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projektem OP VK PVBV – Popularizace vědy a badatelsky orientované výuky, reg. č. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/45.000

In my work I present possibilities of oral history usage in history lessons in the Czech Republic. I focus on primary schools and present tasks and realization of concrete projects. Main task is communication among the children and narrators, and cooperation among the families and the school. In my paper is introduced Czech elementary education, connection of oral history and history lessons, thematic areas and proposals of three concrete projects. First project is about daily life in normalization. The second one named “Become an explorer” describes record of historical changes through the street name changes. The third one deals November’s events in the 1989 and its output is “living museum”. Students present here their knowledge and skills, which they gained at the school. With their creations they decorated walls of the classes and corridors of school. Ve svém příspěvku popisuji využití orální historie v hodinách dějepisu v České republice. Zaměřuji se v něm na základní školství a konkrétní realizaci projektů. Hlavním přispěním orální historie do školství je možnost propojení rodiny a školy. V článku je představeno české základní školství, propojení orální historie s dějepisem, tématické oblasti a návrhy tří konkrétních projektů. První se zabývá každodenností a tedy životem v době tzv. normalizace. Druhý s názvem Staň se průzkumníkem popisuje zaznamenání historických změn prostřednictvím proměny názvů ulic. Třetí se zabývá listopadovými událostmi roku 1989 a jeho výstupem je tzv. živé muzeum. Žáci zde prezentují své znalosti a dovednosti, které získali prostřednictvím výuky. Svými výtvory pak zdobí stěny ve třídě i chodbu školy.

The aim of our research partnership was to outline the history of the area called Kosovo today, and to analyse its characteristics from the age of the Roman Empire up to now. This study is to introduce the results of the second phase of the research. In June 1458 the troops of the Ottoman Empire occupied the castle of Smederevo, the last Serbian-ruled area, and thus the Medieval state of the Serbs ceased to exist. Serbia – includig Kosovo – was under Turkish rule for almost 500 years, until as late as 1913. The 454 years of the history of Ottoman Kosovo can be divided into three shorter periods. 1. The period of relatively peaceful coexistence (1458–1683). 2. The period of srtict Turkish control (1686–1804). 3. The period of permanent conflicts (1804–1913). Our paper is to give and in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the above three periods, including political, economic and religios issues, ethnic processes, administrative changes and spatial processes.

Significance We report the remarkable discovery of an early Aurignacian occupation, ∼5,000 years older than any Upper Paleolithic site in westernmost Eurasia. The archaeological and radiocarbon data provide definitive evidence that modern humans were in western Iberia at a time when, if present at all, Neanderthal populations would have been extremely sparse. This discovery has important ramifications for our understanding of the process of modern human dispersal and replacement of Neanderthal populations. The results support a very rapid, unimpeded dispersal of modern humans across western Eurasia and support the notion that climate and environmental change played a significant role in this process.

In the recent decades, there is a constantly growing amount of multimodal data being collected and stored in order to be preserved for a future use. These data include – among other things – videotaped oral history interviews, archived footage of various TV broadcasts and a plethora of scanned hand-written and typed documents and photographs. The resulting archives present invaluable resources for many branches of the humanities (history, linguistics) and social sciences (political science, communication studies). The paper presents a software framework used to provide access to those resources. V posledních desetiletích neustále roste množství multimodálních dat shromážděných a uložených pro budoucí použití. Tyto údaje zahrnují - mimo jiné - rozhovory orální historie, archivy televizního vysílání a mnoho naskenovaných ručně a strojově psaných dokumentů a fotografií. Výsledné archivy představují neocenitelné zdroje pro mnoho humanitních (historie, lingvistika) a společenských věd (politologie, komunikační studie). Příspěvek představuje softwarové nástroje používané k zajištění přístupu k těmto zdrojům.

AbstractThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the applicability of selected methods of the so-called distant reading from the area of digital humanities for the interpretation of early Christian texts, specifically for approaching similarities and differences between the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of John. We use the term “distant reading” for the methods that allow us to explore, analyze, and visualize digitized textual data while using the tools from the area of data mining, natural language processing, or corpus linguistics. We want to explore whether methods from the field of digital humanities can allow for a sophisticated, quantifiable, and replicable comparison of the corpora of early Christian movements and thereby help to uncover the basic features of their theology and thus be a suitable complement to traditional exegesis and interpretation achieved by close reading.