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During recent years, there have been a lot of research in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) related to the sentiment analysis. Stance detection goes even further and tries to detect whether the author of the text is in favor or against a given target. The main difference to sentiment analysis is that in stance detection, systems are to determine the author's favorability towards a given target and the target may not even be explicitly mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text may express positive opinion about an entity contained in the text, but one can also infer that the author is against the de ned target (an entity or a topic). This thesis is focused on the two main tasks: identifying the stance and its summarization and outlines the state-of-the-art approaches to stance detection and summarization.

This report presents research in several tasks of the natural language processing, namely optical character recognition, text categorization and dialogue act recognition. The report is focused on modern deep neural network classifiers, which are first introduced theoretically with the support of relevant publications and then they are experimentally verified on suitable datasets. For text categorization and dialogue act recognition tasks, multi- and cross-lingual approaches are presented and evaluated. Since the importance of multi-lingual text processing is significantly growing, it is crucial to be able to process information in multiple languages. Unfortunately, there is often a lack of annotated data in some not very widespread languages, so the cross-lingual approaches are requested. Methods for optical character recognition in historical documents are presented with the main emphasis on classifiers which achieve excellent results in natural language processing tasks. Finally, the aims of the future doctoral thesis are set with regard to the recent research.

The construction of fortifications by the Teutonic Order belongs to one of the most fascinating architectural and artistic phenomena, completed between the 2nd half of the 13th century and the 1st half of the 15th century. Brick castles were erected within widely planned and well-prepared building actions, with the result of which, several dozens of fortified structures across the historical Teutonic Order’s State were erected. However, a number of problems concerning in particular the chronology of this process of castle building, the building stages and techniques applied, have been insufficiently recognized since the beginning of the 21st century. The situation has changed significantly at present, when some Polish centers started systematic archaeological-architectural research focusing on the fortified structures of the Teutonic Order. The centre at Toruń has been accomplishing, since 2005, a long-term scientific program, titled The Castles of the Chełmno Land (Kulmerland), whose principal purpose is to answer those questions connected with the history of those brick fortresses erected from the 2nd half of the 13th century in the south-western part of the former Teutonic Order’s State. The results of recent archaeological- -architectural explorations in several sites from this area have delivered much data, which show that castles built in various period differed not only in their architectural forms, but also with building technique and its process. In the light of recent studies, it is difficult to agree, for instance with interpretations of the chronology of changing castle form (from irregular to regular ones) and the times of their occurrence.

El riego por goteo requiere el uso de agua de alta calidad para evitar la obstrucción de los emisores y el desgaste de las bombas hidráulicas y los filtros de arena. Invertir en una cuenca de almacenamiento de riego no solo es beneficioso para cumplir con los requisitos de agua de los cultivos, sino también para eliminar los sólidos suspendidos naturalmente por sedimentación. Sin embargo, el diseño y el tamaño de una cuenca de almacenamiento de riego generalmente se basan solo en las necesidades de agua de riego y el área de la planta, sin tener en cuenta que la forma y el tamaño de la cuenca también pueden tener un efecto en la eficiencia de eliminación. Además, el volumen de almacenamiento se puede lograr mediante diferentes combinaciones de longitud, ancho y profundidad. El presente artículo estudia el efecto de la geometría de la cuenca de almacenamiento de riego en su rendimiento en la sedimentación de sedimentos suspendidos. La metodología adoptada en este estudio se basa en la dinámica de fluidos computacional utilizando ANSYS Fluent. Los resultados experimentales específicos tomados de la literatura se utilizan para confirmar la confiabilidad de las simulaciones numéricas para describir el campo de flujo. En primer lugar, se ejecuta un estudio paramétrico con el fin de identificar el efecto de las dimensiones de cada cuenca. Luego, se calcula la eficiencia de la trampa para veinte cuencas que tienen la misma capacidad de almacenamiento y diferentes geometrías con el fin de seleccionar las dimensiones óptimas. Los resultados muestran que la eficiencia de eliminación es muy sensible al tamaño de la cuenca, especialmente a su profundidad y longitud. Sin embargo, para una capacidad específica de almacenamiento, se pueden utilizar dos parámetros adimensionales diferentes para seleccionar el tamaño óptimo: la relación longitud/profundidad y la relación longitud/anchura. En los casos en que se requiera el valor de profundidad debido al tipo de suelo o superficie del terreno, se puede utilizar la segunda relación. L'irrigation goutte à goutte nécessite l'utilisation d'eau de haute qualité pour éviter le colmatage des émetteurs et l'usure des pompes hydrauliques et des filtres à sable. Investir dans un bassin de stockage d'irrigation est non seulement bénéfique pour répondre aux besoins en eau des cultures, mais aussi pour éliminer les solides naturellement en suspension par sédimentation. Cependant, la conception et le dimensionnement d'un bassin de stockage d'irrigation sont généralement basés uniquement sur les besoins en eau d'irrigation et la superficie de la plante sans tenir compte du fait que la forme et la taille du bassin peuvent également avoir un effet sur l'efficacité de l'élimination. De plus, le volume de stockage peut être obtenu par différentes combinaisons de longueur, de largeur et de profondeur. Le présent article étudie l'effet de la géométrie du bassin de stockage d'irrigation sur ses performances dans la décantation des sédiments en suspension. La méthodologie adoptée dans cette étude est basée sur la dynamique des fluides computationnelle à l'aide d'ANSYS Fluent. Des résultats expérimentaux spécifiques tirés de la littérature sont utilisés pour confirmer la fiabilité des simulations numériques pour décrire le champ d'écoulement. Tout d'abord, une étude paramétrique est exécutée afin d'identifier l'effet de chaque dimension de bassin. Ensuite, l'efficacité du piège est calculée pour vingt bassins ayant la même capacité de stockage et des géométries différentes afin de sélectionner les dimensions optimales. Les résultats montrent que l'efficacité d'enlèvement est très sensible à la taille du bassin, en particulier à sa profondeur et à sa longueur. Néanmoins, pour une capacité de stockage spécifique, deux paramètres différents sans dimension peuvent être utilisés pour sélectionner la taille optimale : le rapport longueur/profondeur et le rapport longueur/largeur. Dans les cas où la valeur de profondeur est requise en raison du type de sol ou de la surface du sol, le deuxième rapport peut être utilisé. Drip irrigation requires the use of high quality water to avoid emitters clogging and the wear of hydraulic pumps and sand filters. Investing in an irrigation storage basin is not only beneficial to meet crop water requirements but also to remove naturally suspended solids by sedimentation. However, the design and sizing of an irrigation storage basin is usually based only on irrigation water needs and plant area without taking into consideration that the shape and size of the basin can also have an effect on the removal efficiency. Moreover, storage volume can be achieved by different combinations of length, width and depth. The present paper studies the effect of irrigation storage basin geometry on its performance in settling down suspended sediments. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the computational fluid dynamics using ANSYS Fluent. Specific experimental results taken from the literature are used to confirm the reliability of the numerical simulations to describe the flow field. First, a parametric study is executed in order to identify the effect of each basin dimensions. Then, trap efficiency is calculated for twenty basins having the same capacity of storage and different geometries in order to select the optimal dimensions. Results show that the removal efficiency is very sensitive to basin size, especially to its depth and length. Nevertheless, for a specific capacity of storage, two different dimensionless parameters can be used to select the optimal size: the length to depth ratio and the length to width ratio. In cases, where the depth value is required due to soil type or land surface, the second ratio can be used. يتطلب الري بالتنقيط استخدام مياه عالية الجودة لتجنب انسداد البواعث وتآكل المضخات الهيدروليكية والمرشحات الرملية. الاستثمار في حوض تخزين الري ليس مفيدًا فقط لتلبية متطلبات مياه المحاصيل ولكن أيضًا لإزالة المواد الصلبة العالقة بشكل طبيعي عن طريق الترسيب. ومع ذلك، فإن تصميم وحجم حوض تخزين الري يعتمد عادة فقط على احتياجات مياه الري ومساحة النبات دون الأخذ في الاعتبار أن شكل وحجم الحوض يمكن أن يكون له أيضًا تأثير على كفاءة الإزالة. علاوة على ذلك، يمكن تحقيق حجم التخزين من خلال مجموعات مختلفة من الطول والعرض والعمق. تدرس هذه الورقة تأثير هندسة حوض تخزين الري على أدائها في ترسيب الرواسب المعلقة. تعتمد المنهجية المعتمدة في هذه الدراسة على ديناميكيات الموائع الحسابية باستخدام ANSYS Fluent. يتم استخدام نتائج تجريبية محددة مأخوذة من الأدبيات لتأكيد موثوقية المحاكاة العددية لوصف مجال التدفق. أولاً، يتم إجراء دراسة بارامترية من أجل تحديد تأثير كل أبعاد الحوض. بعد ذلك، يتم حساب كفاءة المصيدة لعشرين حوضًا لها نفس سعة التخزين والأشكال الهندسية المختلفة من أجل اختيار الأبعاد المثلى. تظهر النتائج أن كفاءة الإزالة حساسة للغاية لحجم الحوض، خاصة لعمقه وطوله. ومع ذلك، بالنسبة لسعة تخزين محددة، يمكن استخدام معلمتين مختلفتين بلا أبعاد لتحديد الحجم الأمثل: نسبة الطول إلى العمق ونسبة الطول إلى العرض. في الحالات التي تكون فيها قيمة العمق مطلوبة بسبب نوع التربة أو سطح الأرض، يمكن استخدام النسبة الثانية.

My dissertation project Double bass in Czech music of the 21st century with a focus on solo and chamber music literature in a historical and international context aims to convey a report about the state of the Czech contemporary music for double bass in the new millennium. The output value should be a summarization and cataloguing of new compositions, a comparison of the same and a description of them in both an international and historical context. An- other important aspect of this thesis is the case analysis of some pieces and a description of compositional techniques used. This work is meant to be mainly for musical high school (conservatories in the Czech Republic) and musical universities students and pedagogues, as well as double bass interpreters and others interested in this topic, who want to broaden their horizons and discover the state of the contemporary Czech literature for double bass and learn new and often superior compositions. First and foremost, an encyclopaedic style summariza- tion of contemporary double bass pieces should provide a useful tool for all readers interested in discovering new pieces for the deepest string instrument. Another important point of the thesis is a description and explanation of the most common interpretation techniques and a guide to their realisation in praxis.

An unusual situation was revealed in a probe situated by the tower of Gutštejn castle (Tachov District) during an archaeological research in 1998. It was discovered that the tower foundations don’t fit closely to the bedrock but to layers which contain archaeological material – particularly ceramic containers. The contribution represents an evaluation of these findings whose presence can suggest that the tower is older than the latest building-historical researches dealing with this part of the castle.