17 traits across more than 20,000 species. We find a dominant joint effect of climate and soil on trait variation. Additional independent climate effects are also observed across most traits, whereas independent soil effects are almost exclusively observed for economics traits. Variation in size traits correlates well with a latitudinal gradient related to water or energy limitation. In contrast, variation in economics traits is better explained by interactions of climate with soil fertility. These findings have the potential to improve our understanding of biodiversity patterns and our predictions of climate change impacts on biogeochemical cycles. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 6 (1) ISSN:2397-334X

Data on renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease were collected by the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article provides a summary of the 2019 ERA Registry Annual Report, including data from 34 countries and additional age comparisons. Methods: Individual patient data for 2019 were provided by 35 registries and aggregated data by 17 registries. Using these data, the incidence and prevalence of RRT, the kidney transplantation activity and the survival probabilities were calculated. In 2019, a general population of 680.8 million people was covered by the ERA Registry. Overall, the incidence of RRT was 132 per million population (p.m.p.). Of these patients, 62% were men, 54% were ≥65 years of age and 21% had diabetes mellitus as primary renal disease (PRD), and 84% had haemodialysis (HD), 11% had peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 5% had pre-emptive kidney transplantation as an initial treatment modality. The overall prevalence of RRT on 31 December 2019 was 893 p.m.p., with 58% of patients on HD, 5% on PD and 37% living with a kidney transplant. The overall kidney transplant rate was 35 p.m.p. and 29% of the kidney grafts were from a living donor. The unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 42.3% for patients commencing dialysis, 86.6% for recipients of deceased donor grafts and 94.4% for recipients of living donor grafts in the period 2010-14. When comparing age categories, there were substantial differences in the distribution of PRD, treatment modality and kidney donor type, and in the survival probabilities The ERA Registry is funded by the ERA. This article was written by R. Boenink et al. on behalf of the ERA Registry, which is an official body of the ERA. In addition, S.B. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work; A.D.-S. reports personal fees from Astellas and Fresenius, outside the submitted work; F.L. reports personal fees from MeditesPharma, outside the submitted work; R.P. reports grants from The Iceland Centre for Research, Landspitali University Hospital Research Fund and University of Iceland Research Fund, outside the submitted work; P.F. reports grants from Finska läkaresällskapet and Liv och Hälsa, outside the submitted work; M.F.S.R. reports personal fees from Baxter and Fresenius, outside the submitted work; A.O. reports grants from Sanofi, and personal fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Amicus, Bayes, Fresenius Medical Care and Idorsia, outside the submitted work; and K.J.J. reports grants from ERA, during the conduct of the study Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UAB Altres ajuts: Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) (CF616633) We want to thank Marta Terra for her contribution to the research. To Miren Etxezarreta and Luis Enrique Alonso for the comments on the text. This work was supported by the Departament d'Agricultura Ramaderia i Pesca de la Generalitat de Catalunya within the framework of an agreement between the Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA) and UAB: Project code CF616633 The article analyses the crisis and 'double bind' situation to which Catalan dairy farmers find themselves subjected. Two contradictory commands are being imposed on them: 'act as if nature does not matter and increase production because, otherwise, the abandonment of livestock activity threatens you'; and 'reduce production and protect the environment to avoid an environmental catastrophe'. In the first part of the article, we study the socioeconomic crisis facing cattle farmers. In the second, we analyse farmers' discourse on the matter as a 'double bind'. Our conclusions indicate that in order to escape this paradoxical situation and gain some autonomy with respect to industry, farmers must establish a collective conscience and unite their interests: Although the path of producer cooperativism may be among the most realistic, it is not an easy one to follow.