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  • 14. Life underwater
  • European Marine Science

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Farran, G.;

    This item has been digitised from The Marine Institute library archive. A localised translation of common Irish fishes names into Irish, compiled by G. P. Farran.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Marine Institute Ope...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Razmi Shah,Raz Shauqeena Batrisyea; Ibrahim,Yusof; Villalobos-Guerrero,Tulio F.; Masanori,Sato;

    An updated comprehensive checklist of polychaete species, which have been recorded from Malaysian waters, is provided, with their geographic distributions and the research history for them. A total of 57 species belonging to 30 families have been reported since the early 1870s, with Nereididae as the most dominant family with ten species; however, more than half of the total are questionable species in the country. Despite the increased efforts of polychaete studies in the past decade, the taxonomic endeavour of discovering and describing species in the country could be higher. Malaysian polychaetes were mostly recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, whereas very few were from Borneo Island. Most previously recorded species were associated with intertidal and estuarine habitats and a few were found in the subtidal and freshwater environments. We stress the need for urgent research on this biologically, ecologically and culturally relevant taxonomic group as the species accumulation curve grows exponentially in this megadiverse country.The current checklist has been updated since the previous one in 2013. Many species previously listed were judged as doubtful and not taxonomically reliable.

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    Pensoft
    Other ORP type . 2023
    Data sources: Pensoft
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      Pensoft
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    Authors: da Silva Camilo,Geysa; Terra,Bianca; de Araújo,Francisco;

    This study provides a list of freshwater fishes of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO; Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil) and its surrounding areas. Fish samplings were performed by electrofishing during the dry season (2010 –2011) in three different areas: 1, inside of the PARNASO (2 sites); 2, in the buffer zone (4 sites); and 3, in adjacent areas (8 sites). A total of 47 fish species in 13 families and six orders were recorded. Fish composition within the limits of the PARNASO differed from that recorded in the adjacent area, with the latter having comparatively higher species richness. The buffer area had intermediate ichthyofauna composition between the two other areas. This study enhanced knowledge on the composition and structure of the fish assemblages in PARNASO, by recording the occurrence of six new species within the park that were not included in the Management Plan of this Conservation Unit.

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    Pensoft
    Other ORP type . 2015
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      Pensoft
      Other ORP type . 2015
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    Authors: Milzer, G.; Giraudeau, J.; Faust, J.; Knies, J.; +2 Authors

    Instrumental records from the Norwegian Sea and the Trondheimsfjord show evidence that changes of bottom water temperature and salinity in the fjord are linked to the salinity and temperature variability of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). Changes in primary productivity and salinity in the surface and intermediate water masses in the Trondheimsfjord as well as the fjord sedimentary budget are mainly driven by changes in riverine input. In this study we use 59 surface sediment samples that are evenly distributed in the fjord to examine whether dinocyst assemblages and stable isotope ratios of benthic foraminifera reflect the present-day hydrology and can be used as palaeoceanographic proxies. In general, modern benthic δ18O and δ13C values decrease from the fjord entrance towards the fjord head with lowest values close to river inlets. This is essentially explained by gradients in the amounts of fresh water and terrigenous organic matter delivered from the hinterland. The distribution of benthic δ13C ratios across the fjord is controlled by the origin (terrigenous vs. marine) of organic matter, local topography-induced variability in organic matter flux at the water–sediment interface, and organic matter degradation. The dinocyst assemblages display the variations in hydrography with respect to the prevailing currents, the topography, and the freshwater and nutrient supply from rivers. The strength and depth of the pycnocline in the fjord strongly vary seasonally and thereby affect water mass characteristics as well as nutrient availability, temporally creating local conditions that explain the observed species distribution. Our results prove that dinocyst assemblages and benthic foraminiferal isotopes reliably mirror the complex fjord hydrology and can be used as proxies of Holocene climatic variability.

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    Copernicus Publications
    Other ORP type . 2018
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      Copernicus Publications
      Other ORP type . 2018
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    Authors: Steinacher, M.; Joos, F.; Frölicher, T. L.; Bopp, L.; +8 Authors

    Changes in marine net primary productivity (PP) and export of particulate organic carbon (EP) are projected over the 21st century with four global coupled carbon cycle-climate models. These include representations of marine ecosystems and the carbon cycle of different structure and complexity. All four models show a decrease in global mean PP and EP between 2 and 20% by 2100 relative to preindustrial conditions, for the SRES A2 emission scenario. Two different regimes for productivity changes are consistently identified in all models. The first chain of mechanisms is dominant in the low- and mid-latitude ocean and in the North Atlantic: reduced input of macro-nutrients into the euphotic zone related to enhanced stratification, reduced mixed layer depth, and slowed circulation causes a decrease in macro-nutrient concentrations and in PP and EP. The second regime is projected for parts of the Southern Ocean: an alleviation of light and/or temperature limitation leads to an increase in PP and EP as productivity is fueled by a sustained nutrient input. A region of disagreement among the models is the Arctic, where three models project an increase in PP while one model projects a decrease. Projected changes in seasonal and interannual variability are modest in most regions. Regional model skill metrics are proposed to generate multi-model mean fields that show an improved skill in representing observation-based estimates compared to a simple multi-model average. Model results are compared to recent productivity projections with three different algorithms, usually applied to infer net primary production from satellite observations.

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    Copernicus Publications
    Other ORP type . 2018
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      Copernicus Publications
      Other ORP type . 2018
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    Authors: Crowley, Danielle; Burke, Noirin; McAvinney, Rory;

    The following questions and answers are about the ocean, tides, currents, and more. This PowerPoint can be used in the class to spark discussions and learn the amazing answers to questions like "how much oxygen comes from the ocean?", "how deep is the ocean?", and "why is the Gulf Stream current important to Ireland?" This PowerPoint may be used for educational purposes and the images must retain all of their image copyright details. Marine Institute

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    Authors: Zielinski, Tymon; Markowicz, Krystof; Neuber, Roland; Ritter, Christoph; +3 Authors

    The International workshop on Atmospheric Studies in the Arctic was held at the Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Sopot, Poland on 28. and 29. January 2016. The workshop is a joint effort of the iAREA team, the Alfred Wegener Institute and the University of Florence in cooperation with the Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences and the Center for Polar Studies. The workshop is a contribution to the Ny-Aalesund Atmosphere Flagship Programme. This book of abstract includes the contributions building on the iAREA campaigns in 2014 and 2015 held in Ny-Aalesund, Spitsbergen.

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    Authors: Michaud, H.; Marsaleix, P.; Leredde, Y.; Estournel, C.; +4 Authors

    We develop and implement a new method to take into account the impact of waves into the 3-D circulation model SYMPHONIE (Marsaleix et al., 2008, 2009a) following the simplified equations of Bennis et al. (2011) which use glm2z-RANS theory (Ardhuin et al., 2008c). These adiabatic equations are completed by additional parameterizations of wave breaking, bottom friction and wave-enhanced vertical mixing, making the forcing valid from the surf zone through to the open ocean. The wave forcing is performed by wave generation and propagation models WAVEWATCH III® (Tolman, 2008, 2009; Ardhuin et al., 2010) and SWAN (Booij et al., 1999). The model is tested and compared with other models for a plane beach test case, previously tested by Haas and Warner (2009)and Uchiyama et al. (2010). A comparison is also made with the laboratory measurements of Haller et al. (2002) of a barred beach with channels. Results fit with previous simulations performed by other models and with available observational data. Finally, a realistic case is simulated with energetic waves travelling over a coast of the Gulf of Lion (in the northwest of the Mediterranean Sea) for which currents are available at different depths as well as an accurate bathymetric database of the 0–10 m depth range. A grid nesting approach is used to account for the different forcings acting at different spatial scales. The simulation coupling the effects of waves and currents is successful to reproduce the powerful northward littoral drift in the 0–15 m depth zone. More precisely, two distinct cases are identified: When waves have a normal angle of incidence with the coast, they are responsible for complex circulation cells and rip currents in the surf zone, and when they travel obliquely, they generate a northward littoral drift. These features are more complicated than in the test cases, due to the complex bathymetry and the consideration of wind and non-stationary processes. Wave impacts in the inner shelf are less visible since wind and regional circulation seem to be the predominant forcings. Besides, a discrepancy between model and observations is noted at that scale, possibly linked to an underestimation of the wind stress. This three-dimensional method allows a good representation of vertical current profiles and permits the calculation of the shear stress associated with waves and currents. Future work will focus on the combination with a sediment transport model.

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    Copernicus Publications
    Other ORP type . 2018
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      Copernicus Publications
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nixdorf, Uwe; Dethloff, Klaus; Rex, Markus; Shupe, Matthew; +37 Authors

    In the name of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Consortium, and all authors of articles citing MOSAiC, we thank all those who contributed to MOSAiC and made this drift observatory possible!

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    ZENODO
    Other ORP type . 2021
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    ZENODO
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    ZENODO
    Other ORP type . 2021
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    Authors: Provoost, P.; Heuven, S.; Soetaert, K.; Laane, R. W. P. M.; +1 Authors

    Recent observations and modelling studies suggest that biogeochemical changes can mask atmospheric CO2-induced pH decreases. Data collected by the Dutch monitoring authorities in different coastal systems (North Sea, Wadden Sea, Ems-Dollard, Eastern Scheldt and Scheldt estuary) since 1975 provide an excellent opportunity to test whether this is the case in the Dutch coastal zone. The time-series were analysed using Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) which resulted in the identification of system-dependent patterns on both seasonal and intra-annual time scales. The observed rates of pH change greatly exceed those expected from enhanced CO2 uptake, thus suggesting that other biogeochemical processes, possibly related to changes in nutrient loading, can play a dominant role in ocean acidification.

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    Copernicus Publications
    Other ORP type . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Farran, G.;

    This item has been digitised from The Marine Institute library archive. A localised translation of common Irish fishes names into Irish, compiled by G. P. Farran.

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    Authors: Razmi Shah,Raz Shauqeena Batrisyea; Ibrahim,Yusof; Villalobos-Guerrero,Tulio F.; Masanori,Sato;

    An updated comprehensive checklist of polychaete species, which have been recorded from Malaysian waters, is provided, with their geographic distributions and the research history for them. A total of 57 species belonging to 30 families have been reported since the early 1870s, with Nereididae as the most dominant family with ten species; however, more than half of the total are questionable species in the country. Despite the increased efforts of polychaete studies in the past decade, the taxonomic endeavour of discovering and describing species in the country could be higher. Malaysian polychaetes were mostly recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, whereas very few were from Borneo Island. Most previously recorded species were associated with intertidal and estuarine habitats and a few were found in the subtidal and freshwater environments. We stress the need for urgent research on this biologically, ecologically and culturally relevant taxonomic group as the species accumulation curve grows exponentially in this megadiverse country.The current checklist has been updated since the previous one in 2013. Many species previously listed were judged as doubtful and not taxonomically reliable.

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    Pensoft
    Other ORP type . 2023
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    Authors: da Silva Camilo,Geysa; Terra,Bianca; de Araújo,Francisco;

    This study provides a list of freshwater fishes of the Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO; Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil) and its surrounding areas. Fish samplings were performed by electrofishing during the dry season (2010 –2011) in three different areas: 1, inside of the PARNASO (2 sites); 2, in the buffer zone (4 sites); and 3, in adjacent areas (8 sites). A total of 47 fish species in 13 families and six orders were recorded. Fish composition within the limits of the PARNASO differed from that recorded in the adjacent area, with the latter having comparatively higher species richness. The buffer area had intermediate ichthyofauna composition between the two other areas. This study enhanced knowledge on the composition and structure of the fish assemblages in PARNASO, by recording the occurrence of six new species within the park that were not included in the Management Plan of this Conservation Unit.

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    Pensoft
    Other ORP type . 2015
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    Authors: Milzer, G.; Giraudeau, J.; Faust, J.; Knies, J.; +2 Authors

    Instrumental records from the Norwegian Sea and the Trondheimsfjord show evidence that changes of bottom water temperature and salinity in the fjord are linked to the salinity and temperature variability of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). Changes in primary productivity and salinity in the surface and intermediate water masses in the Trondheimsfjord as well as the fjord sedimentary budget are mainly driven by changes in riverine input. In this study we use 59 surface sediment samples that are evenly distributed in the fjord to examine whether dinocyst assemblages and stable isotope ratios of benthic foraminifera reflect the present-day hydrology and can be used as palaeoceanographic proxies. In general, modern benthic δ18O and δ13C values decrease from the fjord entrance towards the fjord head with lowest values close to river inlets. This is essentially explained by gradients in the amounts of fresh water and terrigenous organic matter delivered from the hinterland. The distribution of benthic δ13C ratios across the fjord is controlled by the origin (terrigenous vs. marine) of organic matter, local topography-induced variability in organic matter flux at the water–sediment interface, and organic matter degradation. The dinocyst assemblages display the variations in hydrography with respect to the prevailing currents, the topography, and the freshwater and nutrient supply from rivers. The strength and depth of the pycnocline in the fjord strongly vary seasonally and thereby affect water mass characteristics as well as nutrient availability, temporally creating local conditions that explain the observed species distribution. Our results prove that dinocyst assemblages and benthic foraminiferal isotopes reliably mirror the complex fjord hydrology and can be used as proxies of Holocene climatic variability.

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    Copernicus Publications
    Other ORP type . 2018
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    Authors: Steinacher, M.; Joos, F.; Frölicher, T. L.; Bopp, L.; +8 Authors

    Changes in marine net primary productivity (PP) and export of particulate organic carbon (EP) are projected over the 21st century with four global coupled carbon cycle-climate models. These include representations of marine ecosystems and the carbon cycle of different structure and complexity. All four models show a decrease in global mean PP and EP between 2 and 20% by 2100 relative to preindustrial conditions, for the SRES A2 emission scenario. Two different regimes for productivity changes are consistently identified in all models. The first chain of mechanisms is dominant in the low- and mid-latitude ocean and in the North Atlantic: reduced input of macro-nutrients into the euphotic zone related to enhanced stratification, reduced mixed layer depth, and slowed circulation causes a decrease in macro-nutrient concentrations and in PP and EP. The second regime is projected for parts of the Southern Ocean: an alleviation of light and/or temperature limitation leads to an increase in PP and EP as productivity is fueled by a sustained nutrient input. A region of disagreement among the models is the Arctic, where three models project an increase in PP while one model projects a decrease. Projected changes in seasonal and interannual variability are modest in most regions. Regional model skill metrics are proposed to generate multi-model mean fields that show an improved skill in representing observation-based estimates compared to a simple multi-model average. Model results are compared to recent productivity projections with three different algorithms, usually applied to infer net primary production from satellite observations.

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    Authors: Crowley, Danielle; Burke, Noirin; McAvinney, Rory;

    The following questions and answers are about the ocean, tides, currents, and more. This PowerPoint can be used in the class to spark discussions and learn the amazing answers to questions like "how much oxygen comes from the ocean?", "how deep is the ocean?", and "why is the Gulf Stream current important to Ireland?" This PowerPoint may be used for educational purposes and the images must retain all of their image copyright details. Marine Institute

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Marine Institute Ope...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/