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130906077 Bantuan luar negeri merupakan transfer sumber daya dari suatu pemerintah ke pemerintah lain yang dapat berbentuk dana, barang, maupun nasihat teknis. Indonesia Clean energy Development I (ICED I) merupakan bantuan teknis bilateral yang didanai oleh United State Agency for International Development (USAID). Program ini dimulai dari Maret 2011 sampai Februari 2015. ICED I dirancang untuk mendukung Pemerintah Indonesia mengembangkan sumberdaya energi terbarukan berkelanjutan dan mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca dari sumber energi fosil konvensional. Penelitian ini merupakan peenelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan menganalisis peran USAID didalam program Indonesia Clean Energy Development (ICED) tahap I di Sumatera Utara juga menganalisis bantuan luar negeri yang diberikan oleh USAID melalui program ICED I pada tahun 2011-2015. Program ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bantuan teknis perencanaan, desain, dan pelaksanaan program energi bersih dan strategi pengembangan program rendah emisi, memberikan dukungan pengembangan panduan strandar industri, regulasi dan administrasi untuk proyek energi bersih skala kecil dan pelatihan dan peningkatan kapasitas institusional bagi Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Program ICED I telah terlaksana dengan baik dilihat dari dampak yang dihasilkan. Program ini merupakan salah satu jawaban atas permasalahan energi di Indonesia terkhusus di Sumatera Utara. Dengan menekankan kepada penggunaan energi terbarukan, diharapkan Indonesia terkhusus Sumatera Utara dapat menjalankan program pembangunan berkelanjutan. Program ICED I ini tidak hanya membantu Sumatera Utara untuk berkontribusi pada penyediaan energi nasional atau dalam skala nasional, tetapi juga membantu Indonesia untuk berkontribusi dalam poin ke-7 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) yang telah disahkan oleh PBB pada tahun 2015.

This video comprises an address to the attendees of the 23rd Annual John K. Friesen Conference, "Housing Alternatives for an Aging Population" held May 28-29, 2014, Vancouver, BC.The Simon Fraser University Gerontology Research Centre (GRC) and associated Gerontology Department are pleased to welcome you to the 23rd John K. Friesen Conference. This year’s conference, organized and hosted in cooperation with the Lifelong Learning Adults 55+ Program, explores a range of tenure arrangements, housing forms, and service models currently available and under development for adults 55+ in British Columbia, including cohousing popular in the USA; life-lease projects, popular in the prairie provinces; mixed-tenure models and models targeted to specific groups (e.g., Performing Arts Lodges; ethno-cultural housing). Assisted Living was discussed as well as housing and service options that do not require people to move from their current home (e.g., the Village Model, United Way’s Better at Home Program, retro-fitting or adding “smart” technologies). Keynote speakers, expert panels and poster presentations discussed the pros and cons of each housing option and the type of resident for whom it is best suited. The objective of the conference was to provide information that enable people aged 55+ to plan ahead and make informed choices. As well, it was designed to provide a forum for developers (private, public & non-profit) to learn what adults aged 55+ are looking for in the way of housing for their later years.Sponsors: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation; BC Housing; Retirement ConceptsWe also gratefully acknowledge a grant from the SFU Library's Scholarly Digitization Fund for videography and post-production editing.

Polar UDC, created largely by the Scott Polar Library at Cambridge, England, is a variant of Universal Decimal Classification. Polar UDC arranges materials by geography, rather than subject. A system of numerical classes, representing geographic regions overlays the standard UDC subject classification. This allows for the co-location, on shelves, of materials about a place, regardless of the subject. In this example, all of the books shown on the shelf are in class *440.2, which represents Nunavut, in Canada.

Donald Trump, wellknown businessman, tv-host and nowadays the 45th president of The United States. How did a man without earlier political position convince a whole country that he had what it takes to rule it? This study will find out what rhetorical concepts Trump has used during his election and what effect it has given. With a qualitative study and a rhetorical analysis the speech made by Donald Trump during the Republican National Convention 2016 was examined. The rhetorical theory is used through different forms such as ethos, pathos, logos, word figures and thought figures as well as tropes. An analysis of his use if rhetoric and communication theories has been made to get an as clear picture as possible of how Trump affected his voters. By using both video format and a transcript of the chosen speech it can be concluded that Trump indeed was a skilled speaker during the chosen speech, which led to many people standing on his side. He acts like a politician should and is clear on what he wants to change and what will happen once he becomes president. Rhetoric is an important part of politics and should be used properly to reach out to as many supporters as possible. Trump has learned from earlier politicians how important rhetoric is and now he can be seen using it himself to win the presidental election, despite his lack of previous political activity and experience that his opponent possesses. Trump had through this analysis proven to be a great speaker and knowledgeble within the rhetorical field. He barely speaks a single sentence without any rhetorical concept and early on, the rhetorical impact on his voters can be understood. He follows different presidential structures and uses the communication theories which are presented. Trump wants to be a man for the people and succeeds to convince with arguments filled with ethos, pathos, logos as well as a comfortable usage of figures and tropes. His performance is as a presidents should be. Donald Trump, välkänd affärsman, programledare och numera USA:s 45:e president. Hur lyckades egentligen en man som inte varit i en politisk position tidigare övertyga ett helt land att han har vad som krävs för att styra det? Studien skall ta reda på vilka retoriska begrepp Trump använt sig av under sin valperiod och vilken effekt de har gett. Med en kvalitativ studie och retorisk analys undersöks Donald Trumps tal under the Republican National Convention, 2016. Den retoriska teorin anväands med hjälp av olika former såsom ethos, pathos, logos, ordfigurer och tankefigurer samt troper. En analys av hans användning av retorik och kommunikationsteorier görs för att få en så konkret bild som möjligt av hur Trump talade för att påverka sina väljare. Med hjälp av både videoformat och ett transkript av det valda talet dras slutsatsen att Trump varit en skicklig talare under det valda talet, då han fått med sig många människor till att stå på hans sida. Han för sig som en politiker bör och är tydlig med vad han vill förändra och vad som kommer ske när han blir president. Retoriken är en viktig del inom politiken och det gäller att använda den rätt för att nå ut till så många anhängare som möjligt. Trump har lärt sig av tidigare politiker hur viktigt retoriken är och nu ses han själv använda sig av den för att kunna vinna presidentvalet, trots att hans bakgrund saknar samma politiska erfarenhet som hans motståandare besitter. Trump har genom denna analys bevisats vara en duktig talare och kunnig inom det retoriska fältet. Han talar knappt en enda mening utan ett retoriskt begrepp och tidigt kan retorikens påverkan på hans röstare förstås. Han följer olika presidentiella strukturer och använder sig av de kommunikationsteorierna som presenteras. Trump vill vara en man för folket och lyckas övertyga med argument fyllda med ethos, pathos, logos samt ett bekvämt användande av figurer och troper. Hans framträdande är som en president bör vara.

We are happy to introduce the final publication of EDUCRO (Edu-Creating New Customer Value through Cross-border Co-operation) project. EDUCRO started in Fall 2019 and is finalizing its existence by the end of 2022. The purpose of the project was to help small scale cultural organizations in both countries to find innovative ways to develop their operations by finding not just new international partners but also fresh ideas and tools to work with audiences in a digital area. From the very beginning EDUCRO has been a co-operative project between universities and cultural institutions in both side of the Finnish and Russian border. This co-operation has already its roots in past decades where people and organizations in creative sector and universities in both countries have developed their mutual understanding and ways to interact in the region. EDUCRO’s one purpose was to collect best practices and innovate something bigger and more effective for the future in this area. EDUCRO is one of those international project’s being a victim of unexpected threats. Global pandemic and war in Europe have had the impact to the project and many planned activities had to be transform or even call off. In the end digital and online activities had a much bigger role in the project that was planned. Due to participants’ ability to adapt to these new situations and because of their strong commitment it was possible to continue the project and create many fundamental and crucial results that will have impact in the future. This publication includes articles and reviews based on the project and its’ activities. There are also international conference articles where some experience and results have already been presented to international audience. EDUCRO was a pedagogical project, it was a practical and business-oriented project, and it was also a project that brought people and organizations together: building bridges between Finland and Russia. All these features can be found in following articles. Authors are discussing how to develop digital cross-border collaboration and what can be learned from participant’s experiences in e-learning. It is also important to understand how to incorporate sustainable business management and profit earning, and to what extent can higher education curriculum serve and bring together people in creative sector. These important aspects are also discussed in the articles. EDUCRO project has been interesting, challenging and full of surprises. We hope you enjoy reading about this whole experience and knowledge the project has offered to our project team. The conference articles are included in this publication with the permission from the publishers. The CC-BY-SA license otherwise granted to this publication is not applicable to conference articles.

Jordskred uppstår när en sammanhängande jordmassa kommer i snabb rörelse. Det är en typ av naturolyckor som kan skada både infrastruktur och människor. Sannolikheten att ett jordskred inträffar ökar efter skogsbränder. Samtidigt kan klimatförändringar leda till en ökning av skogsbränder vilket i sin tur kan leda till en ökad risk för jordskred i framtiden. Syftet med det här projektet är att bidra till bedömningen av risken av jordskred till följd av skogsbänder i västra Nordamerika och att identifiera andra områden som också har en stor risk att drabbs av skred efter skogsbränder genom att identifiera riskfaktorer. Under projektets gång skapades en databas med områden där jordskred inträffade efter skogsbränder i västra Nordamerika. Den vetenskapliga litteraturen visade några egenskaper av skred och områdena, t.ex. när branden och skredet hände, vilken berggrund finns i området och texturen av jordarten i området. Dessutom användandes GIS (Geographical Information System) med satellitbilder och DEM (Digital Elevation models), som visade information om brandskador samt de geomorfologiska karaktärerna av områden. Resultaten visade att formationen av jordskred kräver omfattande låga till måttliga brandskador som resulterar i ett starkt vattenavvisande jordlager. Detta jordlager minskar infiltrationskapaciteten av jorden och resulterar i mer ytavrinning vilket orsakar skred till följd av brand. Även en grov textur av jordlagret är viktig eftersom den också bidrar till ett starkt vattenavvisande jordlager. Dessutom kan askpartiklar bli fångade in i stora porer i jord med en grov textur vilket minskar infiltrationskapaciteten och ökar ytavrinningen. Det finns alltså två krav för att ett jordskred ska inträffa efter en skogsbrand: i) omfattande låga-måttliga brandskador, och ii) en grov textur av jorden. Vidare finns det några ytterligare egenskaper som ökar risken för skred efter skogsbränder om de två kraven är uppfyllda. Den hypsometriska integralen (ett sätt att uttrycka hypsometrin av en dal) ligger oftast mellan 0.50-0.60 vilket är normal för en geomorfologiskt sett mogna område. Dessutom hade de flesta områdena i projektet en medellutning mellan 25o och 30o. Dock fanns det även tillfällen där värdena låg utanför dessa intervaller. Därför kan dessa värden i sig inte användas som riskfaktorer, utan borde de även kombineras med de övriga egenskaperna som beskrivs i den här undersökningen. Det är också relevant att veta när jordskred inträffar till följd av skogsbränder. Resultaten visade att skred kan hända strax efter skogsbränder i slutet av sommaren när det finns kraftigt regn. Det är då som det vattenavvisande jordlagret är som starkast. Det vattenavvisande lagret minskar i styrkan under året, men det är också möjligt att det inträffar ett jordskred under sommaren året efter en skogsbrand. Då är jorden torr i slutet av sommaren när kraftigt regn inträffar efter torra månader. Torr jorden bidrar även till en minskad infiltrationskapacitet. Regn i vinter gör jorden blöt vilket ökar infiltrationskapaciteten av jorden. Dessutom sker det även skogsbränder utanför den traditionella skogsbrandsäsongen nuförtiden, t.ex. tidigt i vintern. I så fall kan jordskred också inträffa under samma vinter strax efter skogsbranden, därför att det vattenavvisande jordlagret som skapas i branden fortfarande är starkt då. Som nämnts tidigare finns det en riskprofil som kan användas för att identifiera områden som har en hög risk för jordskred efter skogsbränder, men möjligheten att ett jordskred inträffar under vintern istället för (slutet av) sommaren bör även iakttas. Risken växer nämligen i samband med klimatförändringar som leder till mer skogsbränder; inte bara under sommaren, utan även under vintern. Climate change is leading to in an increase in frequency and severity of wildfires, which in turn can result in the formation of runoff-initiated post-wildfire debris flows. This type of debris flows is, like most debris flows, triggered by heavy precipitation events. Debris flows have the potential to cause much damage, and therefore it is important to analyse when and where the risk of these flows exists. This study aims to identify shared characteristics of basins that experienced post-wildfire debris flows in order to improve future risk analyses regarding such flows. These characteristics were studied through the analysis of 42 basins in 10 burned areas across western North America, which experienced a total of 67 post-wildfire debris flows between 2000 and 2018. Literature research and existing databases revealed the bedrock, soil texture and the timing of the flows compared to the wildfires. Spatial analysis using ArcMap allowed for the analysis of the burn severity of the basins, the hypsometry of the basins, and the mean slope of the basins. Analysis of these characteristics revealed the importance of the hypsometric integral, the soil texture, and the mean slope angle of the basins. In general, the hypsometric integral tends to fall between 0.50 and 0.60 and only soils with a coarse texture were identified for the basins. The mean slope angle of the basins is commonly between 25-30o, with a wider range of slopes being able to generate debris flows shortly after the fire. If multiple basins in a small area are burned, those with steeper slope angles have a higher potential to generate debris flows, while basins with steeper slopes do not have a higher risk on large regional scales. In order to generate post-wildfire debris flows the basin also needs to be burned at a large extent at low to medium severity, resulting in an extensive and strong water-repellent layer required to generate the runoff that is needed to generate a debris flow. Seasonal wetting during winters and drying of the soil during summers can reduce or enhance runoff respectively as well. As a result, post-wildfire debris flows occur mostly during the late summer months shortly after a wildfire when precipitation is increasing through summer storms, or a year later when the soil is dried and primed during the summer followed by such a summer storm. Fires during winter and thus outside the traditional wildfire season can lead to post-wildfire debris flows during winter as well due to the strength of the fresh water-repellent layer. Climate change which will lead to more fires during late autumn and winter months can thereby result in post-wildfire debris flows during winter, rather than only during the summer months following wildfires in the traditional fire season.

This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Guinea and recommendations to move forward. This report is part of a series of reports prepared by the World Bank using the SABER-ECD framework and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition and social and child protection policies and interventions in Guinea, along with regional and international comparisons.

Objective: To describe injuries and illnesses across traditional and new sports among the participating athletes of the Buenos Aires 2018 Youth Olympic Summer Games (BA YOG) (6–18 October 2018). Methods: We recorded the daily number of athlete injuries and illnesses (1) through the reporting of all National Olympic Committee (NOC) medical teams and (2) in the polyclinic and medical venues manned by the BA YOG 2018 medical staff. Results: In total, 3.984 athletes from 206 NOCs were observed. NOCs and BA YOG 2018 medical staff reported 619 injuries and 334 illnesses, equalling 15.5 injuries and 8.4 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 13-day period. The eight new sports on the Youth Olympic programme (futsal, beach handball, karate, roller speed skating, kitesurfing, BMX freestyle, climbing and break dancing) fell in between the other sports with respect to injury and illness risk. Injury incidence was highest in rugby (43% of all rugby players), followed by boxing (33%) and badminton (24%), and lowest in swimming, archery, roller speed skating, equestrian, climbing and rowing (<5%). The highest incidences of illness were recorded in golf (20%), followed by triathlon (16%), beach volleyball and diving (both 14%). Of the illnesses, 50% affected the respiratory system and 15% the gastrointestinal system. Injury and illness incidences varied between continents with athletes representing Europe having significantly fewer injuries and illnesses compared with other continents, apart from a similar illness incidence to Asian athletes. Conclusion: The overall injury incidence of 15.5 injuries per 100 athletes was higher, while the overall illness incidence of 8.4 illnesses per 100 athletes was similar to previous youth and Olympic Games. The new sports did not differ significantly compared with the other sports with respect to injury and illness risk.

The purpose of this study is to examine Donald Trump's political communication regarding COVID-19 on Twitter during the time period 01-01-2020 to 30-09-2020. This study is motivated by the importance of analyzing Trump's power of definition regarding the situation surrounding the national crisis caused by COVID-19. The research questions include aspects of identifying frequent problem definitions, who is responsible for various crisis and whether Trump is motivating it, all provided through Trump’s tweets during the time period of the study. The theoretical framework is constructed based on Entman (1993) as well as Matthes and Kohring (2008) to fulfill the purpose of the study and answer the research questions. The method is based on quantitative content analysis with qualitative elements. The method provided the ability to focus on the most frequent themes and topics. The analytical categories that have been used are: problem identification, problem definition, treatment recommendation, distribution of responsibility and whether it is motivated or not. Findings of the most frequent societal crises were: Health crisis, Invisible Enemy-crisis and Information-crisis. Based on these three frames were identified: China is responsible for causing a Health crisis in the USA, China is responsible for causing the Invisible enemy-crisis in the USA and The spreading of disinformation by certain actors is harmful for the USA. With support of previous research of Donald Trump's political communication and usage of Twitter, this study highlights the importance of critically analyzing Trump, belonging to the political elite, how he uses his power to define COVID-19.