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Introduktion: Cystisk fibros är en progressiv kronisk sjukdom. Att leva med cystisk fibros påverkar personens liv och personer med cystisk fibros har beskrivit att de upplever en försämrad livskvalitet med tidskrävande behandlingar, fysiska begränsningar och psykosociala påfrestningar vilka begränsar möjligheten till att leva livet fullt ut. Hur sjukdomen upplevs av yngre personer hade bidragit till att ge sjuksköterskor ökad förståelse för patienters behov i omvårdnaden. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva barns, ungdomars och unga vuxnas upplevelser av att leva med cystisk fibros. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturöversikt baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar utfördes. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall för kvalitativa studier (2022a). Studiernas resultat sammanställdes och analyserades utifrån en modell beskriven av Popenoe et al. (2021). Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: Begränsningar i det dagliga livet, Upplevelser av hälsa och Påverkad självbild. Cystisk fibros medförde upplevelser av kroppsliga begränsningar, tidskrävande behandling, sociala restriktioner och en oro inför framtiden. Att ses som mer än sjukdomen ansågs var en faktor till bättre upplevd hälsa. Självbilden påverkades då deltagare eftersträvade normalitet. Det fanns även en rädsla för att bli dömd, att göra andra besvikna och upplevelser av bristande autonomi. Slutsats: Cystisk fibros påverkar unga ur aspekter såsom självbild, socialt liv och fysiska begränsningar. Kunskap om sjukdomens påverkan ger sjuksköterskan bättre förutsättning för god personcentrerad omvårdnad och att hjälpa unga patienter hantera sin sjukdom och uppnå bästa möjliga livskvalitet. Introduction: Cystic fibrosis is a progressive chronic disease. Living with cystic fibrosis affects the person's life and reduces quality of life with time-consuming treatments, physical limitations and psychosocial stresses which limit the opportunity to live life to the full. How the disease is experienced by younger people could contribute to giving nurses an increased understanding of patients' needs. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of children, adolescents and young adults living with cystic fibrosis. Method: A descriptive literature review, based on 10 scientific qualitative articles. The articles were quality reviewed according to SBU's review template for qualitative studies (2022a). The results of the studies were compiled and analyzed based on a model described by Popenoe et al. (2021). Results: The people's experiences resulted in three categories: Limitations in daily life, Experience of health and Affected self-image. Cystic fibrosis brought limitations such as physical limitations, time-consuming treatment, social restrictions and a worry about the future. Being seen as more than the disease was considered a factor in perceived health. Self-image was affected as participants sought normalcy, there was also a fear of being judged, fear of disappointing others and an experience of a lack of autonomy. Conclusion: Cystic fibrosis affects young people from aspects such as self-image, social life and physical limitations. Knowledge of the impact of the disease gives the nurse a better basis for good person-centered care and to help young patients manage their disease and achieve the best possible quality of life.

There is a striking knowledge gap on ADHD in older adults, and the diagnosis as well as treatment for ADHD in this age group.The authors first review the literature on the prevalence, functional impairment, and health comorbidities of ADHD across the lifespan. Next, they address the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in adults according to the DSM/ICD, available screening/diagnostic tools, differential diagnosis, and the validity of diagnostic criteria for ADHD in older adults. Finally, the authors focus on empirical evidence on the prevalence rates, medication response, and safety of pharmacological treatment of ADHD in older adults, and national and international clinical guidelines on the treatment of ADHD in this age group.It is expected that future editions of the DSM and ICD will provide specifiers to the standard ADHD criteria, to better inform the diagnosis of ADHD in older adults. It is also expected that the increasing number of epidemiological studies will provide rigorous estimates on the prevalence, incidence, and burden of ADHD in older adults. One may expect an increasing number of RCTs assessing the efficacy/effectiveness and tolerability/safety of pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological interventions which will inform future guidelines on ADHD in older adults.

Objective: Psoriatic arthritis mutilans (PAM) is the most severe phenotype of psoriatic arthritis due to excessive bone erosion causing joint destruction and decreased functional capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of comorbidities among patients with PAM and the association between comorbidities and joint involvement.Methods: A total of 66 patients aged ≥18 years from the Nordic countries with past or present psoriasis along with at least one mutilated joint were included in the present study.Results: The median number of comorbid conditions per patient was 1 [interquartile range (IQR) 0–2] and 16.7% reported three or more comorbidities. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (36.4%). The median number of mutilated joints per patient was 3 (IQR 1–8.3; range 1–38).Conclusion: Two thirds of the patients with PAM reported comorbid conditions and the most frequent was hypertension which affected more than a third of the patients. However, this study was unable to detect any association between comorbidities and the severity of PAM.

Displaying high-quality images on edge devices, such as augmented reality devices, is essential for enhancing the user experience. However, these devices often face power consumption and computing resource limitations, making it challenging to apply many deep learning-based image compression algorithms in this field. Implicit Neural Representation (INR) for image compression is an emerging technology that offers two key benefits compared to cutting-edge autoencoder models: low computational complexity and parameter-free decoding. It also outperforms many traditional and early neural compression methods in terms of quality. In this study, we introduce a new Mixed Autoregressive Model (MARM) to significantly reduce the decoding time for the current INR codec, along with a new synthesis network to enhance reconstruction quality. MARM includes our proposed Autoregressive Upsampler (ARU) blocks, which are highly computationally efficient, and ARM from previous work to balance decoding time and reconstruction quality. We also propose enhancing ARU's performance using a checkerboard two-stage decoding strategy. Moreover, the ratio of different modules can be adjusted to maintain a balance between quality and speed. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our method significantly improves computational efficiency while preserving image quality. With different parameter settings, our method can outperform popular AE-based codecs in constrained environments in terms of both quality and decoding time, or achieve state-of-the-art reconstruction quality compared to other INR codecs.

This paper estimates family spillovers in high school major choice in Sweden, where admission to oversubscribed majors is determined based on GPA. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find large sibling and intergenerational spillovers that depend on the sex mix of a dyad. Same-sex siblings copy one another, while younger brothers recoil from an older sister’s choices. Fathers and mothers influence sons but not their daughters, except when a mother majors in the male-dominated program of engineering. Back-of-the-envelope calculations reveal that these within-family spillovers have sizable implications for the sex composition of majors. (JEL I21, J12, J13, J16)

Photoinduced bimolecular charge transfer processes involving the iron(III) N-heterocyclic carbene (FeNHC) photosensitizer [Fe(phtmeimb)

Detta är en projektrapport från ett ULF-finansierat forskningsprojekt där sex stycken förskollärare och en forskare tillsammans har fokuserat på förskollärares ansvars- och ledarskapsuppdrag. Syftet med projektet är att bidra med kunskap om förskollärares föreställningar om sitt ansvar för, och ledande av, förskolans pedagogiska arbete. Syftet är också att utveckla en modell för hur förskollärares ledarskap kan utövas i praktiken. Resultatet visar att förskollärare ser möjligheter i att ta ansvar för och leda det gemensamma arbetet i sina arbetslag bestående av blandade yrkeskategorier genom att använda sig av strukturerade samtalsmodeller som en metod. Samtalsmodellerna stödjer förskollärarna i att leda de kollektiva och kollegiala lärprocesserna i arbetslaget för att på sikt stärka den pedagogiska kvaliteten. Dilemman som blir framträdande är att förskollärarna inte upplever sig ha ett tydligt mandat att leda i sina arbetslag ännu. Den långa traditionen där alla tar lika mycket ansvar, oavsett utbildning, och där det inte förekommer en formell ledare i ett arbetslag är fortfarande dominant. Förskollärarna upplever heller inte att de har tid eller mer riktad kunskap att leda det gemensamma arbetet. Men genom att använda strukturerade samtalsmodeller ser förskollärarna ändå möjligheter i att skapa en lärande kultur där allas olika kompetenser kan tas tillvara och där alla känner sig inkluderade och delaktiga.