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The European Space Agency Sentinel-1 satellites provide good resolution all weather SAR images. We describe algorithms for detection and classification of ships, icebergs and other objects at sea. Sidelobes from strongly reflecting objects as large ships are suppressed for better determination of ship parameters. The resulting improved ship lengths and breadths are larger than the ground truth values known from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data due to the limited resolution in the processing of the SAR images as compared to previous analyses of Sentinel-2 optical images. The limited resolution in SAR imagery degrades spatial classification algorithms but it is found that the backscatter horizontal and vertical polarizations can be exploited to distinguish icebergs in the Arctic from large ships but not small boats or wakes.

Emission of airborne pollutants and climate gasses from the transport sector is a growing problem, both in indus- trialised and developing countries. Planning of urban transport system is essential to minimise the environmental, health and economic impact of congestion in the transport system. To get accurate and timely information on traffic congestion, and by extension information on air pollution, near real time traffic models are needed. We present in this paper an implementation of the Restricted Stochastic User equilibrium model, that is capable to model congestions for very large Urban traffic systems, in less than an hour. The model is implemented in an open source database system, for easy interface with GIS resources and crowd sensed transportation data. Emission of airborne pollutants and climate gasses from the transport sector is a growing problem, both in indus- trialised and developing countries. Planning of urban transport system is essential to minimise the environmental, health and economic impact of congestion in the transport system. To get accurate and timely information on traffic congestion, and by extension information on air pollution, near real time traffic models are needed. We present in this paper an implementation of the Restricted Stochastic User equilibrium model, that is capable to model congestions for very large Urban traffic systems, in less than an hour. The model is implemented in an open source database system, for easy interface with GIS resources and crowd sensed transportation data.

True estimation of soil response during pipeline upheaval buckling is a key parameter in the safe design of subsea buried pipeline. In this paper the effects of sea mean water level over the buried pipeline and the effects of pipe burial depth on the soil response during vertical buckling are investigated. For that purpose a numerical modeling of pipeline upheaval buckling in clayey backfill has been conducted. Different sea mean water levels are considered to simulate the pipeline shore approach. In addition, various pipeline burial depths are considered to predict the soil uplift resistance and the soil failure mechanism. In order to model the large penetration of pipeline into the soft clay, Arbitrary Eulerian Lagrangian (ALE) method is employed. The results reveal that in the shallow water the sea mean water level may have considerable effects on the soil failure mechanism and soil uplift resistance. In addition, as the sea mean water level and pipe burial depth increases, a new transitional failure mechanism can be observed. The mechanism is a combination of vertical sliding block mechanism and the flow-around mechanism.Copyright © 2014 by ASME