• 2014-2023close
• Open Access close
• European Commission close
• COLLMOT close
• HU close

Aspects and methods for examining the connection between personal names and ethnicity It is a difficult task to determine the value of proper names in ethnic reconstruction. This can be considered a dubious area of onomastic/linguistic and historical research. Even the explanation of the basic concepts seems to be problematic; still, defining ethnicity and identifying the nature of the connection between ethnicity and language cannot be avoided. It is also important to define the value of the different types of personal names as sources: what can and cannot the research into the etymology of surnames be used for, what are the factors that have an impact on linguistic recon-struction, how can individual names help ethnic reconstruction, etc. After summarizing the back-ground research of name analysis in Hungary, the author presents a multi-level method of ethnic reconstruction based on personal names. The procedure tries to separate the determination of the name’s etymology from that of the ethnic affiliation, placing the examination objectives at separate levels. On the first level, the etymology of the surnames is determined and the linguistic background of the name is explored by considering linguistic aspects only, paying attention to the rules of ety-mological and onomastic research. The author separates two levels of the examination of ethnic reconstruction that are built upon each other. On the one hand, the linguistic features of the indi-vidual names are observed, and then other information on name sociology (e.g. social status, majority population), referring directly or indirectly to ethnic background, is taken into consideration.

L’éditeur Singer et Wolfner et ses activités de publication de livres pour enfants au tournant du siècle 1888–1920 Dans mon étude, je me propose de contribuer à l’étude institutionelle de la littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse. Je m’intéresserai surtout au contexte socio-historique et aux annonces publicitaires présentées par l’éditeur Singer et Wolfner. La périodisation, proposée par Zoltán Hermann, pour la littérature d’enfance étant adoptée ici, la recherche que je présenterai étudie la période qui est celle de l’institutionnalisation de la sphère et du marché ouvert, c’est-à-dire les années 1888–1918. Au centre de la recherche: l’une des maisons d’édition majeures de l’époque, le Singer et Wolfner. La première grande unité de mon étude présente les ouvrages pour enfants publiés par l’éditeur en question. Quant à la deuxième partie, elle soumet à l’analyse les publicités que Singer et Wolfner ont fait paraître sur les pages d’Az Én Újságom [Mon journal á moi] aux années suivantes: 1888/1889., 1900, 1910, 1918, 1920. Il ressort de la recherche qu’au début Singer et Wolfner publièrent uniquement des ouvrages hongrois contemporains et des oeuvres de fiction, leur stratégie étant fondée sur une conception qui mettait en valeur la fonction didactique de la littérature d’enfance et de jeunesse. Des exemplaires étaient souvent offerts aux enfants en tant que cadeaux ou récompenses. Ce didactisme se manifeste dans les annonces publiées en Az Én Újságom. Les annonces en question – privilégiant les instruments verbaux au dépens des images – ciblent, assez efficacement, des groupes spécifiques. Magyar Könyvszemle, Évf. 134 szám 4 (2018): Magyar Könyvszemle

Validated in several languages, the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) is a popular and reliable instrument used in the assessment of perceived happiness. The aims of two current studies were to determine the psychometric properties of the Hungarian version in volunteer adults (N = 252) and non-volunteer university students (N = 142). Exploratory factor analysis of the data gathered from volunteers confirmed the unidimensional structure of the Hungarian SHS (SHS-HU). One component explained 53.69% of the variance. The internal reliability in this sample was .80. Confirmatory factor analyses on the non-volunteer university students’ data yielded excellent model fit (SRMR = .0208; NFI = . 990; GFI = .995; RMSEA < .001; CFI = 1.00) and acceptable internal reliability (.75). The one-week test-retest reliability of the SHS-HU was 0.83. In both studies, the SHS-HU revealed positive correlations with life satisfaction and optimism, while it was inversely related to pessimism (p < .001). The more optimistic individuals scored higher on SHS-HU in both studies (p < .001) which confirmed the scale's divergent validity. Further, when controlling for life satisfaction, optimism and pessimism, there were no gender differences in the SHS-HU scores. These results lend support for the adequate psychometric properties of SHS-HU. Therefore, preliminary evidence suggests that the SHS-HU is appropriate for the assessment of perceived happiness in the Hungarian population.

Selfie posting on social media is a modern-day phenomenon. There are over a thousand academic articles on selfies, but sport-selfies have not been examined to date, even though they might have a ‘p...

Contribution à l’étude de la bibliothèque de Balthasar (IIIe) Batthyány. Factures, acquéreurs et ouvrages récemment identifiés Balthasar Batthyány, l’un des aristocrates les plus cultivés de son époque, était un collectionneur passionné de livres. Béla Iványi fut le premier à étudier systématiquement l’activité de collectionneur de Batthyány et à établir la liste de ses livres. Dans leur Balthasar Batthyány und seine Bibliothek, paru en 2004, István Monok, Péter Ötvös et Edina Zvara ont reconstruit, sur la base de quelques lettres et factures conservées aux Archives Nationales (P 1314), la partie prépondérante de la bibliothèque. 670 volumes ont été identifiés jusqu’à aujourd’hui, mais la liste peut être élargie, en s’appuyant sur quelques nouvelles informations fournies par les lettres et les factures étudiées, en corrigeant quelques fautes de lecture héritées d’Iványi et enfin en se servant de quelques récentes bases de données informatiques. Au total, j’ai réussi á identifier 24 ouvrages supplémentaires de la collection. Il ressort des lettres étudiées que Batthyány avait recours à des méthodes très variées pour acquérir de nouveaux ouvrages et que dans ses efforts, il avait été assisté de nombreux humanistes, scientifiques et vassaux. Magyar Könyvszemle, Évf. 134 szám 3 (2018): Magyar Könyvszemle

Hierarchical networks are prevalent in nature and society, corresponding to groups of actors - animals, humans or even robots - organised according to a pyramidal structure with decision makers at the top and followers at the bottom. While this phenomenon is seemingly universal, the underlying governing principles are poorly understood. Here we study the emergence of hierarchies in groups of people playing a simple dot guessing game in controlled experiments, lasting for about 40 rounds, conducted over the Internet. During the games, the players had the possibility to look at the answer of a limited number of other players of their choice. This act of asking for advice defines a directed connection between the involved players, and according to our analysis, the initial random configuration of the emerging networks became more structured overt time, showing signs of hierarchy towards the end of the game. In addition, the achieved score of the players appeared to be correlated with their position in the hierarchy. These results indicate that under certain conditions imitation and limited knowledge about the performance of other actors is sufficient for the emergence of hierarchy in a social group.