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  • 2016-2025
  • Open Access
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  • Publikationer från KTH
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kulbay, Mustafa;

    This report is about a novel approach to attenuation of fan noise in aerial vehicles, by way of implementing a ducted fan in the chassis of a four meter blended wing body plane. Three different one meter PVC pipes were used and their performances as silencers were tested by measuring the sound power level and calculating the insulation loss compared to a fan by itself. The ducts were either empty or lined with acoustic absorbents and micro perforated panels. Experiments were carried out in the reverberation room at KTH Marcus Wallenberg laboratory for sound and vibration research using the guidelines in ISO 3741 (2010). The results showed that the empty duct lead to a 15.3 dB(A) insulation loss with no decrease in thrust from the fan. The absorbent and micro perforated panel, however, lead to a 22.7 dB(A) insulation loss while giving a major decrease in thrust of more than one order of magnitude. The results show the failure of implementation of the latter two silencers due to choking, but also the success of the empty duct. This shows that there is room for improvement and perhaps even a future possibility of a successful implementation in a real vehicle.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från K...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från K...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2021
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nilsson, Tobias; Johansson, Sofie;

    Tätspont är en vanligt förekommande typ av stödkonstruktion och är i dagslägen den mest tids- och kostnadseffektiva på marknaden. Tätsponter består utav sammanfogade spontplankor i stål som ofta drivs med vibrationsutrustning. Ett antal studier har sedan början av 2000-talet undersökt vilka faktorer som påverkar drivbarheten av en planka. Men kunskapen kring förväntat produktionskapacitet, sett till ett helt projekt, är fortfarande bristfällig och det enda indikationerna för svår drivning som används idag är förekomsten av block och fast friktionsjord. Detta medför osäkerheter vid projektering som kan leda till förseningar och ökade kostnader. Målet med detta arbete är att möjliggöra för uppskattande av kapacitet vid spontdrivning i ett tidigt skede av projekt. Arbetet avser att besvara vilken kapacitet som kan förväntas vid spontdrivning och om det går att förutse denna utifrån de parametrar som kan utvärderas från en jord-bergsondering. För att uppfylla arbetets mål har nio spontprojekt utförda av Skanska Sverige AB studerats. Utifrån information från dagböcker och spontprotokoll, från dessa projekt, har kapaciteten för spontdrivning sammanställts. Sammanställd data för kapaciteten har sedan kopplats till utvärderat borrmotstånd från jord-bergsonderingar för att undersöka eventuellt samband. Det mest väsentliga resultatet av genomförd studie visar att inget samband mellan kapacitet och borrmotståndet vid jord-bergsondering tycks gå att påvisa. Denna avsaknad av samband kan användas som argument mellan parter för att påvisa att jord-bergsondering inte är lämplig för att beräkna förväntat kapacitet. Flera möjliga orsaker till resultatet finns och en är osäkerhet i information som inhämtats från projektens dagböcker. Ytterligare en förklaring kan vara att jord-bergsonderingen inte återspegla de parametrar i jorden som har störst betydelse vid drivning av spontplankor. Sheet pile walls is a common type of retaining structure and is today the most time and cost effective solution on the market. Sheet pile walls consist of steel sheet piles which often are driven with vibratory equipment. A number of studies have since the beginning of the 21st century investigated which factors that influence the driveability of a sheet pile. But the knowledge about expected production capacity, for an entire project, is still limited and the only indication for difficulties when piling, that is used today, is the occurrence of blocks and firm friction soil. This leads to uncertainties in the planning phase of project which can lead to delays and increased costs. The goal of this work is to enable for estimation of the sheet piling capacity in an early state of projects. The work intends to answer what capacity can be expected when sheet piling and if it is possible to predict this from the parameters evaluated from the soil-rock sounding. To fulfill the goal of this work nine sheet piling project performed by Skanska Sverige AB have been studied. Based on information from diaries and sheet piling protocols, from these projects, the capacities of the sheet piling have been gathered. Gathered data for the capacity have then been connected to the penetration resistance evaluated from the soil-rock sounding to find a possible relationship. The most significant result of this study illustrates that no relationship between the capacity and penetration resistance from soil-rock sounding can be shown. This lack of relationship can be used as an argument between parties to show that soil-rock sounding is not suitable for calculating expected capacity. There are several possible reasons for this result and one is uncertainties in the information gathered from project diaries. Another explanation can be that soil-rock sounding does not reflect the parameters in the soil which has the greatest significance when sheet piling.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från K...arrow_drop_down
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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2018
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Nettelbladt, Max; Stojanovski, Kevin;

    This thesis provides insights into the feasibility of managing product requirements in a concept leveraging an object-centric information model. The aim of this concept is to provide efective management of product requirements in the context of rising volume and complexity of requirements. Firstly, benefts and challenges between the current document-centric way of managing requirements and the novel object-centric concept for managing requirements are mapped and presented. Secondly, the organizational prerequisites necessary for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept are explored and insights into how this transition can be facilitated with knowledge management are generated. Thirdly, the accuracy of this novel concept is evaluated in terms of applying the correct requirements onto products and not more nor less. The methods in this thesis are of mixed nature and combine qualitative and quantitative data sets. The quantitative data was collected from the analysis of the requirement applicability concept and the previous tests of the same concept on diferent products at Company X. The analysis of quantitative data for concept accuracy revolved around interpreting the nature of negative- and positive delta values following an automatic application of requirements in the novel object-centric concept. The former of these delta values relates to relevant requirements missing onto products whereas the latter relates to non-relevant requirements being applied following the automatic application. The qualitative data was collected mainly through a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews, a workshop, meetings, Company X documents and observations. The analysis of qualitative data was done via an adaptation of two frameworks: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation by Hanelt et al, 2021 and The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation by Nonaka, 1994. These adapted frameworks were leveraged to generate insights into the necessary organizational prerequisites for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept. While benefts and challenges exist between the two diferent ways of managing requirements, these are not weighted and thus no defnitive conclusion on best practice is drawn. Instead these fndings provide organizations a reference point for evaluating each approach in relation to their own circumstances. Some of the prerequisites identifed as critical for adopting an object-centric product requirement applicability model are a digital library of requirement specifcations that are convertible to object-centric data format, and a suitable PLM strategy chosen by the Top Management Teams that is aiding the development of the concept. As for knowledge management in order to transition to the new concept, fndings show that standardized knowledge creation and knowledge exchange is necessary as well as developing centralized knowledge databases. Lastly, the quantitative fndings indicate that the applicability concept is accurate, but that there is a need for additional iterations with model improvements where the negative delta can be eliminated and the positive delta held at an acceptable level. Den här studien ger insikter om genomförbarheten av att hantera produktkrav i ett koncept som utnyttjar en objektcentrerad informationsmodell. Syftet med detta koncept är att tillhandahålla efektiv hantering av produktkrav i samband med att de ökar i volym samt komplexitet. Studien kartlägger först fördelar och utmaningar mellan det nuvarande dokumentcentrerade sättet att hantera krav och det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Även de organisatoriska förutsättningar som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade produktkravskonceptet undersöks i samband med hur denna övergång kan underlättas med hjälp av kunskapshantering. Slutligen så utvärderas det objektcentrerade konceptet för kravapplicering beträfande hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav på produkter. Metodiken i denna studie kombinerar kvalitativa och kvantitativa datamängder. Den kvantitativa datan samlades in från analys av kravappliceringskonceptet samt de tidigare testerna av konceptet på olika produkter som gjorts av Företag X. Analysen av kvantitativ data för hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav kretsar kring att förstå grundorsakerna till de negativa och positiva deltavärden som uppkommit efter en automatisk applicering av krav i det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Det negativa deltavärdet relaterar till nödvändiga krav som saknas på produkter, medan det positiva deltavärdet avser icke-relevanta krav som har applicerats efter en systemförfrågan och automatisk applicering av krav. Den kvalitativa datan samlades huvudsakligen in genom en omfattande litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer, workshops, möten, dokument från Företag X och observationer. Analysen av kvalitativ data gjordes via en anpassning av två vetenskapliga ramverk: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation av Hanelt et al, 2021 och The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation av Nonaka, 1994. Dessa anpassade ramverk utnyttjas för att generera insikter i de nödvändiga organisatoriska förutsättningarna som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade kravappliceringskonceptet i en organisation. Fördelar och utmaningar med de två olika sätten att hantera krav viktades inte i denna studie, därför dras ingen defnitiv slutsats om bästa praxis. Istället ger dessa fynd en referenspunkt till organisationer att utvärdera bästa praxis i förhållande till sina egna omständigheter. Några av förutsättningarna identiferade som kritiska för att tillämpa en objektcentrerad produktkravappliceringsmodell är ett digitalt bibliotek av kravspecifkationer som är konverterbara till objektcentrerat dataformat, samt en PLM-strategi införd av de högsta ledningsgrupperna som hjälper till med stödja det objekcentrerade konceptet för produktkravsapplicering. Vad gäller kunskapshantering för att övergå till det nya konceptet visar resultaten att standardiserad kunskapsskapande och utbyte av kunskap är nödvändigt, samt utvecklingen av centraliserade kunskapsdatabaser. Slutligen indikerar de kvantitativa resultaten att tillämpningskonceptet är noggrant, men att ytterligare iterationer med modellförbättringar behövs där den negativa deltan kan elimineras och där den positiva deltan hålls på en acceptabel nivå.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från K...arrow_drop_down
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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från K...arrow_drop_down
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2024
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    Authors: Enheten för Publiceringens infrastruktur,;

    QC 20201012

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Digitala Vetenskapli...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Hasselgren, Björn; Tore, Englén;

    AbstractThe current model for regional infrastructure and urban planning in the Stockholm Region emerged over the early post-war decades. It is a model that proved to be inadequate already early on. That the model does not work is partly due to the conditions for regional planning over the past half century being fundamentally altered in several important respects. There is a need to search for new alternatives for how to organize and fund the regional community planning and the vital infrastructure systems in Stockholm. A discussion of these issues needs to address both the level that is to apply for the organization, from the local level to the regional/central level, and how funding should be solved, with taxes or fees. Four different models for the future organization are discussed in the article. They are not mutually exclusive but demonstrate how different developmental pathways can be pragmatically combined in order to create a regional governance model that is suited for future challenges rather than for since long-gone social conditions.

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    Authors: Hansson, Johan;

    With a rapid transition towards renewable energy sources and increasing demand for electricity, we are facing major changes in the electricity grid. With increased congestion and reduction of inertia the grid is becoming more sensitive to rotor angle stability issues, such as the stability of interarea modes or power oscillation damping (POD). This thesis shows that the use of local measurements for POD improvement could lead to reduced transient rotor angle stability. Depending on fault location it is shown that reduction of the first swing is not always feasible, and depending on the controller the first swing could be amplified and in the worst case lead to a power blackout due to the tripping of generators and transmission lines. The reason for the behavior is, among other things, rooted in the fundamental limitations of using local measurements, where the estimate of the inter-area mode detects the wrong signs of the disturbance. Nonlinear simulations are performed in the nordic32 bus Simulink model in order to validate the results. Med en snabb övergång till förnybara energikällor och ökad efterfrågan på el står vi inför stora förändringar i elnätet. Med ökad belastning och minskad rörelsemängd blir nätet mer känsligt för problem relaterade till rotorvinkelstabilitet, så som stabiliteten av interareapendlingar eller kraftoscillationsdämpning (POD). Denna avhandling visar att användningen av lokal mätning för POD-förbättring kan leda till minskad transient rotorvinkelstabilitet. Beroende på var felet inträffar visas det att dämpning av den första svängningen inte alltid är möjlig, och beroende på regulatorndesign kan den första svängningen förstärkas och i värsta fall leda till en strömavbrott på grund av brotkopplade generatorer eller transmissionsledningar. Detta fenomen är bland annat sprunget ur de fundamentala begränsningarna i användnignen av lokal mätning, där estimeringen av interareapendlingen initialt estimerar fel tecken på störningen. Icke- linjära simuleringar utförs i nordic32 Simulink-modellen för att validera resultaten.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Blythe, Mark; Andersen, Kristina; Clarke, Rachel; Wright, Peter;

    Much of the academic and commercial work which seeks to innovate around technology has been dismissed as "solutionist" because it solves problems that don't exist or ignores the complexity of personal, political and environmental issues. This paper traces the "solutionism" critique to its origins in city planning and highlights the original concern with imaging and representation in the design process. It is increasingly cheap and easy to create compelling and seductive images of concept designs, which sell solutions and presume problems. We consider a range of strategies, which explicitly reject the search for "solutions". These include design fiction and critical design but also less well-known techniques, which aim for unuseless, questionable and silly designs. We present two examples of "magic machine" workshops where participants are encouraged to reject realistic premises for possible technological interventions and create absurd propositions from lo-fi materials. We argue that such practices may help researchers resist the impulse towards solutionism and suggest that attention to representation during the ideation process is a key strategy for this.

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    http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/i...
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    https://doi.org/10.1145/285803...
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1145/285803...
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    Authors: af Klintberg, Tord; Lind, Hans;

    QC 20160229

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    Authors: Nyman, Daniel;

    This thesis focuses mainly on nonlinear dimensionality reduction. A comparison of a number of different extensions of the Isomap-algorithm found in the literature is presented as well as an introduction to the underlying theory. Further, two novel extensions of the algorithm are introduced. Residual variance is used as a means of quantifying performance and optimizing parameters. One of the novel approaches, NNL-Isomap, is applied to financial data sets such as the S&P 500, the results are compared with those from PCA and, when appropriate, well-known academic models. The thesis further introduces a selection of concepts from topological data analysis together with corresponding short explanatory examples as well as applies these concepts to some simple financial examples. Denna uppsats huvudfokus kretsar kring ickelinjär dimensionsreducering. En jämförelse av ett antal olika kända utvidgningar av Isomap-algoritmen ges, samt en introduktion till den bakomliggande teorin. Vidare presenteras två egenutvecklade utvidgningar av algoritmen. För att mäta prestanda samt optimera parametrar används residual variance-metoden. En av de egenutvecklade utvidgningarna, NNL-Isomap, appliceras på finansiella dataset såsom från S&P 500, och dess resultat jämförs med både det av PCA samt välkända akademiska modeller. Ett urval av begrepp härstammandes från topologisk dataanalys introduceras tillsammans med ett par korta exempel, dessa begrepp appliceras sedan på enklare finansiella exempel.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2019
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      Publikationer från KTH
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    Authors: Radu, Alexandru;

    Crew costs are the second highest costs for airlines therefore they represent a key factor for an airline survival and crew scheduling is one of the hardest combinatorial problem. The scheduling process is broken down into crew pairing and crew rostering and, in this thesis, a robust solution is described in detail for the former one. The purpose of the thesis is to present an efficient and robust crew pairing optimization tool which minimizes the pairings costs and reduces unnecessary overcovers. The model framework is based on a new concept which involves four stages. During the first stage all roundtrip combinations are generated then in the second stage the roundtrips generated are optimized and the optimal solution is used in the third stage to generate all pairing combinations. And the last one, the fourth stage, optimizes the pairings obtained from the third stage. An augmented set covering problem is used to for the problem formulation where the unknown variables can take just integer values. A mixed integer programming solver from Google OR has been used to solve the optimization problem. In the last chapter numerical results are presented which show the efficiency of using this model framework. Besättningskostnader är den näst största kostnadsposten för ett flygbolag. De spelar därmed en nyckelroll i ett flygbolags överlevnad. Schemaläggning för besättning är ett mycket svårt kombinatoriskt problem. Schemaläggningsprocessen är indelad i två delmoment: crew pairing och crew rostering. I detta arbete presenteras en robust lösning på det tidigare problemet. Syftet med rapporten är att presentera ett effektivt och robust optimeringsvektyg för att minimera kostnaderna för pairingar och minska ickenödvändig övertäckning. Ramverket för modellen är baserat på ett nytt koncept vilket involverar fyra steg. I första steget skapas pairingar som rundresor, dvs. de slutar så snart en flight i pairingen når flygplatsen som pairingen började på. I det andra steget löses ett optimeringsproblem för attt hitta den optimala kombinationen av dessa rundresor, därefter genereras pairingar på nytt i det tredje steget. I detta steg genereras pairingar baserade på lösningen i det förra steget. Slutligen i det fjärde steget erhålles en optimal lösning baserat på en optimeringsmodell som använder sig av pairingar från det tredje steget, Optimeringsproblemet är formulerat som ett utvidgat övertäckningsproblem där variablerna enbart kan anta heltalsvärden, och en heltalslösare från Google OR tools används för att lösa detta problem. I det sista kapitlet presenteras numeriska resultat från modellen.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2018
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Kulbay, Mustafa;

    This report is about a novel approach to attenuation of fan noise in aerial vehicles, by way of implementing a ducted fan in the chassis of a four meter blended wing body plane. Three different one meter PVC pipes were used and their performances as silencers were tested by measuring the sound power level and calculating the insulation loss compared to a fan by itself. The ducts were either empty or lined with acoustic absorbents and micro perforated panels. Experiments were carried out in the reverberation room at KTH Marcus Wallenberg laboratory for sound and vibration research using the guidelines in ISO 3741 (2010). The results showed that the empty duct lead to a 15.3 dB(A) insulation loss with no decrease in thrust from the fan. The absorbent and micro perforated panel, however, lead to a 22.7 dB(A) insulation loss while giving a major decrease in thrust of more than one order of magnitude. The results show the failure of implementation of the latter two silencers due to choking, but also the success of the empty duct. This shows that there is room for improvement and perhaps even a future possibility of a successful implementation in a real vehicle.

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    Publikationer från KTH
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    Authors: Nilsson, Tobias; Johansson, Sofie;

    Tätspont är en vanligt förekommande typ av stödkonstruktion och är i dagslägen den mest tids- och kostnadseffektiva på marknaden. Tätsponter består utav sammanfogade spontplankor i stål som ofta drivs med vibrationsutrustning. Ett antal studier har sedan början av 2000-talet undersökt vilka faktorer som påverkar drivbarheten av en planka. Men kunskapen kring förväntat produktionskapacitet, sett till ett helt projekt, är fortfarande bristfällig och det enda indikationerna för svår drivning som används idag är förekomsten av block och fast friktionsjord. Detta medför osäkerheter vid projektering som kan leda till förseningar och ökade kostnader. Målet med detta arbete är att möjliggöra för uppskattande av kapacitet vid spontdrivning i ett tidigt skede av projekt. Arbetet avser att besvara vilken kapacitet som kan förväntas vid spontdrivning och om det går att förutse denna utifrån de parametrar som kan utvärderas från en jord-bergsondering. För att uppfylla arbetets mål har nio spontprojekt utförda av Skanska Sverige AB studerats. Utifrån information från dagböcker och spontprotokoll, från dessa projekt, har kapaciteten för spontdrivning sammanställts. Sammanställd data för kapaciteten har sedan kopplats till utvärderat borrmotstånd från jord-bergsonderingar för att undersöka eventuellt samband. Det mest väsentliga resultatet av genomförd studie visar att inget samband mellan kapacitet och borrmotståndet vid jord-bergsondering tycks gå att påvisa. Denna avsaknad av samband kan användas som argument mellan parter för att påvisa att jord-bergsondering inte är lämplig för att beräkna förväntat kapacitet. Flera möjliga orsaker till resultatet finns och en är osäkerhet i information som inhämtats från projektens dagböcker. Ytterligare en förklaring kan vara att jord-bergsonderingen inte återspegla de parametrar i jorden som har störst betydelse vid drivning av spontplankor. Sheet pile walls is a common type of retaining structure and is today the most time and cost effective solution on the market. Sheet pile walls consist of steel sheet piles which often are driven with vibratory equipment. A number of studies have since the beginning of the 21st century investigated which factors that influence the driveability of a sheet pile. But the knowledge about expected production capacity, for an entire project, is still limited and the only indication for difficulties when piling, that is used today, is the occurrence of blocks and firm friction soil. This leads to uncertainties in the planning phase of project which can lead to delays and increased costs. The goal of this work is to enable for estimation of the sheet piling capacity in an early state of projects. The work intends to answer what capacity can be expected when sheet piling and if it is possible to predict this from the parameters evaluated from the soil-rock sounding. To fulfill the goal of this work nine sheet piling project performed by Skanska Sverige AB have been studied. Based on information from diaries and sheet piling protocols, from these projects, the capacities of the sheet piling have been gathered. Gathered data for the capacity have then been connected to the penetration resistance evaluated from the soil-rock sounding to find a possible relationship. The most significant result of this study illustrates that no relationship between the capacity and penetration resistance from soil-rock sounding can be shown. This lack of relationship can be used as an argument between parties to show that soil-rock sounding is not suitable for calculating expected capacity. There are several possible reasons for this result and one is uncertainties in the information gathered from project diaries. Another explanation can be that soil-rock sounding does not reflect the parameters in the soil which has the greatest significance when sheet piling.

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    Authors: Nettelbladt, Max; Stojanovski, Kevin;

    This thesis provides insights into the feasibility of managing product requirements in a concept leveraging an object-centric information model. The aim of this concept is to provide efective management of product requirements in the context of rising volume and complexity of requirements. Firstly, benefts and challenges between the current document-centric way of managing requirements and the novel object-centric concept for managing requirements are mapped and presented. Secondly, the organizational prerequisites necessary for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept are explored and insights into how this transition can be facilitated with knowledge management are generated. Thirdly, the accuracy of this novel concept is evaluated in terms of applying the correct requirements onto products and not more nor less. The methods in this thesis are of mixed nature and combine qualitative and quantitative data sets. The quantitative data was collected from the analysis of the requirement applicability concept and the previous tests of the same concept on diferent products at Company X. The analysis of quantitative data for concept accuracy revolved around interpreting the nature of negative- and positive delta values following an automatic application of requirements in the novel object-centric concept. The former of these delta values relates to relevant requirements missing onto products whereas the latter relates to non-relevant requirements being applied following the automatic application. The qualitative data was collected mainly through a comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews, a workshop, meetings, Company X documents and observations. The analysis of qualitative data was done via an adaptation of two frameworks: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation by Hanelt et al, 2021 and The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation by Nonaka, 1994. These adapted frameworks were leveraged to generate insights into the necessary organizational prerequisites for adopting the object-centric product requirement applicability concept. While benefts and challenges exist between the two diferent ways of managing requirements, these are not weighted and thus no defnitive conclusion on best practice is drawn. Instead these fndings provide organizations a reference point for evaluating each approach in relation to their own circumstances. Some of the prerequisites identifed as critical for adopting an object-centric product requirement applicability model are a digital library of requirement specifcations that are convertible to object-centric data format, and a suitable PLM strategy chosen by the Top Management Teams that is aiding the development of the concept. As for knowledge management in order to transition to the new concept, fndings show that standardized knowledge creation and knowledge exchange is necessary as well as developing centralized knowledge databases. Lastly, the quantitative fndings indicate that the applicability concept is accurate, but that there is a need for additional iterations with model improvements where the negative delta can be eliminated and the positive delta held at an acceptable level. Den här studien ger insikter om genomförbarheten av att hantera produktkrav i ett koncept som utnyttjar en objektcentrerad informationsmodell. Syftet med detta koncept är att tillhandahålla efektiv hantering av produktkrav i samband med att de ökar i volym samt komplexitet. Studien kartlägger först fördelar och utmaningar mellan det nuvarande dokumentcentrerade sättet att hantera krav och det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Även de organisatoriska förutsättningar som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade produktkravskonceptet undersöks i samband med hur denna övergång kan underlättas med hjälp av kunskapshantering. Slutligen så utvärderas det objektcentrerade konceptet för kravapplicering beträfande hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav på produkter. Metodiken i denna studie kombinerar kvalitativa och kvantitativa datamängder. Den kvantitativa datan samlades in från analys av kravappliceringskonceptet samt de tidigare testerna av konceptet på olika produkter som gjorts av Företag X. Analysen av kvantitativ data för hur exakt konceptet är i att applicera rätt krav kretsar kring att förstå grundorsakerna till de negativa och positiva deltavärden som uppkommit efter en automatisk applicering av krav i det nya objektcentrerade konceptet. Det negativa deltavärdet relaterar till nödvändiga krav som saknas på produkter, medan det positiva deltavärdet avser icke-relevanta krav som har applicerats efter en systemförfrågan och automatisk applicering av krav. Den kvalitativa datan samlades huvudsakligen in genom en omfattande litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer, workshops, möten, dokument från Företag X och observationer. Analysen av kvalitativ data gjordes via en anpassning av två vetenskapliga ramverk: The Multi-Dimensional Framework for Digital Transformation av Hanelt et al, 2021 och The Process of Organizational Knowledge Creation av Nonaka, 1994. Dessa anpassade ramverk utnyttjas för att generera insikter i de nödvändiga organisatoriska förutsättningarna som krävs för att införa det objektcentrerade kravappliceringskonceptet i en organisation. Fördelar och utmaningar med de två olika sätten att hantera krav viktades inte i denna studie, därför dras ingen defnitiv slutsats om bästa praxis. Istället ger dessa fynd en referenspunkt till organisationer att utvärdera bästa praxis i förhållande till sina egna omständigheter. Några av förutsättningarna identiferade som kritiska för att tillämpa en objektcentrerad produktkravappliceringsmodell är ett digitalt bibliotek av kravspecifkationer som är konverterbara till objektcentrerat dataformat, samt en PLM-strategi införd av de högsta ledningsgrupperna som hjälper till med stödja det objekcentrerade konceptet för produktkravsapplicering. Vad gäller kunskapshantering för att övergå till det nya konceptet visar resultaten att standardiserad kunskapsskapande och utbyte av kunskap är nödvändigt, samt utvecklingen av centraliserade kunskapsdatabaser. Slutligen indikerar de kvantitativa resultaten att tillämpningskonceptet är noggrant, men att ytterligare iterationer med modellförbättringar behövs där den negativa deltan kan elimineras och där den positiva deltan hålls på en acceptabel nivå.

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    Bachelor thesis . 2024
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    Authors: Enheten för Publiceringens infrastruktur,;

    QC 20201012

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    Authors: Hasselgren, Björn; Tore, Englén;

    AbstractThe current model for regional infrastructure and urban planning in the Stockholm Region emerged over the early post-war decades. It is a model that proved to be inadequate already early on. That the model does not work is partly due to the conditions for regional planning over the past half century being fundamentally altered in several important respects. There is a need to search for new alternatives for how to organize and fund the regional community planning and the vital infrastructure systems in Stockholm. A discussion of these issues needs to address both the level that is to apply for the organization, from the local level to the regional/central level, and how funding should be solved, with taxes or fees. Four different models for the future organization are discussed in the article. They are not mutually exclusive but demonstrate how different developmental pathways can be pragmatically combined in order to create a regional governance model that is suited for future challenges rather than for since long-gone social conditions.

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    Authors: Hansson, Johan;

    With a rapid transition towards renewable energy sources and increasing demand for electricity, we are facing major changes in the electricity grid. With increased congestion and reduction of inertia the grid is becoming more sensitive to rotor angle stability issues, such as the stability of interarea modes or power oscillation damping (POD). This thesis shows that the use of local measurements for POD improvement could lead to reduced transient rotor angle stability. Depending on fault location it is shown that reduction of the first swing is not always feasible, and depending on the controller the first swing could be amplified and in the worst case lead to a power blackout due to the tripping of generators and transmission lines. The reason for the behavior is, among other things, rooted in the fundamental limitations of using local measurements, where the estimate of the inter-area mode detects the wrong signs of the disturbance. Nonlinear simulations are performed in the nordic32 bus Simulink model in order to validate the results. Med en snabb övergång till förnybara energikällor och ökad efterfrågan på el står vi inför stora förändringar i elnätet. Med ökad belastning och minskad rörelsemängd blir nätet mer känsligt för problem relaterade till rotorvinkelstabilitet, så som stabiliteten av interareapendlingar eller kraftoscillationsdämpning (POD). Denna avhandling visar att användningen av lokal mätning för POD-förbättring kan leda till minskad transient rotorvinkelstabilitet. Beroende på var felet inträffar visas det att dämpning av den första svängningen inte alltid är möjlig, och beroende på regulatorndesign kan den första svängningen förstärkas och i värsta fall leda till en strömavbrott på grund av brotkopplade generatorer eller transmissionsledningar. Detta fenomen är bland annat sprunget ur de fundamentala begränsningarna i användnignen av lokal mätning, där estimeringen av interareapendlingen initialt estimerar fel tecken på störningen. Icke- linjära simuleringar utförs i nordic32 Simulink-modellen för att validera resultaten.

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    Bachelor thesis . 2020
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    Authors: Blythe, Mark; Andersen, Kristina; Clarke, Rachel; Wright, Peter;

    Much of the academic and commercial work which seeks to innovate around technology has been dismissed as "solutionist" because it solves problems that don't exist or ignores the complexity of personal, political and environmental issues. This paper traces the "solutionism" critique to its origins in city planning and highlights the original concern with imaging and representation in the design process. It is increasingly cheap and easy to create compelling and seductive images of concept designs, which sell solutions and presume problems. We consider a range of strategies, which explicitly reject the search for "solutions". These include design fiction and critical design but also less well-known techniques, which aim for unuseless, questionable and silly designs. We present two examples of "magic machine" workshops where participants are encouraged to reject realistic premises for possible technological interventions and create absurd propositions from lo-fi materials. We argue that such practices may help researchers resist the impulse towards solutionism and suggest that attention to representation during the ideation process is a key strategy for this.

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    https://doi.org/10.1145/285803...
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.1145/285803...
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    Authors: af Klintberg, Tord; Lind, Hans;

    QC 20160229

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    Authors: Nyman, Daniel;

    This thesis focuses mainly on nonlinear dimensionality reduction. A comparison of a number of different extensions of the Isomap-algorithm found in the literature is presented as well as an introduction to the underlying theory. Further, two novel extensions of the algorithm are introduced. Residual variance is used as a means of quantifying performance and optimizing parameters. One of the novel approaches, NNL-Isomap, is applied to financial data sets such as the S&P 500, the results are compared with those from PCA and, when appropriate, well-known academic models. The thesis further introduces a selection of concepts from topological data analysis together with corresponding short explanatory examples as well as applies these concepts to some simple financial examples. Denna uppsats huvudfokus kretsar kring ickelinjär dimensionsreducering. En jämförelse av ett antal olika kända utvidgningar av Isomap-algoritmen ges, samt en introduktion till den bakomliggande teorin. Vidare presenteras två egenutvecklade utvidgningar av algoritmen. För att mäta prestanda samt optimera parametrar används residual variance-metoden. En av de egenutvecklade utvidgningarna, NNL-Isomap, appliceras på finansiella dataset såsom från S&P 500, och dess resultat jämförs med både det av PCA samt välkända akademiska modeller. Ett urval av begrepp härstammandes från topologisk dataanalys introduceras tillsammans med ett par korta exempel, dessa begrepp appliceras sedan på enklare finansiella exempel.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2019
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      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2019
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    Authors: Radu, Alexandru;

    Crew costs are the second highest costs for airlines therefore they represent a key factor for an airline survival and crew scheduling is one of the hardest combinatorial problem. The scheduling process is broken down into crew pairing and crew rostering and, in this thesis, a robust solution is described in detail for the former one. The purpose of the thesis is to present an efficient and robust crew pairing optimization tool which minimizes the pairings costs and reduces unnecessary overcovers. The model framework is based on a new concept which involves four stages. During the first stage all roundtrip combinations are generated then in the second stage the roundtrips generated are optimized and the optimal solution is used in the third stage to generate all pairing combinations. And the last one, the fourth stage, optimizes the pairings obtained from the third stage. An augmented set covering problem is used to for the problem formulation where the unknown variables can take just integer values. A mixed integer programming solver from Google OR has been used to solve the optimization problem. In the last chapter numerical results are presented which show the efficiency of using this model framework. Besättningskostnader är den näst största kostnadsposten för ett flygbolag. De spelar därmed en nyckelroll i ett flygbolags överlevnad. Schemaläggning för besättning är ett mycket svårt kombinatoriskt problem. Schemaläggningsprocessen är indelad i två delmoment: crew pairing och crew rostering. I detta arbete presenteras en robust lösning på det tidigare problemet. Syftet med rapporten är att presentera ett effektivt och robust optimeringsvektyg för att minimera kostnaderna för pairingar och minska ickenödvändig övertäckning. Ramverket för modellen är baserat på ett nytt koncept vilket involverar fyra steg. I första steget skapas pairingar som rundresor, dvs. de slutar så snart en flight i pairingen når flygplatsen som pairingen började på. I det andra steget löses ett optimeringsproblem för attt hitta den optimala kombinationen av dessa rundresor, därefter genereras pairingar på nytt i det tredje steget. I detta steg genereras pairingar baserade på lösningen i det förra steget. Slutligen i det fjärde steget erhålles en optimal lösning baserat på en optimeringsmodell som använder sig av pairingar från det tredje steget, Optimeringsproblemet är formulerat som ett utvidgat övertäckningsproblem där variablerna enbart kan anta heltalsvärden, och en heltalslösare från Google OR tools används för att lösa detta problem. I det sista kapitlet presenteras numeriska resultat från modellen.

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    Publikationer från KTH
    Bachelor thesis . 2018
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Publikationer från K...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Publikationer från KTH
      Bachelor thesis . 2018
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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