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Additional file 2: Table S1. Raw data used for all statistical analyses.

This dataset contains methane and nitrous oxide dissolved gas concentration, dissolved methane carbon isotope, and ancillary hydrographic data from research cruises in the North American Arctic Ocean between 2015-2018. Ocean samples for methane and nitrous oxide analysis were collected from Niskin bottles mounted on a CTD rosette. Water was collected into glass serum bottles and allowed to overflow three times before preserving with mercuric chloride and sealing with with butyl rubber stoppers and aluminum crimp seals. Gas concentrations were determined using a purge and trap system coupled to a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, following the method of Capelle et al. (2015). Equilibrium dry atmospheric concentrations were 328.25, 329.14, 330.11, and 330.96 ppb for N2O and 1919.64, 1933.67, 1934.92, and 1933.50 ppb for CH4 in 2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018, respectively. Equilibrium dissolved concentrations were calculated from the measured temperature and salinity following Wiesenburg and Guinasso (1979) for CH4 and Weiss and Price (1980) for N2O. Equilibrium concentrations were calculated based on sample temperature and salinity and the atmospheric N2O or CH4 concentrations measured at Barrow, Alaska by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division (Dlugokencky et al., 2020a,b), with corrections to local sea level pressure and 100% humidity. Oxygen concentration was determined using an oxygen sensor mounted on the Niskin rosette, calibrated with discrete samples analyzed by Winkler titration. The mixed layer depth was defined based on a potential density difference criterion of 0.125 kg/m³ relative to the density at 5 m depth, using CTD profiles binned to 1 m. The mixed layer depth was set to 5 m as a minimum. The instantaneous gas transfer velocities and fluxes are based on the instantaneous wind speed at the time of sampling. The 30-day weighted gas transfer velocities and fluxes are integrated over the residence time of the gas in the mixed layer, using up to the prior 30 days of observations, following the method of Teeter et al. (2018) as described in the main manuscript of Manning et al. (2022). The 60-day weighted gas transfer velocities and fluxes are integrated over the residence time of the gas in the mixed layer, using the prior 60 days of observations, following the method of Teeter et al. (2018) as described in the main manuscript of Manning et al. (2022). Atmospheric sea level pressure was obtained from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis product, which is provided by the NOAA-ESRL Physical Sciences Laboratory (https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded). Fractional ice cover was obtained from the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (https://osi-saf.eumetsat.int). Sea ice concentration product AMSR-2 (identifier OSI-408) was used in 2017–2018 and SSMIS (identifier OSI-401-b) was used in 2015–2016.

Additional file 14.

Additional file 8. Supplementary Material 8.

Additional file 22: Supplemental Table 9. Metabolic pathways enriched in transcripts expressed in the ceca exhibiting significant differential expression between AGPs and diets.

Background: Sea ice across the Arctic is declining and altering physical characteristics of marine ecosystems. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) have been identified as vulnerable to changes in sea ice conditions. We use sea ice projections for the Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 2006 – 2100 to gain insight into the conservation challenges for polar bears with respect to habitat loss using metrics developed from polar bear energetics modeling. Principal Findings: Shifts away from multiyear ice to annual ice cover throughout the region, as well as lengthening ice-free periods, may become critical for polar bears before the end of the 21st century with projected warming. Each polar bear population in the Archipelago may undergo 2–5 months of ice-free conditions, where no such conditions exist presently. We identify spatially and temporally explicit ice-free periods that extend beyond what polar bears require for nutritional and reproductive demands. Conclusions/Significance: Under business-as-usual climate projections, polar bears may face starvation and reproductive failure across the entire Archipelago by the year 2100. Depth-bathymetry fileUse as land mask file when depth=0depth.ncMITgcm_SeaIce_GFDL_CM3_RCP85_2006-2100Monthly average sea ice and snow conditions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago 2006-2100 under climate warming scenario RCP85. Model output in netcdf files, time steps of 1 month starting on January 2006.MITgcm_SeaIce_GFDL_CM3_RCP85_2006_2100.zip

Individual Kimura distances of RTE1_Sar. (CSV 44.7 kb)

Additional file 3. Micro-habitat colonization and age-dependent incidence: Caenorhabditis colonization of orange bait samples distributed at 72 spots along trail system. At each of the 72 spots (Parare, Nouragues Natural Reserve), three baits were distributed (i.e. subsamples, labelled a, b, c) approximately 1 meter apart from each other. See also Additional file 7.