Advanced search in
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
4 Research products
Relevance
arrow_drop_down
unfold_lessCompact results

  • Open Access
  • Restricted
  • Open Source
  • Research data
  • Other research products
  • Tara Expeditions Foundation
  • FR
  • French

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mayot, Nicolas;

    The phytoplankton are essential for the oceanic trophic webs and for biogeochemical cycles on Earth. However, uncertainties remain about the environmental factors influencing its seasonality, and its growing efficiency. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the responses of the phytoplankton to the interannual variability of the environmental factors, in the Mediterranean Sea. More precisely, we aim to assess the influence of the environmental factors on phytoplankton seasonality. The interannual variability of the phytoplankton annual cycles are analyzed in the Mediterranean Sea, thus highlighting the regions associated with annual cycle variability, like the ones where deep-water formation events occur recurrently. One of these regions is the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. A multiplatform approach based on in situ observations is implemented to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton seasonality in this particular region. The influences of mixed layer depth and the light availability on phytoplankton seasonality are assessed. An intense deepening of the mixed layer (related to the deep convection) increases the magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Moreover, the strong deepening of mixed layer seems to induce favorable conditions for an important accumulation of micro-phytoplankton (composed of diatoms mainly). In turn, the phytoplankton production rate increases, mostly, the primary production rate of diatoms. Finally, at the scale of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, the shift in the phytoplankton community structure and in production induces an increase of the organic carbon stock produced during spring. Le phytoplancton est un élément primordial dans les réseaux trophiques marins et il est un acteur principal dans les cycles biogéochimiques de la planète. Cependant, des incertitudes subsistent autour des facteurs environnementaux influençant sa saisonnalité ainsi que sa capacité à se développer. L’objectif majeur de cette thèse est d’étudier la réponse du phytoplancton à la variabilité interannuelle des facteurs environnementaux en Mer Méditerranée. Plus précisément, il s’agit de déterminer l’influence de ces derniers sur la saisonnalité du phytoplancton.Dans un premier temps, la variabilité interannuelle des cycles annuels de biomasses phytoplanctoniques observables en Méditerranée a été analysée. Certaines régions, tel que les zones de formation d’eau dense, présentent une variabilité interannuelle importante. L’une des régions les plus variables est la zone de formation d’eau dense en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale. Une approche multi-outils basée sur des observations a été mise en place pour l’étude des variations spatiale et temporelle de la saisonnalité du phytoplancton dans cette région. Le rôle crucial du mélange vertical et de la disponibilité en lumière sur la saisonnalité du phytoplancton a été évalué. Il est démontré qu’une couche de mélange profonde pendant l’hiver augmente l’intensité du bloom phytoplanctonique printanier, due à une présence plus importante dans la communauté phytoplanctonique de micro-phytoplancton. En conséquence, le taux de production primaire printanier augmente. Enfin, ces modifications de la communauté phytoplanctonique et de la production provoquent une augmentation du stock de carbone organique produit au printemps.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Denoeud, France;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-CEA; Halarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-CEA; Hal
    Other ORP type . 2022
    Data sources: Hal; HAL-CEA
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-CEA; Halarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-CEA; Hal
      Other ORP type . 2022
      Data sources: Hal; HAL-CEA
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Maillet, Nicolas;

    La métagénomique vise à étudier le contenu génétique et génomique d'un échantillon provenant d'un environnement naturel. Cette discipline récente s'attache à étudier les génomes de différents organismes provenant d'un même milieu. La métagénomique pose de nouvelles questions, tant d'un point de vue biologique qu'informatique. Les masses de données générées par les études métagénomiques et la complexité des milieux étudiés, nécessitent de développer de nouvelles structures de données et de nouveaux algorithmes dédiés. Parmi les différentes approches existantes en métagénomique, la métagénomique comparative consiste à comparer plusieurs métagénomes afin d'en connaître les divers degrés de similarité. Lorsque cette comparaison se base uniquement sur le contenu brut des échantillons, sans faire appel à des connaissances externes, on parle de métagénomique comparative de novo. L'objectif des travaux que nous proposons est de développer une méthode permettant d'extraire les séquences similaires de deux jeux de données métagénomiques, où chaque jeu peut être composé de centaines de millions de courtes séquences. La comparaison proposée consiste à identifier les séquences d'un premier jeu similaires à au moins une séquence d'un second jeu. Afin d'être rapide et économe en mémoire, l'implémentation de notre méthode a nécessité la conception d'une nouvelle structure d'indexation, basée sur le filtre de bloom. Le logiciel final, nommé Compareads, a une consommation mémoire faible (de l'ordre de quelques go) et peut calculer l'intersection de deux échantillons de 100 millions de séquences chacun en une dizaine d'heures. Notre méthode est une heuristique qui génère un faible taux de faux positifs. Le logiciel Compareads est dédié à l'analyse de grands jeux de données métagénomiques. À l'heure actuelle, il est le seul outil capable de comparer de tels jeux. Compareads a été appliqué sur plusieurs projets métagénomiques. Notre outil produit des résultats robustes, biologiquement exploitables et en accord avec diverses méthodes fondamentalement différentes. Il est actuellement utilisé de manière intensive sur les échantillons provenant de l'expédition tara oceans. Sur ce projet, notre méthode à permis de mettre en évidence que les grands systèmes océaniques influent sur la répartition globale des micro-organismes marins. Metagenomics studies overall genomic information of multiple organisms coming from the same biotope. The information is generally provided by next generation sequencing technologies (NGS). Typical data are samples of short reads (i.e. reads of few hundred base pairs). To study such metagenomics information, we developed an original method for extracting similarities between two samples of reads. More precisely, this approach locates the set of common reads present in two samples. In order to fit with current memory capacities and to be time efficient, we used a modified Bloom filter data structure. Finding the common reads between multiple samples and crossing this information with the location of samples leads to visualize some biological processes like ubiquitous species or effect of water stream caring some species. Finally, the tool can also be used as a filter on metagenomics datas to remove for example only one specie. Our software, Compareads, is actually used on the Tara Oceans project where it shows that global dynamic of oceans seems to play a part on the dispersion of marine microorganisms.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Biard, Tristan;

    Les Collodaires (Radiolaires) sont des eucaryotes unicellulaires (protistes) marins appartenant au super-groupe des Rhizaria. Tandis que certains sont caractérisés par un mode de vie colonial, d’autres sont observés sous la forme de larges organismes solitaires. Les Collodaires sont des protistes hétérotrophes, prédateurs de plancton, mais également hôtes systématiques de micro-algues photosynthétiques intracellulaires. Les récentes analyses de leur diversité moléculaire dans l’environnement ont démontré leur importante contribution aux communautés planctoniques ainsi que leur distribution globale dans l’océan mondial. Cependant, nos connaissances sur leur diversité, biogéographie et écologie restent paradoxalement parcellaires. La première partie de cette thèse a été dédiée à des études morphologiques détaillées (en microscopie électronique et optique) et combinées à une phylogénie moléculaire élaborée en séquençant les sous-unités 18S et 28S de l’ADN ribosomal pour 75 spécimens, coloniaux ou solitaires. Ce travail a abouti à la réévaluation de la classification des Collodaires et à l’élaboration d’une base de référence morpho-moléculaire robuste. Par la suite, ce cadre de référence morpho-moléculaire a permis d’explorer la biodiversité des Collodaires grâce à une approche de metabarcoding appliquée à une série d’échantillons collectés dans l’océan mondial pendant l’Expédition Tara Océans. La distribution cosmopolite à la surface des océans des différents taxons qui composent les Collodaires, a révélé une diversité plus importante dans les vastes régions océaniques intertropicales et oligotrophiques. Les Collosphaeridae ont été principalement observés en pleine mer alors que les Sphaerozoidae formaient la famille dominante dans les régions côtières, où la biodiversité des Collodaires était plus faible. Les Collophidiidae, formellement décrits au cours de thèse, ont rarement été rencontrés dans les zones photiques, quelque que soit la latitude, suggérant ainsi qu’ils occupent une niche écologique particulière. Enfin, j’ai également employé la technologie d’imagerie in situ Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) afin d’explorer de façon quantitative les abondances et biomasses des Collodaires et des Rhizaria, à travers l’océan mondial. Cette approche a révélé que les Rhizaria forment un composant majeur du méso- et macro-plancton, et représentent jusqu’à 4,5% de la biomasse globale des 200 premiers mètres de l’océan mondial. Plus particulièrement dans les 100 premiers mètres, les Collodaires constituent le groupe le plus important des Rhizaria et leur distribution suggère que la photosymbiose pourrait influencer leur succès dans les régions oligotrophiques où ils sont particulièrement abondants. Au-delà d’améliorer notre compréhension de la diversité, la biogéographie et l’écologie des Collodaires dans l’océan mondial, ce travail de thèse souligne la pertinence de combiner et d’utiliser des approches alternatives d’échantillonnage et d’analyses tel que le séquençage haut-débit et l’imagerie in situ dans l’étude des protistes marins dans leur environnement. Collodaria (Radiolaria) are unicellular marine eukaryotes (protists) belonging to the super-group Rhizaria. Collodarian species contribute to planktonic communities as large solitary cells or can form large gelatinous colonies. They are heterotrophic organisms feeding on other plankton, which also systematically harbour intracellular symbiotic microalgae. Recent environmental molecular diversity surveys demonstrated their important contribution to planktonic communities and their worldwide occurrence in the global ocean. However, knowledge on their diversity, biogeography and ecology is paradoxically very poor. In the first part of this thesis I performed detailed morphological analyses (electron and optical microscopy) combined with a molecular phylogeny based on the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, sequencing for a total of 75 distinct colonial and solitary specimens. Ultimately, this work led to the revision of the Collodaria classification and to the construction of a robust morpho-molecular reference database. Then, this morpho-molecular framework allowed the exploration of Collodaria biodiversity through a metabarcoding approach across samples collected in the global ocean during the Tara Ocean expedition. The cosmopolitan distribution of the different collodarian taxa in the surface oceans revealed a higher biodiversity in the vast oligotrophic inter-tropical open oceans. Collosphaeridae were predominantly found in the open oceans while the Sphaerozoidae were the dominant family in the less diverse coastal regions. The newly defined Collophidiidae were rarely encountered in the photic zones at all latitudes, suggesting that they inhabit a different ecological niche. Finally, I also used the in situ imaging system Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) to quantitatively explore the abundances and biomasses of collodarian and rhizarian in the global ocean. This approach revealed that the Rhizaria were a major component of the meso- and macro-plankton, constituting up to 4.5% of the global carbon standing stock in the upper 200 m of the world oceans. More specifically, Collodaria were the most important rhizarian groups in the first 100 m of the oceans, and their distribution suggested that photosymbiosis might be an important factor explaining their success in oligotrophic regions where they are particularly abundant. Besides the improvement of our knowledge on the diversity, biogeography and ecology of Collodaria in the global ocean, this thesis highlights the relevance to combine and/or use alternative sampling and analytical procedures such as high-throughput sequencing and in situ imaging technologies to study marine protists in their environment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Advanced search in
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
4 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mayot, Nicolas;

    The phytoplankton are essential for the oceanic trophic webs and for biogeochemical cycles on Earth. However, uncertainties remain about the environmental factors influencing its seasonality, and its growing efficiency. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the responses of the phytoplankton to the interannual variability of the environmental factors, in the Mediterranean Sea. More precisely, we aim to assess the influence of the environmental factors on phytoplankton seasonality. The interannual variability of the phytoplankton annual cycles are analyzed in the Mediterranean Sea, thus highlighting the regions associated with annual cycle variability, like the ones where deep-water formation events occur recurrently. One of these regions is the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. A multiplatform approach based on in situ observations is implemented to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of the phytoplankton seasonality in this particular region. The influences of mixed layer depth and the light availability on phytoplankton seasonality are assessed. An intense deepening of the mixed layer (related to the deep convection) increases the magnitude of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Moreover, the strong deepening of mixed layer seems to induce favorable conditions for an important accumulation of micro-phytoplankton (composed of diatoms mainly). In turn, the phytoplankton production rate increases, mostly, the primary production rate of diatoms. Finally, at the scale of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, the shift in the phytoplankton community structure and in production induces an increase of the organic carbon stock produced during spring. Le phytoplancton est un élément primordial dans les réseaux trophiques marins et il est un acteur principal dans les cycles biogéochimiques de la planète. Cependant, des incertitudes subsistent autour des facteurs environnementaux influençant sa saisonnalité ainsi que sa capacité à se développer. L’objectif majeur de cette thèse est d’étudier la réponse du phytoplancton à la variabilité interannuelle des facteurs environnementaux en Mer Méditerranée. Plus précisément, il s’agit de déterminer l’influence de ces derniers sur la saisonnalité du phytoplancton.Dans un premier temps, la variabilité interannuelle des cycles annuels de biomasses phytoplanctoniques observables en Méditerranée a été analysée. Certaines régions, tel que les zones de formation d’eau dense, présentent une variabilité interannuelle importante. L’une des régions les plus variables est la zone de formation d’eau dense en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale. Une approche multi-outils basée sur des observations a été mise en place pour l’étude des variations spatiale et temporelle de la saisonnalité du phytoplancton dans cette région. Le rôle crucial du mélange vertical et de la disponibilité en lumière sur la saisonnalité du phytoplancton a été évalué. Il est démontré qu’une couche de mélange profonde pendant l’hiver augmente l’intensité du bloom phytoplanctonique printanier, due à une présence plus importante dans la communauté phytoplanctonique de micro-phytoplancton. En conséquence, le taux de production primaire printanier augmente. Enfin, ces modifications de la communauté phytoplanctonique et de la production provoquent une augmentation du stock de carbone organique produit au printemps.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Denoeud, France;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-CEA; Halarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-CEA; Hal
    Other ORP type . 2022
    Data sources: Hal; HAL-CEA
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-CEA; Halarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-CEA; Hal
      Other ORP type . 2022
      Data sources: Hal; HAL-CEA
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Maillet, Nicolas;

    La métagénomique vise à étudier le contenu génétique et génomique d'un échantillon provenant d'un environnement naturel. Cette discipline récente s'attache à étudier les génomes de différents organismes provenant d'un même milieu. La métagénomique pose de nouvelles questions, tant d'un point de vue biologique qu'informatique. Les masses de données générées par les études métagénomiques et la complexité des milieux étudiés, nécessitent de développer de nouvelles structures de données et de nouveaux algorithmes dédiés. Parmi les différentes approches existantes en métagénomique, la métagénomique comparative consiste à comparer plusieurs métagénomes afin d'en connaître les divers degrés de similarité. Lorsque cette comparaison se base uniquement sur le contenu brut des échantillons, sans faire appel à des connaissances externes, on parle de métagénomique comparative de novo. L'objectif des travaux que nous proposons est de développer une méthode permettant d'extraire les séquences similaires de deux jeux de données métagénomiques, où chaque jeu peut être composé de centaines de millions de courtes séquences. La comparaison proposée consiste à identifier les séquences d'un premier jeu similaires à au moins une séquence d'un second jeu. Afin d'être rapide et économe en mémoire, l'implémentation de notre méthode a nécessité la conception d'une nouvelle structure d'indexation, basée sur le filtre de bloom. Le logiciel final, nommé Compareads, a une consommation mémoire faible (de l'ordre de quelques go) et peut calculer l'intersection de deux échantillons de 100 millions de séquences chacun en une dizaine d'heures. Notre méthode est une heuristique qui génère un faible taux de faux positifs. Le logiciel Compareads est dédié à l'analyse de grands jeux de données métagénomiques. À l'heure actuelle, il est le seul outil capable de comparer de tels jeux. Compareads a été appliqué sur plusieurs projets métagénomiques. Notre outil produit des résultats robustes, biologiquement exploitables et en accord avec diverses méthodes fondamentalement différentes. Il est actuellement utilisé de manière intensive sur les échantillons provenant de l'expédition tara oceans. Sur ce projet, notre méthode à permis de mettre en évidence que les grands systèmes océaniques influent sur la répartition globale des micro-organismes marins. Metagenomics studies overall genomic information of multiple organisms coming from the same biotope. The information is generally provided by next generation sequencing technologies (NGS). Typical data are samples of short reads (i.e. reads of few hundred base pairs). To study such metagenomics information, we developed an original method for extracting similarities between two samples of reads. More precisely, this approach locates the set of common reads present in two samples. In order to fit with current memory capacities and to be time efficient, we used a modified Bloom filter data structure. Finding the common reads between multiple samples and crossing this information with the location of samples leads to visualize some biological processes like ubiquitous species or effect of water stream caring some species. Finally, the tool can also be used as a filter on metagenomics datas to remove for example only one specie. Our software, Compareads, is actually used on the Tara Oceans project where it shows that global dynamic of oceans seems to play a part on the dispersion of marine microorganisms.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Biard, Tristan;

    Les Collodaires (Radiolaires) sont des eucaryotes unicellulaires (protistes) marins appartenant au super-groupe des Rhizaria. Tandis que certains sont caractérisés par un mode de vie colonial, d’autres sont observés sous la forme de larges organismes solitaires. Les Collodaires sont des protistes hétérotrophes, prédateurs de plancton, mais également hôtes systématiques de micro-algues photosynthétiques intracellulaires. Les récentes analyses de leur diversité moléculaire dans l’environnement ont démontré leur importante contribution aux communautés planctoniques ainsi que leur distribution globale dans l’océan mondial. Cependant, nos connaissances sur leur diversité, biogéographie et écologie restent paradoxalement parcellaires. La première partie de cette thèse a été dédiée à des études morphologiques détaillées (en microscopie électronique et optique) et combinées à une phylogénie moléculaire élaborée en séquençant les sous-unités 18S et 28S de l’ADN ribosomal pour 75 spécimens, coloniaux ou solitaires. Ce travail a abouti à la réévaluation de la classification des Collodaires et à l’élaboration d’une base de référence morpho-moléculaire robuste. Par la suite, ce cadre de référence morpho-moléculaire a permis d’explorer la biodiversité des Collodaires grâce à une approche de metabarcoding appliquée à une série d’échantillons collectés dans l’océan mondial pendant l’Expédition Tara Océans. La distribution cosmopolite à la surface des océans des différents taxons qui composent les Collodaires, a révélé une diversité plus importante dans les vastes régions océaniques intertropicales et oligotrophiques. Les Collosphaeridae ont été principalement observés en pleine mer alors que les Sphaerozoidae formaient la famille dominante dans les régions côtières, où la biodiversité des Collodaires était plus faible. Les Collophidiidae, formellement décrits au cours de thèse, ont rarement été rencontrés dans les zones photiques, quelque que soit la latitude, suggérant ainsi qu’ils occupent une niche écologique particulière. Enfin, j’ai également employé la technologie d’imagerie in situ Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) afin d’explorer de façon quantitative les abondances et biomasses des Collodaires et des Rhizaria, à travers l’océan mondial. Cette approche a révélé que les Rhizaria forment un composant majeur du méso- et macro-plancton, et représentent jusqu’à 4,5% de la biomasse globale des 200 premiers mètres de l’océan mondial. Plus particulièrement dans les 100 premiers mètres, les Collodaires constituent le groupe le plus important des Rhizaria et leur distribution suggère que la photosymbiose pourrait influencer leur succès dans les régions oligotrophiques où ils sont particulièrement abondants. Au-delà d’améliorer notre compréhension de la diversité, la biogéographie et l’écologie des Collodaires dans l’océan mondial, ce travail de thèse souligne la pertinence de combiner et d’utiliser des approches alternatives d’échantillonnage et d’analyses tel que le séquençage haut-débit et l’imagerie in situ dans l’étude des protistes marins dans leur environnement. Collodaria (Radiolaria) are unicellular marine eukaryotes (protists) belonging to the super-group Rhizaria. Collodarian species contribute to planktonic communities as large solitary cells or can form large gelatinous colonies. They are heterotrophic organisms feeding on other plankton, which also systematically harbour intracellular symbiotic microalgae. Recent environmental molecular diversity surveys demonstrated their important contribution to planktonic communities and their worldwide occurrence in the global ocean. However, knowledge on their diversity, biogeography and ecology is paradoxically very poor. In the first part of this thesis I performed detailed morphological analyses (electron and optical microscopy) combined with a molecular phylogeny based on the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, sequencing for a total of 75 distinct colonial and solitary specimens. Ultimately, this work led to the revision of the Collodaria classification and to the construction of a robust morpho-molecular reference database. Then, this morpho-molecular framework allowed the exploration of Collodaria biodiversity through a metabarcoding approach across samples collected in the global ocean during the Tara Ocean expedition. The cosmopolitan distribution of the different collodarian taxa in the surface oceans revealed a higher biodiversity in the vast oligotrophic inter-tropical open oceans. Collosphaeridae were predominantly found in the open oceans while the Sphaerozoidae were the dominant family in the less diverse coastal regions. The newly defined Collophidiidae were rarely encountered in the photic zones at all latitudes, suggesting that they inhabit a different ecological niche. Finally, I also used the in situ imaging system Underwater Vision Profiler (UVP5) to quantitatively explore the abundances and biomasses of collodarian and rhizarian in the global ocean. This approach revealed that the Rhizaria were a major component of the meso- and macro-plankton, constituting up to 4.5% of the global carbon standing stock in the upper 200 m of the world oceans. More specifically, Collodaria were the most important rhizarian groups in the first 100 m of the oceans, and their distribution suggested that photosymbiosis might be an important factor explaining their success in oligotrophic regions where they are particularly abundant. Besides the improvement of our knowledge on the diversity, biogeography and ecology of Collodaria in the global ocean, this thesis highlights the relevance to combine and/or use alternative sampling and analytical procedures such as high-throughput sequencing and in situ imaging technologies to study marine protists in their environment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
Powered by OpenAIRE graph