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Abstracts for the Second Workshop on Implementing Machine Ethics

The Reader CMW presents first time English translations of material from the development phase of Collective Memory-Work in the 1980s in Germany, and also contemporary essays from 2020 and 2021 on a large variety of adaptations of the method across disciplinary and geographical boundaries.

In the paper we describe a new EU infrastructure project dedicated to lexicography. The project is part of the Horizon 2020 program, with a duration of four years (2018-2022). The result of the project will be an infrastructure which will (1) enable efficient access to high quality lexicographic data, and (2) bridge the gap between more advanced and less-resourced scholarly communities working on lexicographic resources. One of the main issues addressed by the project is the fact that current lexicographic resources have different levels of (incompatible) structuring, and are not equally suitable for application in in Natural Language Processing and other fields. The project will therefore develop strategies, tools and standards for extracting, structuring and linking lexicographic resources to enable their inclusion in Linked Open Data and the Semantic Web, as well as their use in the context of digital humanities.

This paper uses interdisciplinary methods to investigate responses to the Little Ice Age in regions where livestock farming was dominant, a neglected subject due to the scarcity of detailed written records regarding pastoral land use. It argues that landscape-level histories which include pollen evidence and archaeology can address this challenge and reveal local processes of climate adaptation. Here we focus on Ireland and Scotland and a fascinating rise in small-scale cereal cultivation on upland pastures during the Little Ice Age. Bayesian modeling is used to test the chronological resolution of field evidence and compare it with climate reconstructions. We can see that the cultivation emerged in late medieval times, when cattle were facing climate-related stresses, and increased in early modern times during the Little Ice Age’s main phase. We suggest that it started in an indirect adaptation to climate change, supplementing supplies of food and fodder for pastoralists, but increased as rural populations and external market demands grew. There is a need for finer temporal resolution in pollen records and archaeology, as well as greater integration with socio-economic history, if we are to be more certain about changes in the relative significance of climate in pastoral land use.

The fashion industry is looking forward to use artificial intelligence technologies to enhance their processes, services, and applications. Although the amount of fashion data currently in use is increasing, there is a large gap in data exchange between the fashion industry and the related AI companies, not to mention the different structure used for each fashion dataset. As a result, AI companies are relying on manually annotated fashion data to build different applications. Furthermore, as of this writing, the terminology, vocabulary and methods of data representation used to denote fashion items are still ambiguous and confusing. Hence, it is clear that the fashion industry and AI companies will benefit from a protocol that allows them to exchange and organise fashion information in a unified way. To achieve this goal we aim (1) to define a protocol called DDOIF that will allow interoperability of fashion data; (2) for DDOIF to contain diverse entities including extensive information on clothing and accessories attributes in the form of text and various media formats; and (3)To design and implement an API that includes, among other things, functions for importing and exporting a file built according to the DDOIF protocol that stores all information about a single item of clothing. To this end, we identified over 1000 class and subclass names used to name fashion items and use them to build the DDOIF dictionary. We make DDOIF publicly available to all interested users and developers and look forward to engaging more collaborators to improve and enrich it.

Thesis on "Cybercrime and its reflections in international and European Union's legal regulations" deals with aspects and specifics of cybercrime and defence againts it. It tries to chronicle recent enactment and outline its possible, expected or intended developement in a near future. It sequents on a nature of law limitation of mankind's behavior and its collision with a human being's natural freedom and its privilege for informational self-determination. First are needed a consensual definitions of cybercrime and cybersecurity, therefore exact delimitation of very subject matter of legal regulations, with regard to varyings in developement of law culture in particular states and theirs potential on the field of IT technologies. Tato práce na téma "Cybercrime a směřování jeho právní úpravy v mezinárodním právu a právu Evropské unie" pojednává o aspektech a specifikách kyberkriminality a ochrany před ní. Snaží se zachytit současnou právní úpravu dané problematiky a nastínit její možný, předpokládaný, či zamýšlený vývoj v blízké budoucnosti. Vychází z povahy právní limitace lidského chování v protikladu k přirozené svobodě lidských jedinců a jejich práva na sebeurčení, v tomto případě informačnímu. Nutná je zprvu shoda na definici kyberkriminality a kyberbezpečnosti, tedy přesné vymezení vlastního předmětu právní úpravy, s přihlédnutím k odlišnostem ve vývoji právní kultury v jednotlivých zemích, a možnostem, které mají na poli informačních technologií. Obhájeno