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Abstract This study aims to investigate, in dubbed and subtitled versions of the films Madagascar (2005) and Ice Age (2002), how fixed expressions (Moon, 1998) are translated in dubbing and subtitling methods and to examine how employing domestication and foreignisation (Venuti, 1995) can undermine or reinforce the asymmetrical relations, here defined by globalisation as discussed by Venuti (1998) and Cronin (2003, 2009). The analysis is carried out through reference and parallel corpus (Baker, 1995). Final results show that subtitling, rather than dubbing, is more prone to adopt foreignising strategies with regard to the translation of fixed expressions. Additionally, there have been identified, in the subtitled versions of the corpus, translation instances that deliberately move away from target language fixed expressions.

Additional file 2. St. Paul’s library sensory respondent data.

This data reports an inductively structured survey's design, validation, and spread strategy created to better understand the design contours responsible for creating an empathetic relationship between Gamers and Playable Characters in Digital Games. The survey is structured inductively and aims to address the following research questions: Which psycho-social characteristics can define a Gamer? How do we assess and measure Empathy in digital games? Can a Gamer have an empathic connection with a Character? Who are the most emphatic Characters in digital games? The survey is divided into the following sections: 1. Sample personal characterization: gamers personal characterization. 2. Context and beliefs: gamer's socio-economic reality characterization. 3. Gaming Habits characterization: gamer's digital playing habits characterization. 4. Type of Player: the typology of gamers' most preferred gaming activities based on Bartle (1996). 5. Sample Empathy assessment: Implementing the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) Empathy assessment scale using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) by Davis (1983). 6. Sample Personality Assessment: implementation of a Personality Assessment BFI-2-S (Soto & John, 2017). 7. Assessing Empathy in Digital Games: Access empathy in a specific digital game for a specific playable Character (named by gamer's respondents). The survey was validated before dissemination to ensure reliability, clarity, and content validity. This database reports the data collected through three focus group sessions, taking care to validate the survey structure and to prevent unforeseen issues. The choice for three sessions was a pragmatic response to the evolving problem-finding process, ensuring comprehensive issue exploration and alignment with research questions.

Terceira versão do banco de dados "Jurisdição constitucional no Brasil". Dois anos após a publicação da primeira versão, trata-se, ainda, da única fonte de dados de acesso irrestrito contendo informações sobre o modo como votou (vencedor ou vencido) cada um dos ministros e ministras do Supremo Tribunal Federal em todas as ações de inconstitucionalidade - Representações contra Inconstitucionalidade (Rps), Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade (ADIns), Argüições de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPFs), Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão (ADOs) e Ações Declaratórias de Inconstitucionalidade (ADCs) - julgadas liminar ou definitivamente até 31 de dezembro de 2017.

Abstract:The relations among technological development, stylistic innovations and possible reconfigurations in telenovela's genre will be analysed through excerpts of the first episode from the telenovela Gabriela, which portray the travelling from the hinterland to Ilhéus, in an elaborate work of visual composition at the expense of dialogue as the plot conductor. The goal is showing that amendments in those relations can suggest changes in the communicability strategies that characterize the referred genre.

Archaeology has much to contribute to the study of cultural evolution. Empirical data at archaeological timescales are uniquely well suited to tracking rates of cultural change, detecting phylogenetic signals among groups of artefacts, and recognizing long-run effects of distinct cultural transmission mechanisms. Nonetheless, these are still relatively infrequent subjects of archaeological analysis and archaeology's potential to help advance our understanding of cultural evolution has thus far been largely unrealized. Cultural evolutionary models developed in other fields have been used to interpret patterns identified in archaeological records, which in turn provides independent tests of the models, as demonstrated here through a study of late Prehistoric stone projectile points from the U.S. Southwest. These tests may not be straightforward, though, because archaeological data are complex, often representing events aggregated over many years (or centuries or millennia) while processes thought to drive cultural evolution (e.g. biased learning) operate on much shorter timescales. To fulfil archaeology's potential, we should continue to develop models specifically tailored to archaeological circumstances, and explore ways to incorporate the rich contextual data produced by archaeological research.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bridging cultural gaps: interdisciplinary studies in human cultural evolution’.

The methodology for total organic carbon (TOC) and δ13CTOC measurement followed Bauersachs et al. (2014, doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.015). In brief, for TOC concentrations, sediment samples (approximately 30 mg) were dried and powdered, pretreated with excess 2M hydrochloric acid (HCl) to eliminate carbonates, neutralized with distilled water, and dried at 50°C for 24 hours. Subsequently, samples were analyzed in duplicates using a CS-Analyser 144DR (Leco Corporation) at the Institute of Earth Sciences at Heidelberg University, with a sample reproducibility of less than 0.5%. For δ13C analysis, portions of the powdered, decalcified sediment samples (1-2 mg) were examined using a Flash Elemental Analyzer 1112 (Thermo Scientific), connected to the continuous flow inlet system of a MAT 253 gas source mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific) at the Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt. Carbon isotopes in graphite standard USGS24 were analyzed alongside the samples to ensure accuracy and precision. Isotope ratios are expressed in conventional delta notation: δsample (‰) = [(Rsample − Rstandard) / Rstandard - 1] × 1000, where R represents the ratio of 13C/12C of the sample and the standard Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB). Accuracy and precision of all isotopic analyses were determined by replicate sample analysis, yielding pooled standard errors better than 0.2 ‰ for δ13CTOC.

In this study, we examine the contribution of transaction costs to economic growth across 139 countries in 2003-2012 period using 24 different indices of transaction costs. We reconstruct an augmented Solow growth model with human capital accumulation allowing for the direct and indirect effects of transaction costs on technology level and accumulation rates. Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and common technology shocks, the evidence indicates persistently negative effect of rising transaction costs on economic growth. The contribution of contract enforcement and secure property rights to cross-country productivity differences appears to be more important than the accumulation factors combined. The results provide evidence that transaction costs might be an important mechanism behind cross-country productivity differences, suggest the importance of contractual relations and indicate their lasting impact on economic performance over time. The analysis includes the evaluation of the relationship between transaction costs and economic growth for a large panel of countries and is based on a large-scale macro-level data collection. For each indicator, we compute the signal-to-noise ratios and use them to weigh transaction cost covariates in the cross-country regression analysis. The ratios are constructed from the overall and relative survey sizes on country-to-country and year-to-year basis upon which the covariates are constructed.

Abstract: The main objective of this research was to describe the mechanisms for engagement with affordances that help to sustain written interpersonal interactions of students in online discussion forums of a virtual learning environment while they were learning English as a foreign language. The notion of affordance was discussed in this study according to three dimensions: (i) environmental, (ii) technological, and (iii) linguistic, associating a pragmatic theory to the latter (GREENO, 1994; VAN LIER, 2000; LAMY & HAMPEL, 2007). The research findings showed that the environmental and technological affordances contributed to the construction of students’ presence as well as of a learning community. New forms of online interactions afforded new forms of language learning, especially by the movement of relexicalization and gap-filling.