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Tool for activity profiling learning designs

This review will briefly look at the theories of Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner and visit how these two theorists thought about cognition (cognition refers to thinking and memory processes) and cognitive development (cognitive development refers to long-term changes in these processes.)Both Piaget and Bruner were interested in cognitive development. Both developed their own cognitive theories of development.Piaget is best known for his cognitive stage theory, in which he maintains that children and youth gradually become able to think logically and scientifically in distinct stages. And this through two processes called accommodation and assimilation, and subsequent equilibration which interplay to construct mental representations of objects and experiences. These mental models of the world are then created and held in mental schema. Piaget, because of his background in Psychology, refers to development, not learning per se. Bruner is best known for his spiral curriculum, for his emphasis on revisiting learning, on discovery learning and for his belief that language, not only encoded and mediated language, but that it allowed cognition to reach higher levels (making possible the generation of new propositions).

This expanded brief traces the progression of Technology Education as it has beenimplemented in the Danish education system

This master’s thesis aims to investigate the peak separation observed by Hazel Reardon and Jonas Ruby Sandemann with Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD). The peak separation is reported in literature observed with neutron diffraction and PXRD. It is known that CeSix (x = 2 - d) compounds change greatly based on stoichiometry. For compounds with a stoichiometry close to x=1.90 literature reports peak separation upon cooling below room temperature.Five compounds with varying x were synthesised through arc melting by the author. One compound showed a satisfying I41/amd symmetry, matching what had been synthesised by Reardon previously. This work presents multi-temperature PXRD measurements of two CeSix compounds with I41/amd symmetry, sample IW synthesised by the author and sample HR synthesised by Reardon, measured at BL44B2 at SPring-8 in the temperature range 100–1000 K.The Si content was calculated from Rietveld refinements at RT for HR to x =1.97–1.98 and for IW to x =1.89–1.90. Peak separation was observed in sample IW and HR upon cooling below room temperature. Two phases with I41/amd symmetry was successfully modelled to the data. The two-phase model yielded better visual representation and improved agreement factors for both data-series. The HRIP data are described better with a two-phase model as well.A sudden decrease in the value of unit cell parameter "c" of phase 2 is observed in IW data between 225–250 K and in HR data between 125–150 K. The IW data show annealing as the sample is heated, a process beginning at 600 K and extending to 1000 K, where impurities are incorporated into the main phases changing the peak positions permanently. The HR data show signs of slight annealing despite previous heating on the now-retired Image Plate detector atBL44B2 at SPring-8.Debye temperatures are calculated for the samples. However, the model experience challenges when describing the high-temperature data, thus the resulting Debye temperatures are questionable.Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis is performed on the HR and IW data by Jonas Beyer, the results support what is found through PXRD analysis. Qbroad;L for the HR and IW data show signs of micro-stain released with heating. An apparent strain release also occurs in sample IW upon cooling below room temperature. However, this low-temperature strain release is reversible.PXRD refinements show that the micro-strain mainly decreases for phase 2. The sudden change in c-axis value for phase 2 in sample IW is not correlated to the sudden change in X-parameter value.