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The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces at public locations has been minimally described. By swab testing, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces in public locations during the pandemic in February 2022. The viability of SARS-CoV-2 was not tested. Almost 25% of surfaces were positive for SARS-CoV-2; this was most pronounced in supermarkets. The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on surfaces at public locations has been minimally described. By swab testing, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces in public locations during the pandemic in February 2022. The viability of SARS-CoV-2 was not tested. Almost 25% of surfaces were positive for SARS-CoV-2; this was most pronounced in supermarkets.

Denne ph.d.-afhandling består af en indledende rammetekst (”kappe”) og fem forskningsartikler. Emnet for denne afhandling er grænsen og skæringspunktet mellem arbejde og ikke-arbejde, det personlige og det professionelle. Fokus i denne afhandling er på sociale medier, og mere specifikt enterprise sociale medier (ESM). Det empiriske emne er det ESM’et Workplace fra Meta (førWorkplace fra Facebook). Det forskningsspørgsmål, der ligger til grund for denne afhandling, er, hvordan brugen og fortolkningen af virksomhedens sociale medier komplicerer grænsen mellem det personlige og det professionelle, eller arbejde og ikke-arbejde.”Kappen” består af en kort ouverture og fem kapitler. I ouverturen antyder jegafhandlingens temaer gennem analysen af en personlig anekdote. I det første egentlige kapitel introducerer jeg problemområdet (grænsen mellem arbejde og ikke-arbejde og den rolle medier har i at forme denne grænse), forskningscasen (Workplace from Meta) og forskningsspørgsmålene. I andet kapitel giver jeg et overblik over både arbejde og sociale medier som kontekster for sig selv. I samme kapitel skitserer jeg, hvordan den hidtil gensidige mangel på interesse mellem medievidenskab og studier af arbejdslivet efterlader virksomheders sociale medier i et mellemområde mellem discipliner. I det tredje kapitel skitserer jeg de forskningsmetoder, der ligger til grund for de empiriskeforskningsartikler i dette projekt. Denne metode er inspireret af mediereceptionsstudier og søger at forstå, hvordan et udvalg af empiriske brugere (n=28) fortolker og bruger Workplace from Meta gennem kvalitative interviews. I det fjerde kapitel af rammeteksten diskuterer jeg resultaterne af dette forskningsprojekt og fremhæver, hvordan Workplace from Meta indtager et mellemrum mellem arbejde og ikke-arbejde, idet det er et medie for den professionelle kontekst, som er stærkt afhængig af fortrolighed. med sociale medier fra det personlige liv. Jeg afslutter dette kapitel med at foreslå, hvordandette skal informere fremtidig forskning. I femte og sidste kapitel opsummerer jeg konklusionerne af det overordnede forskningsprojekt.I den første forskningsartikel, med titlen "Social Media and Work: A Framework of Eight Intersections" (udgivet i International Journal of Communication) præsenterer jeg en gennemgang af områder i den eksisterende forskning, hvor sociale medier og arbejde overlapper. Efter at have afgrænset de to begreber "sociale medier" og "arbejde", skitserer jeg 8 konceptualiseringer, derbeskriver forskellige typer af skæringspunkter mellem disse to domæner: (1) sociale medier før arbejde, (2) sociale medier i stedet for arbejde, (3) sociale medier til arbejdsformål, (4) sociale medier om arbejde, (5) sociale medier som arbejde, (6) sociale medier under arbejde, (7) arbejde for sociale medierog (8) sociale medier efter arbejde. Jeg fortsætter med at diskutere, hvordan disse forskellige konceptualiseringer kan give anledning til (empiriske) forskelle i, hvordan individer oplever sociale medier og arbejder, og hvordan de to temaer giver forskellige analytiske fokuspunkter. Jeg slutter af med en konklusion om, hvordan forskning bør sensibiliseres over for en verden af post-sociale medier.I den anden forskningsartikel, med titlen "Digital Disconnection Research in Review: What, How and Who?" (Sendt til fagfællebedømmelse), gennemgår jeg hvor modreaktionen mod digitale medier har manifesteret sig i hverdagens praksis med digital afkobling (”digital disconnection”) eller bevidst ikke-brug af medier. Denne artikel søger at skabe et overblik over det sidste årti afempirisk afbrydelsesforskning og spore både dens overordnede tendenser og dens grænser. Dette sker gennem en analyse af 346 empiriske undersøgelser om digital afkobling. I denne artikels formål er forskning om digital afkobling defineret af en forskningsetos, der ikke ser handlingen med ikke-brug afmedier eller begrænset mediebrug som noget, der skal afhjælpes. I gennemgangen har forskningens typiske interesse været at studere relativt unge og individualiserede agenters afbrydelse af sociale medier, en afkobling som ofte er midlertidig eller delvis. Derfor overvejer artiklens diskussionsdel muligheden for, at åbenheden i digitale afkoblingsstudier kan strække sig yderligere, med særlig vægt på strukturer og sammenhænge, hvor afbrydelse ikke kun kan problematiseres af imperativerne om "altid på" kommunikation, specifikt i arbejdslivet.I den tredje forskningsartikel, med titlen "Professional, Transmedia Selves: Finding a Place for Enterprise Social Media" (indsendt til fagfællebedømmelse), antager jeg et udvidet syn på transmedieteori for at argumentere for, hvordan enterprise sociale medier (ESM), og især Workplace from Meta, faciliterer en mulighed for digital selvpræsentation. Argumentet er, at almindelige brugerenu er castet i rollen som transmedieproducenter, som skal finde ud af, hvilket unikt bidrag ESM kan give. Kapitlet fortsætter derefter med at skitsere tre individuelle casestudier af, hvordan integrationen af ESM’et Workplace fra Facebook kan udvikle sig. De forskellige cases illustrerer, hvordan overvejelserom både selvpromovering, medborgerskab på arbejdspladsen eller brug af ESM's legende funktioner både kan tilskynde til brug og i sidste ende marginalisere mediet i arbejderens personlige transmedieøkologi.I den fjerde forskningsartikel, med titlen "Overcoming Forced Disconnection:Disentangling the Professional and the Personal in Pandemic Times" (udgivet i antologien Reckoning with Social Media, red. Aleena Chia, Ana Jorge og Tero Karppi), medforfattet med Stine Lomborg , vender jeg mig imod spørgsmålet om, hvilken rolle Workplace spiller, når arbejdspladsen forsvinder. Ved at analysere de interviews, der blev gennemført under det første højdepunkt af COVID-19 pandemien, undersøger vi, hvilken rolle Workplace menes at spille under de på det tidspunkt ekstraordinære omstændigheder, som nedlukningen medførte. Her tyder beviserne på, at Workplaces fatiske kommunikative muligheder var sekundære i forhold til mere "levende" kommunikationsformer.Derudover repræsenterede COVID-19-lockdowns et tydeligt eksempel på arbejde, der migrerede ind i domænet af de personlige, potentielt eroderende tidsmæssige, rumlige og sociale grænser undervejs. Under disse mstændigheder var Workplace ikke blot et medie, der var "vandret" fra det personlige tildet professionelle liv. Det professionelle liv var nu uundgåeligt kastet sig ind i det personlige. Ud over at give flere eksempler på forhandlingerne om, hvilken form for kommunikation Workplace skal fremme, illustrerer denne artikel også vanskeligheden ved at stole på dette medie for fællesskab på arbejdspladsen, især under omstændigheder, hvor arbejdslivet blev særligt afhængig af digitale medier. I den femte og sidste forskningsartikel med titlen " An organisational cultivation of digital resignation? Enterprise social media, privacy, and autonomy” (udgivet i Nordicom Review 42(s4)), diskuterer jeg, hvordan enterprise sociale medier (ESM) stort set er blevet ignoreret i diskussioner om dataficeringspraksisser på sociale medieplatforme. Jeg præsenterer et første skridt i retning af at udfyldedette forskningshul. Mit forskningsspørgsmål i denne artikel vedrører, hvordan medarbejdere i virksomheder, der bruger ESM’et Workplace fra Facebook, føler, at implementeringen af denne særlige platform relaterer sig til deres potentielle kampe for digitalt privatliv og segmentering af arbejdsliv. Metodisk udforsker jeg dette gennem en kvalitativ interviewundersøgelse af 21 danske vidensarbejdere i forskellige organisationer, der anvender Workplace from Meta. Artiklens centrale analytiske forslag er, at interviewpersonerne udtrykker en "digital resignation" over for implementeringen af ESM. I modsætning til tidligere diskussioner kan denne fratræden ikke kun opfattes som "virksomhedsdyrket"af tredjeparter, men skal også betragtes som "organisatorisk dyrket" af de organisationer, folk arbejder for. Undersøgelsen foreslår, at dataficerings-orienterede mediestudier bør overveje organisatoriske sammenhænge.

Background: The case presented here illustrates that interdisciplinary teamwork can be essential for the understanding of the COVID-19 disease presentation and enlightening of the pathophysiology.Case presentation: A 60-years-old overweight woman without any comorbidities was found dead in her apartment after 14 days of home isolation due to suspicion on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). She had reported symptoms of tachycardia, fever, and increasing respiratory difficulty one day before her death. Due to the Danish legal act on sudden deaths a forensic autopsy was performed including a thorough examination and biosampling. The results of the forensic autopsy displayed sever densified, almost airless, firm lungs, and an unspecific reactive minimal focal perivascular inflammation consisting of macrophages of the brain tissue. The final diagnosis, COVID-19 with involvement of the central nervous system was established by use of the RT-RNA analysis on cerebrospinal fluid, as well as by serologic detection of the specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. The genetic analysis displayed a 2 % variation between SARS-CoV-2 isolates recovered from the tracheal sample, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues from both lungs.Conclusion: The combination of all available results revealed that the cause of death was COVID-19 with severe pulmonary disease and neuroinvasion, as well as renal affection resulting in hyponatremia. To our knowledge, it was not shown previously that neuroinvasion could be confirmed by the detection of specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 specific RNA in cerebrospinal fluid. This case supports hypotheses that SARS-CoV-2 may cause central nervous system infection. The genetic distinction between SARS-CoV-2 isolates was done by whole-genome sequencing, where the isolate recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid was the most different.

In Denmark, a nationwide COVID-19 lockdown was implemented on March 12, 2020 and eased on April 14, 2020. The COVID-19 lockdown featured reduced prevalence of extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight births. Here we explore the impact of this COVID-19 lockdown on term birth weights in Denmark.We conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study on 27,870 live singleton infants, born at term (weeks 37-41), between March 12 and April 14, 2015-2020, using data from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank. Primary outcomes, corrected for confounders, were birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and large-for-gestational-age (LGA), comparing the COVID-19 lockdown to the previous five years. Data were analysed using linear regression to assess associations with birth weight. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations with size-for-gestational-age (xGA) categories.Adjusted mean birth weight was significantly increased by 16.9 g (95% CI = 4.1 – 31.3) during the lockdown period. A dip in mean birth weight was found in gestational weeks 37 and 38 balanced by an increase in weeks 40 and 41. The 2020 lockdown period was associated with an increased LGA prevalence (aOR 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05 - 1.21). No significant changes in proportions of xGA groups were found between 2015 and 2019.Conclusion The nationwide COVID-19 lockdown resulted in a small but significant increase in birth weight and proportion of LGA infants, driven by an increase in birth weight in gestational weeks 40 and 41.

Background: Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have recently been suggested as treatment for the current Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, despite their long-term use and only few case reports on adverse effects, CQ and HCQ are listed as a known risk of the lethal ventricular arrhythmia Torsade de Pointes and their cardiac safety profile is being questioned. Thus, we aimed to investigate the electrocardiographic and mortality effects of CQ and HCQ in a primary care population. Methods: We used Danish health care registers and electrocardiograms (ECGs) from primary care to define three studies. 1) A paired study of subjects with ECGs before and during use of CQ/HCQ, 2) a matched ECG study of subjects taking CQ/HCQ compared to controls, and 3) a mortality study on people taking HCQ matched to control. In both matched studies, we adjusted for connective tissue diseases, use of QT-prolonging drugs, and cardiac disease. We used the QTc interval as the marker for electrocardiographic safety. In the mortality study, cases were followed from first claimed prescription until 300 days after estimated completion of the last prescription. 95% confidence intervals follow estimates in parenthesis. Results: Use of CQ was associated with a 5.5 (0.7;10) ms increase in QTc in the paired study (n=10). In the matched study (n=28, controls=280), QTc was insignificantly increased in subjects taking CQ by 4.7 (-3.4;13) ms. With a ΔQTc of 1.0 (-5.6;7.5), use of HCQ was not associated with an increased QTc in the paired study (n=32). In the matched study (n=172, controls=1,720), QTc also was not different between groups (p=0.5). In the mortality study (n=3,368), use of HCQ was associated with a hazard ratio of 0.67 (0.43;1.05). Conclusions: In subjects free of COVID-19, we found a small increase in QTc associated with use of chloroquine, but not hydroxychloroquine. We found no increased mortality associated with use of hydroxychloroquine.

We analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and government policies on firms' aid take-up, layoff and furlough decisions. We collect new survey data for 10,642 small, medium and large Danish firms, and match to government records of all aid-supported furloughed workers during the pandemic as well as administrative accounting data. This is the first representative sample of firms reporting the pandemic's impact on their revenue and labor choices, showing a steep decline in revenue and a strong reported effect of labor aid take-up on lower job separations. Relative to a normal year, 30 percent more firms have experienced revenue declines. Comparing firms' actual layoff and furlough decisions to their reported counterfactual decisions in the absence of aid, we estimate 81,000 fewer workers were laid off and 285,000 workers were furloughed. Our results suggest the aid policy was effective in preserving job matches at the start of the pandemic.

Objective To study the association between behavioural factors and incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Design Case–control web-based questionnaire study.Setting Questionnaire data were collected in the Capital Region of Denmark in December 2020 when limited restrictions were in place, while the number of daily SARS-CoV-2 cases increased rapidly.Participants 8913 cases of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with two groups of controls: (1) 34 063 individuals with a negative SARS-CoV-2 test from the same date (negative controls, NCs) and 2) 25 989 individuals who had never been tested for a SARS-CoV-2 infection (untested controls, UC). Controls were matched on sex, age, test date and municipality.Exposure Activities during the 14 days prior to being tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or during the same period for matched controls and precautions taken during the entire pandemic.Main outcomes and measures SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence rate ratios (IRR).Results Response rate was 41.4% (n=93 121). Using public transportation, grocery shopping (IRR: NC: 0.52; UC: 0.63) and outdoor sports activities (NC: 0.75; UC: 0.96) were not associated with increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most precautions, for example, using hand sanitizer (NC: 0.79; UC: 0.98), physical distancing (NC: 0.79; UC: 0.82) and avoiding handshakes (NC: 0.74; UC: 0.77), were associated with a lower rate of infection. Activities associated with many close contacts, especially indoors, increased rate of infection. Except for working from home, all types of occupation were linked to increased rate of infection.Conclusions In a community setting with moderate restrictions, activities such as using public transportation and grocery shopping with the relevant precautions were not associated with an increased rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Exposures and activities where safety measures are difficult to maintain might be important risk factors for infection. These findings may help public health authorities tailor their strategies for limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

The often synanthropic long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is listed in Appendix II of CITES and was recently updated to Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The update was highly anticipated, as it can have wide-reaching implications for long-tailed macaque conservation and trade. Long-tailed macaques have suffered from intensive capture for biomedical research since the 1960s. From 2008-2019, at least 450,000 live long-tailed macaques, and over 700,000 "specimens" from an unknown number of individuals were part of this trade, with over 50,000 termed as wild-caught. These official trade numbers exclude laundering of wild-caught individuals as captive bred, harvesting for breeding center upkeep, their capture for the pet trade, hunting for consumption, and culling due to human-macaque conflicts. With Fooden's population estimate of 3 million long-tailed macaques in Southeast Asia in 2006, this is likely not sustainable. In some areas, they have already been extirpated because of this trade, as detected by a survey of 200 km of suitable habitat in Cambodia in 2008. Long-tailed macaques are one of the most geographically widely dispersed and adaptable primate species. However, their flexibility and preference for the forest edge draws them to anthropogenic habitats, where their visibility results in assumptions of overabundance, as was demonstrated on Java in 2009 and 2017. Long-tailed macaques face many threats, and there is an urgent need for systematic demographic and range surveys across Southeast Asia, as well as investigation into local, regional and national perceptions of long-tailed macaques. Current conservation foci should include dynamic widespread synanthropic species, such as long-tailed macaques, which are often targets of intensive trade and other threats. Insights from such studies may be critical for effective conservation and management in the 21st century.