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Dictionaries could be considered as the most comprehensive reservoir of human knowledge, which carry not only the lexical description of words in one or more languages, but also the common awareness of a certain communityabout every known piece of knowledge in a time fr...

Although multimode non-linear propagation has been studied in multimode optical fibres since the 1970s, recent developments in materials and manufacturing techniques have greatly renewed interest in this area. In this thesis, we report the experimental study of nonlinea...

Comparative ecology, through large-scale screening of plant morpho-physiological traits, has brought evidence that plant diversity is constrained. Several co-variations between functional traits appear to be pervasive across species and ecosystems. This has been interpr...

Despite the astonishing diversity of plants, animals and macroscopic fungi, most eukaryotic diversity is actually microbial. The eukaryotic tree comprises several large monophyletic supergroups. One of these groups is the Opisthokonta, which encompasses two branches, Ho...

The primate visual system strongly relies on the small differences between the two retinal projections to perceive depth. However, it is not fully understood how those binocular disparities are computed and integrated by the nervous system. On the one hand, single-unit ...

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) is the only non-invasive and in-vivo imaging modality able to provide human brain structural connectivity information. This is done via an estimation of the fiber orientation distribution (FOD) of white matter and dMRI tractog...

By using genetic studies, our team have identified in patient with malformations of cortical development, missense mutations in the KIF2A gene, a kinesin involved in microtubules depolymerization. In order to study in a physiological context the impact of these mutation...

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are two emerging viruses transmitted to humans by mosquitoes and are responsible for severe pathologies. There is currently no efficient vaccine neither antiviral treatment available against these arboviruses. DENV and ZIKV are ...

The earthquake characterization is a fundamental research field in seismology, which final goal is to provide accurate estimations of earthquake attributes. In this study field, various questions may rise such as the following ones: when and where did an earthquake happ...

Reionization is the last change of state of the Universe which made its entire hydrogen content transition from a neutral to a completely ionized state. This rapid transition and heating of the gas content had major consequences on the formation and evolution of structu...