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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Orzikh, Yu.H.;

    The article is devoted to the problems of application of the notary’s duty to keep notarial secrecy (confidentiality). Theoretical, legislative and practical aspects of notarial secrecy and its application are investigated. In particular, notarial secrecy is considered as the basis of notarial activity and ethical rules of notariat and its organization. The assumption is made that in case of practical impossibility to keep notarial secrecy and threats to notarial secrecy, the level of public trust in the notarial institute will decrease. This, in turn, will lead to a more rapid formation of personal trust relationships and appeal to the notary not as a subject, which can provide appropriate legal assistance and protection of rights and interests, but as a representative of the institute to which the law is required to apply and to whom the person would not turn unless the law required it. The author emphasizes the impossibility of the existence of a notary institution in the conditions of inefficient legislative regulation of notarial secrecy (confidentiality). The ambiguity of legislative regulation is a generating factor for differential law enforcement practice (application of law). Thus, on the materials of the requests of the relevant authorities and officials, in the conditions of necessity to keep notarial secret, the content and nature of the requested information and documents from notaries are analyzed. At the same time, the author emphasizes that even the most perfect legislative regulation of notarial secrecy cannot withstand the realities of everyday law enforcement (application of law) and will entail again ambiguous and differentiated practice of law enforcement. The causal link assumed by the author is that every law enforcement entity operates within the conditions and legal frameworks constructed by the law governing it, the entity, its activities and such regulatory framework, as a rule, without taking into account the features of notarial activity. In other words, the lack of systematicity in the legal system is reproduced in the activities of law enforcement entities, and therefore can be overcome by adjusting the activities of law enforcement entities by the entities themselves. That is why the author believes that quality and effective legislative regulation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for solving the problem of law enforcement practice. The solution to the problem should be based on the basis of qualitative legislation and dialogue of the subjects of law enforcement, which will allow each party to hear the position of the other and create a mechanism for implementation of specific norms without violating them (infringing them) and / or abusing their application. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using mediation in a law enforcement practice (application of law practice) where law enforcement subjects are able and agree on a single interpretation of a specific law in a particular situation. У статті досліджуються проблемні питання правозастосування обов’язку нотаріуса зберігати нотаріальну таємницю. Досліджуються теоретичні, законодавчі та практично-прикладні аспекти нотаріальної таємниці та її правозастосування. Зокрема, нотаріальна таємниця розглядається як базис нотаріальної діяльності та етичних правил організації нотаріальної діяльності. Робиться припущення, що в разі практичної неможливості зберігати нотаріальну таємницю та загрози нотаріальній таємниці рівень довіри суспільства до інститут нотаріату буде знижуватися. Це, своєю чергою, призведе до більш стрімкого формування зв’язків особистісної довіри та звернення до нотаріуса не як до суб’єкта, що може надати відповідну правову допомогу та захист прав та інтересів, а як до представника інституту, до якого зобов’язує звертатися закон і до якого особа не зверталась би, якби того не вимагав закон. Автор наголошує на неможливості існування інституту нотаріату в умовах неефективного законодавчого регулювання нотаріальної таємниці. Неоднозначність законодавчого регулювання стає генеруючим чинником для ди-ференційної практики правозастосування. Так, на матеріалах запитів відповідних органів та посадових осіб в умовах необхідності зберігати нотаріальну таємницю проводиться аналіз змісту та характеру запитуваної інформації та документів від нотаріусів. Водночас автор наголошує, що навіть максимально ідеальне законодавче регулювання нотаріальної таємниці може не витримати реалій повсякденного правозастосування і потягне за собою знову ж таки неоднозначну та диференційовану практику правозастосування. Каузальний зв’язок, який припускається автором, полягає в тому, що кожен суб’єкт правозастосування діє в умовах та правових межах, що сконструйовані нормативно-правовим базисом, що регулює його, суб’єкта, діяльність і такий нормативно-правовий базис побудований, як правило, без урахування особливостей нотаріальної діяльності. Тобто брак системності в правовій системі відтворюється в діяльності суб’єктів правозастосування, а отже, і долатися він може через коригування діяльності суб’єктів правозастосування самими суб’єктами. Саме тому автор вважає, що якісне та ефективне законодавче регулювання є необхідною, але не достатньою умовою вирішення проблеми практики правозастосування. Вирішення проблеми має бути побудоване на фундаменті якісного законодавчого регулювання та діалогу суб’єктівправозастосування, який дасть змогу кожній стороні почути позицію іншої та створити механізм реалізації конкретних норм без їх порушення та/чи зловживань в їх застосуванні. Сформульовано висновок про можливість застосу-вання медіації в такій правозастосовній практиці, де суб’єкти правозастосування здатні та мають змогу домовитись про єдину інтерпретацію конкретної норми в конкретній ситуації.

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    В статті наведено тлумачення поняття «лідерство». Зазначено, що якості лідера можуть бути вроджені. Перераховано риси лідеру, наприклад: порядність, вміння приймати нестандартні управлінські рішення, ентузіазм. Наведено думку науковців про зміну напряму лідерства, тобто Total Quality Management змінюється на Total Quality Leadership. Зображено матрицю, де визначено чотири типи підходів до вивчення лідерства. Представлено групи лідерства відповідно до його визначення, наприклад: лідерство як центр групових процесів, лідерство як вміння переконувати, лідерство як прояв особистих рис. Охарактеризовано два критерії поведінки лідера: ступінь врахування фактора динаміки поведінки лідера, ступінь врахування фактора ситуаційності. Наведено розбіжності між поняттями «лідерство» та «керівництво». Розкрито автократичний стиль лідерства, демократичний стиль та ліберальний стиль. Перераховано та охарактеризовано стратегічні моделі типів лідерів, наприклад «менеджер класичної школи управління», «цілеспрямований стратег» та інше. Представлено ключові елементи лідерської компетентності сучасних керівників. In the article the interpretation of the concept of «leadership». Indicated that a leader can be congenital or educated. Numbered leader lines, such as honesty, ability to accept not standard administrative decisions, enthusiasm. An opinion researchers to change the direction of leadership that Total Quality Management changes at Total Quality Leadership. Depicted matrix outlines four types of approaches to the study of leadership. Presented leadership group according to its definition, such as the lead center group processes, leadership as persuasiveness, leadership as a manifestation of personal traits.Characterized by two criteria leader behavior: incorporation dynamic behavior factor leader incorporation factor situation. An differences between the concepts of «leadership» and «management». Exposed autocratic leadership style, democratic style and liberal style. Listed and described the strategic model types of leaders, such as «manager of the classical school of management», «strategist focused» and more. Presents the key elements of modern leadership competencies of managers.

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    Authors: Horbyk, Roman;

    The article considers the problems of form and genre structure in the illustrated magazines published in the late 1920s and early 1930s in Germany and Soviet Ukraine. The attention is focused on morphology as a factor and indicator of the ideological situation of the time. The emphasis rests upon both similarities (genre structure, the heteronomy of text and picture) and differences (more vs. less regular architectonics, different levels of standardization, practices of parodying the standard).

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    Authors: Mccormick, Kes;

    Природоорієнтовані рішення надають багато переваг у вирішенні низки проблем, пов’язаних зі сталим розвитком міст. Зокрема, вони допомагають обмежити вплив кліматичних змін, покращити біорізноманіття та підвищити якість навколишнього середовища, одночасно сприяючи економічній діяльності та соціальному добробуту. Читайте далі та дізнайтеся більше про природоорієнтовані рішення у світі розвитку міст!

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    Authors: Orzikh, Yu.H.;

    У статті здійснено порівняльний аналіз шведського підходу до окремих аспектів приватного права з системою приватного права Укра-їни. Дослідження зумовлене зобов'язаннями України щодо гармонізації права з правом ЄС, зважаючи на підписану Угоду про Асоціацію з ЄС та статус кандидата на членство в ЄС. У статті розглядаються деякі аспекти шведського приватного права, зокрема його джерела, принцип свободи договору, принцип pacta sunt servanda, принцип clausula rebus sic stantibus, право на заповіт, а також роль держави у приватноправових відносинах, зокрема Шведської податкової адміністрації як державного органу. Автор стверджує, що існує взаємозв'язок між методом регулювання приватноправових відносин і системою джерел права в правовій системі. Чим більше правозастосовча практика та законодавство віддають перевагу суб'єктивній волі учасників приватноправових від-носин як джерелу їх регулювання та джерелу права, тим менший вплив у цих приватноправових відносинах матиме імперативний метод регулювання. Крім того, у статті підкреслюється унікальне у порівнянні з українською дійсністю, становище Шведської податкової служби у приват-них правовідносинах, зокрема у сімейних та спадкових відносинах. Автор доходить висновку, що інтеграція держави у приватні правовід-носини на прикладі Шведської податкової служби за своєю суттю не призводить до обмеження будь-яких прав і свобод. Також зроблено висновок, що реєстрація шлюбних договорів необхідна для більш ретельного захисту прав подружжя, їхніх спадкоємців та третіх осіб. У статті висловлюється думка, що Україна, яка намагається гармонізувати своє право з правом ЄС, може спиратися на досвід швед-ського підходу до приватного права. Автор також наголошує на необхідності проведення додаткових досліджень для повного розуміння особливостей шведського приватного права, перш ніж використовувати його як приклад. The article provides a comparative analysis of the Swedish approach to private law and the legal system of Ukraine. The study is motivated by Ukraine's obligations to harmonize its law with EU law, given its candidacy for EU membership. The article discusses several aspects of Swedish private law, including its sources, the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, the principle of clausula rebus sic stantibus, the right to make a will, and the role of the state in private law relations, specifically the Swedish Tax Administration as a state agency. The author asserts that there is a correlation between the method of regulation of private law relations and the system of sources of law in a legal system. The more the law enforcement practice and legislation give primacy to the subjective will of participants in private law relations as a source of their regulation and a source of law, the less influence the imperative method of regulation will have in these private law relations. In addition, the article highlights the unique position of the Swedish Tax Administration in private law relationships, particularly family and inheritance relations. The author concludes that state integration into private legal relationships, as exemplified by the Swedish Tax Administration, does not inherently result in limitations of any individual rights and freedoms. The author concludes that registration of marriage contracts is necessary in order to protect the rights of spouses, their heirs, and third parties more thoroughly. As it efforts to harmonise its laws with those of the EU, the article suggests that Ukraine can learn from Sweden's approach to private law. The author also emphasises the need for additional research to completely comprehend the peculiarities of Swedish private law before using it as an example.

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    Authors: Orzikh, Yurii; Dryshliuk, Andrii;

    Relevant problems of the practice of application of law and permanent process of improvement of the Ukrainian legislation are examined in this article. In particular authors stress on contradiction between process of the permanent improvement of the legislation and sustainability, predictability and legal certainty as principles of legal system. On the one hand, constant reforming of the legislation of Ukraine does not give possibility for subjects of law to create stable legal relations, which are regulated in a predictable way. On the other hand, legislation of Ukraine must be actual and even few “step ahead” the actual situation in Ukraine. It must give necessary methods, tools and legal instruments, which regulate relations between subjects of law. Described judicial and notarial practical cases show in what way flexibility of the legislation could be provided in conditions of the ongoing changes. Authors consider that qualified and high-quality application of the current legislation by the subjects of application of law gives possibility to provide flexibility of the legislation. Such application of law is done by subjects applying the law, although their actions are not directly provided for by the legislation, but they are not prohibited either. Essential principle of such application of law must be the whole tendency to create those legal consequences of the application of law which will not lead to the direct infringement of somebodies rights and interests within the process of application of law. Illustrated lawsuit and case of notarial practice show how exactly interpretative mechanism and analogy as a tool of the subject applying the law help to avoid infringements of rights and interests of heirs of the deceased person.

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    Authors: Malitska, Julia;

    The thesis reconstructs the processes of migration, adaptation and acculturation experienced by a group of Estonian Swedes in the South of Russian Empire during the period of 1781–1871.

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    Authors: Orzikh, Yurii;
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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2019
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    Authors: Allbäck (Lysenko), Marina;

    Title in English: A Magic World of Mages and Wizards. How to study a novel by J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

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    Authors: Yurchuk, Yuliya;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Orzikh, Yu.H.;

    The article is devoted to the problems of application of the notary’s duty to keep notarial secrecy (confidentiality). Theoretical, legislative and practical aspects of notarial secrecy and its application are investigated. In particular, notarial secrecy is considered as the basis of notarial activity and ethical rules of notariat and its organization. The assumption is made that in case of practical impossibility to keep notarial secrecy and threats to notarial secrecy, the level of public trust in the notarial institute will decrease. This, in turn, will lead to a more rapid formation of personal trust relationships and appeal to the notary not as a subject, which can provide appropriate legal assistance and protection of rights and interests, but as a representative of the institute to which the law is required to apply and to whom the person would not turn unless the law required it. The author emphasizes the impossibility of the existence of a notary institution in the conditions of inefficient legislative regulation of notarial secrecy (confidentiality). The ambiguity of legislative regulation is a generating factor for differential law enforcement practice (application of law). Thus, on the materials of the requests of the relevant authorities and officials, in the conditions of necessity to keep notarial secret, the content and nature of the requested information and documents from notaries are analyzed. At the same time, the author emphasizes that even the most perfect legislative regulation of notarial secrecy cannot withstand the realities of everyday law enforcement (application of law) and will entail again ambiguous and differentiated practice of law enforcement. The causal link assumed by the author is that every law enforcement entity operates within the conditions and legal frameworks constructed by the law governing it, the entity, its activities and such regulatory framework, as a rule, without taking into account the features of notarial activity. In other words, the lack of systematicity in the legal system is reproduced in the activities of law enforcement entities, and therefore can be overcome by adjusting the activities of law enforcement entities by the entities themselves. That is why the author believes that quality and effective legislative regulation is a necessary but not sufficient condition for solving the problem of law enforcement practice. The solution to the problem should be based on the basis of qualitative legislation and dialogue of the subjects of law enforcement, which will allow each party to hear the position of the other and create a mechanism for implementation of specific norms without violating them (infringing them) and / or abusing their application. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using mediation in a law enforcement practice (application of law practice) where law enforcement subjects are able and agree on a single interpretation of a specific law in a particular situation. У статті досліджуються проблемні питання правозастосування обов’язку нотаріуса зберігати нотаріальну таємницю. Досліджуються теоретичні, законодавчі та практично-прикладні аспекти нотаріальної таємниці та її правозастосування. Зокрема, нотаріальна таємниця розглядається як базис нотаріальної діяльності та етичних правил організації нотаріальної діяльності. Робиться припущення, що в разі практичної неможливості зберігати нотаріальну таємницю та загрози нотаріальній таємниці рівень довіри суспільства до інститут нотаріату буде знижуватися. Це, своєю чергою, призведе до більш стрімкого формування зв’язків особистісної довіри та звернення до нотаріуса не як до суб’єкта, що може надати відповідну правову допомогу та захист прав та інтересів, а як до представника інституту, до якого зобов’язує звертатися закон і до якого особа не зверталась би, якби того не вимагав закон. Автор наголошує на неможливості існування інституту нотаріату в умовах неефективного законодавчого регулювання нотаріальної таємниці. Неоднозначність законодавчого регулювання стає генеруючим чинником для ди-ференційної практики правозастосування. Так, на матеріалах запитів відповідних органів та посадових осіб в умовах необхідності зберігати нотаріальну таємницю проводиться аналіз змісту та характеру запитуваної інформації та документів від нотаріусів. Водночас автор наголошує, що навіть максимально ідеальне законодавче регулювання нотаріальної таємниці може не витримати реалій повсякденного правозастосування і потягне за собою знову ж таки неоднозначну та диференційовану практику правозастосування. Каузальний зв’язок, який припускається автором, полягає в тому, що кожен суб’єкт правозастосування діє в умовах та правових межах, що сконструйовані нормативно-правовим базисом, що регулює його, суб’єкта, діяльність і такий нормативно-правовий базис побудований, як правило, без урахування особливостей нотаріальної діяльності. Тобто брак системності в правовій системі відтворюється в діяльності суб’єктів правозастосування, а отже, і долатися він може через коригування діяльності суб’єктів правозастосування самими суб’єктами. Саме тому автор вважає, що якісне та ефективне законодавче регулювання є необхідною, але не достатньою умовою вирішення проблеми практики правозастосування. Вирішення проблеми має бути побудоване на фундаменті якісного законодавчого регулювання та діалогу суб’єктівправозастосування, який дасть змогу кожній стороні почути позицію іншої та створити механізм реалізації конкретних норм без їх порушення та/чи зловживань в їх застосуванні. Сформульовано висновок про можливість застосу-вання медіації в такій правозастосовній практиці, де суб’єкти правозастосування здатні та мають змогу домовитись про єдину інтерпретацію конкретної норми в конкретній ситуації.

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    В статті наведено тлумачення поняття «лідерство». Зазначено, що якості лідера можуть бути вроджені. Перераховано риси лідеру, наприклад: порядність, вміння приймати нестандартні управлінські рішення, ентузіазм. Наведено думку науковців про зміну напряму лідерства, тобто Total Quality Management змінюється на Total Quality Leadership. Зображено матрицю, де визначено чотири типи підходів до вивчення лідерства. Представлено групи лідерства відповідно до його визначення, наприклад: лідерство як центр групових процесів, лідерство як вміння переконувати, лідерство як прояв особистих рис. Охарактеризовано два критерії поведінки лідера: ступінь врахування фактора динаміки поведінки лідера, ступінь врахування фактора ситуаційності. Наведено розбіжності між поняттями «лідерство» та «керівництво». Розкрито автократичний стиль лідерства, демократичний стиль та ліберальний стиль. Перераховано та охарактеризовано стратегічні моделі типів лідерів, наприклад «менеджер класичної школи управління», «цілеспрямований стратег» та інше. Представлено ключові елементи лідерської компетентності сучасних керівників. In the article the interpretation of the concept of «leadership». Indicated that a leader can be congenital or educated. Numbered leader lines, such as honesty, ability to accept not standard administrative decisions, enthusiasm. An opinion researchers to change the direction of leadership that Total Quality Management changes at Total Quality Leadership. Depicted matrix outlines four types of approaches to the study of leadership. Presented leadership group according to its definition, such as the lead center group processes, leadership as persuasiveness, leadership as a manifestation of personal traits.Characterized by two criteria leader behavior: incorporation dynamic behavior factor leader incorporation factor situation. An differences between the concepts of «leadership» and «management». Exposed autocratic leadership style, democratic style and liberal style. Listed and described the strategic model types of leaders, such as «manager of the classical school of management», «strategist focused» and more. Presents the key elements of modern leadership competencies of managers.

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    Authors: Horbyk, Roman;

    The article considers the problems of form and genre structure in the illustrated magazines published in the late 1920s and early 1930s in Germany and Soviet Ukraine. The attention is focused on morphology as a factor and indicator of the ideological situation of the time. The emphasis rests upon both similarities (genre structure, the heteronomy of text and picture) and differences (more vs. less regular architectonics, different levels of standardization, practices of parodying the standard).

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    Authors: Mccormick, Kes;

    Природоорієнтовані рішення надають багато переваг у вирішенні низки проблем, пов’язаних зі сталим розвитком міст. Зокрема, вони допомагають обмежити вплив кліматичних змін, покращити біорізноманіття та підвищити якість навколишнього середовища, одночасно сприяючи економічній діяльності та соціальному добробуту. Читайте далі та дізнайтеся більше про природоорієнтовані рішення у світі розвитку міст!

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    Authors: Orzikh, Yu.H.;

    У статті здійснено порівняльний аналіз шведського підходу до окремих аспектів приватного права з системою приватного права Укра-їни. Дослідження зумовлене зобов'язаннями України щодо гармонізації права з правом ЄС, зважаючи на підписану Угоду про Асоціацію з ЄС та статус кандидата на членство в ЄС. У статті розглядаються деякі аспекти шведського приватного права, зокрема його джерела, принцип свободи договору, принцип pacta sunt servanda, принцип clausula rebus sic stantibus, право на заповіт, а також роль держави у приватноправових відносинах, зокрема Шведської податкової адміністрації як державного органу. Автор стверджує, що існує взаємозв'язок між методом регулювання приватноправових відносин і системою джерел права в правовій системі. Чим більше правозастосовча практика та законодавство віддають перевагу суб'єктивній волі учасників приватноправових від-носин як джерелу їх регулювання та джерелу права, тим менший вплив у цих приватноправових відносинах матиме імперативний метод регулювання. Крім того, у статті підкреслюється унікальне у порівнянні з українською дійсністю, становище Шведської податкової служби у приват-них правовідносинах, зокрема у сімейних та спадкових відносинах. Автор доходить висновку, що інтеграція держави у приватні правовід-носини на прикладі Шведської податкової служби за своєю суттю не призводить до обмеження будь-яких прав і свобод. Також зроблено висновок, що реєстрація шлюбних договорів необхідна для більш ретельного захисту прав подружжя, їхніх спадкоємців та третіх осіб. У статті висловлюється думка, що Україна, яка намагається гармонізувати своє право з правом ЄС, може спиратися на досвід швед-ського підходу до приватного права. Автор також наголошує на необхідності проведення додаткових досліджень для повного розуміння особливостей шведського приватного права, перш ніж використовувати його як приклад. The article provides a comparative analysis of the Swedish approach to private law and the legal system of Ukraine. The study is motivated by Ukraine's obligations to harmonize its law with EU law, given its candidacy for EU membership. The article discusses several aspects of Swedish private law, including its sources, the principle of freedom of contract, the principle of pacta sunt servanda, the principle of clausula rebus sic stantibus, the right to make a will, and the role of the state in private law relations, specifically the Swedish Tax Administration as a state agency. The author asserts that there is a correlation between the method of regulation of private law relations and the system of sources of law in a legal system. The more the law enforcement practice and legislation give primacy to the subjective will of participants in private law relations as a source of their regulation and a source of law, the less influence the imperative method of regulation will have in these private law relations. In addition, the article highlights the unique position of the Swedish Tax Administration in private law relationships, particularly family and inheritance relations. The author concludes that state integration into private legal relationships, as exemplified by the Swedish Tax Administration, does not inherently result in limitations of any individual rights and freedoms. The author concludes that registration of marriage contracts is necessary in order to protect the rights of spouses, their heirs, and third parties more thoroughly. As it efforts to harmonise its laws with those of the EU, the article suggests that Ukraine can learn from Sweden's approach to private law. The author also emphasises the need for additional research to completely comprehend the peculiarities of Swedish private law before using it as an example.

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    Authors: Orzikh, Yurii; Dryshliuk, Andrii;

    Relevant problems of the practice of application of law and permanent process of improvement of the Ukrainian legislation are examined in this article. In particular authors stress on contradiction between process of the permanent improvement of the legislation and sustainability, predictability and legal certainty as principles of legal system. On the one hand, constant reforming of the legislation of Ukraine does not give possibility for subjects of law to create stable legal relations, which are regulated in a predictable way. On the other hand, legislation of Ukraine must be actual and even few “step ahead” the actual situation in Ukraine. It must give necessary methods, tools and legal instruments, which regulate relations between subjects of law. Described judicial and notarial practical cases show in what way flexibility of the legislation could be provided in conditions of the ongoing changes. Authors consider that qualified and high-quality application of the current legislation by the subjects of application of law gives possibility to provide flexibility of the legislation. Such application of law is done by subjects applying the law, although their actions are not directly provided for by the legislation, but they are not prohibited either. Essential principle of such application of law must be the whole tendency to create those legal consequences of the application of law which will not lead to the direct infringement of somebodies rights and interests within the process of application of law. Illustrated lawsuit and case of notarial practice show how exactly interpretative mechanism and analogy as a tool of the subject applying the law help to avoid infringements of rights and interests of heirs of the deceased person.

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