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Nanostructured electrodes detecting bacteria or viruses through DNA hybridization represent a promising method, which may be useful in on-field applications where PCR-based methods are very expensive, time-consuming, and require trained personnel. Indeed, electrochemical sensors combine disposability, fast response, high sensitivity, and portability. Here, a low-cost and high-surface-area electrode, based on Au-decorated NiO nanowalls, demonstrates a highly sensitive PCR-free detection of a real sample of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) DNA. NiO nanowalls, synthesized by aqueous methods, thermal annealing, and Au decoration, by electroless deposition, ensure a high-surface-area platform for successful immobilization of Ma thiolated probe DNA. The morphological, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the electrode were characterized, and a reproducible detection of synthetic Ma DNA was observed and investigated by impedance measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ascribed the origin of impedance signal to the Ma DNA hybridization with its probe immobilized onto the electrode. The electrode successfully discriminates between DNA extracted from healthy and infected sheep milk, showing the ability to detect Ma DNA in concentrations as low as 53 ± 2 copy number μL-1. The Au-decorated NiO nanowall electrode represents a promising route toward PCR-free, disposable, rapid, and molecular detection.

An endomorphism [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] is called a cyclic endomorphism if the subgroup [Formula: see text] is cyclic for all elements [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. It can be proved that every cyclic endomorphism is normal, i.e. it commutes with every inner automorphism of [Formula: see text] (see [F. de Giovanni, M. L. Newell and A. Russo, On a class of normal endomorphisms of groups, J. Algebra its Appl. 13 (2014) 6pp.]). In this paper, some further properties of cyclic endomorphisms will be pointed out. Moreover, the structure of a group [Formula: see text] in which the group [Formula: see text] of cyclic automorphisms has finite index in [Formula: see text] will be investigated.

The bachelor thesis concentrates on the inventories as one of the basic accounting categories. The thesis informs us about essential details, methods of recording and especially about the impact of various valuation methods which is exemplified in a complex example.

The aim of this thesis was to study the possibilities for targeting in tumor immunotherapy. We studied the expression of phosphatidylserine in melanoma B16-F10 in vivo and in cell culture B16-F10 in vitro. We analyzed conditions resulting in higher expression of phosphatidylserine on tumor cells surface.

Lately, the supply of employee benefits is component of remuneration. Employees do not get wage only. There is huge quantity of employee benefits. This paper firstly defines employee benefits, summarizes tax legislative and points out new trends which are connected with this topic. After the short introduction of the company Ceska sporitelna, I am trying to describe the system of employee benefits at this company, I am also analyzing this system from the view of satisfaction, foreknowledge and the rate of exploitation by the questionnaires. At the end of my paper I am evaluating all the mentioned system of benefits and I am offering some improvements.

A new experimental protocol for the evaluation of the flow activation volume is proposed. It is based on step-shear experiments carried out on polymer melts. The flow activation volume evaluated agrees with the volume of a tube confining the chain, and is the same for the polymer melt and its composites with as received and functionalized carbon nanotubes. The functional groups bonded to the carbon nanotubes surface facilitate the polymer melt flow, eliminating the solid-like behavior in the high temperature flow region. A model for the morphology of polymer melts with carbon nanotubes is discussed. Polymer–nanotube interaction energies are discussed and the relaxation time of these interactions is estimated. The link between the solid-like behavior at the flow region and the strong shear thinning observed for the carbon nanotube composites is explained analyzing the different response to shear flow of each of the three networks considered by a model for the morphology of these composites.

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The university as an organization is changing, incorporating elements of private sector management in an academic setting. In these transforming universities middle management has changed as well. In this contribution changes in the role and position of the academic deanship are analysed in more detail. On the basis of a literature review, a description of the deanship is provided, including the main challenges this position entails. It is argued that the deanship has become more demanding, more senior, more strategic, more complex and more managerial in nature, though within the overall context of academe. We illustrate both the complexity and changing nature of the deanship by drawing on two empirical studies. Since research on middle management in universities is still rather thin, more research is welcome. Therefore we conclude with some suggestions for further research to enhance our understanding of what we see as a key management position within today's universities.