This study discusses how segmentation, both visual and linguistic, is used to structure runic inscriptions. The questions are (1) if there is any correlation in the chosen examples between the visual and the linguistic design, and, if so, (2) how a particular layout adds meaning to the verbal message. Studies are conducted on two small sets of Upplandic and Södermanlandic runestones. The first part of the paper deals with runestones with more than one rune-carved surface and demonstrates that there is indeed a strong correlation between the verbal message and the layout. In most cases, the use of a new carving surface can be seen as a means to underline thematic aspects of the inscription. In the second part of the paper, inscriptions with signatures with a dedication are dealt with. Almost all such signatures are placed in a new visual unit. They repeat, complement and accentuate the message of the memorial formulas and offer additional starting points for a reading.
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The article deals with the birth of a linguistic norm in Iceland and Italy. The discussion focuses on four works, which lay the foundations for the discussion of grammar and poetics in their respective vernaculars, namely Dante Alighieri’s De vulgari eloquentia and Convivio for Italian, and the First Grammatical Treatise and Snorri Sturluson’s Edda for Icelandic. A parallel between these four works is established, and the view that Latin has been little used in Iceland during the Middle Ages is challenged, also in accordance with both earlier scholarship (Lehmann 1937 and Walter 1976) and recent discoveries (Gottskálk Jensson 2002, 2004, 2009 and Marner 2016). It is argued that Latin is bound to have been used as a language of scholarship in Iceland as it was in Western Europe, although manuscript transmission seldom provides direct evidence in this respect. Moreover, a view that takes into account the different weight that Latin as such had in the two different speech communities, Italian and Icelandic, is advocated. This approach rests upon the fact that, whereas in Italy there was an unbroken literary tradition in Latin from Roman times to the Middle Ages, in Iceland Icelandic was the only language to be used until the Conversion, i.e. until the Latin alphabet was introduced. Thus, it is not surprising that the Icelandic vernacular was held in relatively higher esteem in Iceland, therefore leading to a relatively earlier and richer literary tradition in that language, whereas in Italy the vernacular had to be first raised in linguistic status in order to be used as literary language.
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I den här artikeln använder vi autoetnografisk empiri, sida vid sida med andra deltagares berättelser från motionslopp för kvinnor, så kallade tjejlopp. Vi undersöker de kroppsliga och mentala upplevelserna hos deltagarna i ett specifikt lopp, Tjejmilen, i relation till de diskurser och villkor som omger kvinnors motionsidrottande. Artikelns titel , ”sida vid sida” innebär två saker: å ena sidan att vi empiriskt utforskar vad som händer när kvinnor idrottar sida vid sida i en tävling som denna. Å andra sidan, och i linje med analytisk autoetnografi (Anderson 2006), använder vi våra egna erfarenheter av att delta i loppet sida vid sida med andra deltagares erfarenheter och analyserar hela det empiriska materialet med samma metoder, teorier och begrepp. Vi drar slutsatsen att autoetnografin gör det möjligt för oss att upptäcka de förkroppsligade erfarenheterna av styrka och empowerment i motsats till förminskande diskurser om kvinnors aktiviteter och förmodade förmågor.
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This paper contains a new analysis of the runic inscription on the Tune stone, made on the basis of autopsies and various earlier proposals. While I agree with the view that there is a word missing at the top of side A (contra Grønvik 1981 and others), probably r<unoz>, I depart from the current communis opinio in proposing that side B consists of two independent subject-initial clauses. I argue that the first word in B1 is likely to be a personal name ending in -z and the subject of a verb meaning something like ‘erect’, of which staina ‘stone’ is the object. Moreover, I reject the analysis of dalidun in B2 as ‘made (nice), prepared’ (Seip 1929), presenting arguments supporting the emendation da<i>lidun (Bugge1891, in NIæR), thus giving þrijoz dohtriz da<i>lidun arbija ‘three daughters shared the inheritance’. Finally, I resuscitate the old idea of Läffler (1892, 1896a, 1896b) concerning sijostez, taking it at face value and considering the phrase sijostez arbijano to reflect an archaic legal term meaning ‘the closest family heirs’. Following Läffler I assume that the form is derived from a reflexive (rather than a root meaning ‘bind’, Bjorvand 2008), an analysis supported by a parallel in archaic Latin (suus heres ‘family heir, self-successor’). I conclude that the three daughters of Wōdurīdaz shared the inheritance as the closest family heirs, while some other person (perhaps Wīwaz) erected the stone.
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This study discusses how segmentation, both visual and linguistic, is used to structure runic inscriptions. The questions are (1) if there is any correlation in the chosen examples between the visual and the linguistic design, and, if so, (2) how a particular layout adds meaning to the verbal message. Studies are conducted on two small sets of Upplandic and Södermanlandic runestones. The first part of the paper deals with runestones with more than one rune-carved surface and demonstrates that there is indeed a strong correlation between the verbal message and the layout. In most cases, the use of a new carving surface can be seen as a means to underline thematic aspects of the inscription. In the second part of the paper, inscriptions with signatures with a dedication are dealt with. Almost all such signatures are placed in a new visual unit. They repeat, complement and accentuate the message of the memorial formulas and offer additional starting points for a reading.
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The article deals with the birth of a linguistic norm in Iceland and Italy. The discussion focuses on four works, which lay the foundations for the discussion of grammar and poetics in their respective vernaculars, namely Dante Alighieri’s De vulgari eloquentia and Convivio for Italian, and the First Grammatical Treatise and Snorri Sturluson’s Edda for Icelandic. A parallel between these four works is established, and the view that Latin has been little used in Iceland during the Middle Ages is challenged, also in accordance with both earlier scholarship (Lehmann 1937 and Walter 1976) and recent discoveries (Gottskálk Jensson 2002, 2004, 2009 and Marner 2016). It is argued that Latin is bound to have been used as a language of scholarship in Iceland as it was in Western Europe, although manuscript transmission seldom provides direct evidence in this respect. Moreover, a view that takes into account the different weight that Latin as such had in the two different speech communities, Italian and Icelandic, is advocated. This approach rests upon the fact that, whereas in Italy there was an unbroken literary tradition in Latin from Roman times to the Middle Ages, in Iceland Icelandic was the only language to be used until the Conversion, i.e. until the Latin alphabet was introduced. Thus, it is not surprising that the Icelandic vernacular was held in relatively higher esteem in Iceland, therefore leading to a relatively earlier and richer literary tradition in that language, whereas in Italy the vernacular had to be first raised in linguistic status in order to be used as literary language.
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