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Aim: The interdependencies between trophic interactions, environmental factors and anthropogenic forcing determine how species distributions change over time. Large changes in species distributions have occurred as a result of climate change. The objective of this study was to analyse how the spatial distribution of cod and flounder have changed in the Baltic Sea during the past four decades characterized by large hydrological changes. Location: Baltic Sea Taxon: Cod (Gadus morhua) and flounder (Platichthys flesus) Methods: Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) data for adult and juvenile cod and for adult flounder were modelled using Delta-Generalized additive models including environmental and geographical variables between 1979 and 2016. From the annual CPUE predictions for each species, yearly distribution maps and depth distribution curves were obtained. Mean depth and the depth range were estimated to provide an indication on preferred depth and habitat occupancy. Results: Adult and juvenile cod showed a contraction in their distribution in the southern areas of the Baltic Sea. Flounder, instead, showed an expansion in its distribution with an increase in abundance in the northern areas. The depth distributions showed a progressive shift of the mean depth of occurrence towards shallower waters for adult cod and flounder and towards deeper waters for juvenile cod, as well as a contraction of the species depth ranges, evident mainly from the late 1980s. Main conclusions: Our study illustrates large changes in the spatial distribution of cod and flounder in the Baltic Sea. The changes in depth distribution occurred from the late 1980s are probably due to a combination of expanded areas of hypoxia in deep waters and an increase in predation risk in shallow waters. The net effect of these changes is an increased spatial overlap between life stages and species, which may amplify cod cannibalism and the interaction strength between cod and flounder. Data_cod_flounderAdult cod, juvenile cod and flounder CPUE data (in grams). The datasets contain also the associated bottom temperature, salinity and oxygen concentration of each haul as well as the latitude and longitude in decimal degrees.

Lepidopteran larvae were collected six times in 2017 and 2018 (April, June and September in each year). We collected all caterpillars by beating individual trees and knocking down resident insects. Lepidopteran caterpillars are much more restricted in their mobility than adult and flying insects and have a high probability of being collected from the trees they actually feed on (see also Wardhaugh et al., 2012). We beat the trees with a padded stick over a white sheet (1.5 m × 1.5 m) and collected all caterpillars knocked down from the trees (Schuldt et al., 2014). We sampled all trees in the first rows of each plot for a total 80 living trees in each plot. We used DNA-barcoding to identify herbivore-host plant associations along declining levels of tree diversity in a large-scale, subtropical biodiversity experiment. We tested for effects of tree species richness, host functional and phylogenetic diversity, and host functional (leaf trait) and phylogenetic composition and composition, and leaf trait composition on taxonomic species, phylogenetic, and network composition of herbivore communities. Our data from six sampling periods represent 6821 mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of lepidopteran larvae, clustered into 447 molecular operational taxonomic units. The dataset contains COI barcodes of Lepidoptera caterpillars collected from a subtropical forest in Jiangxi, China.

Aim Temporal dynamics of biodiversity along tropical elevational gradients are unknown. We studied seasonal changes of Lepidoptera biodiversity along the only complete forest elevational gradient in the Afrotropics. We focused on shifts of species richness patterns, seasonal turnover of communities, and seasonal shifts of species’ elevational ranges, the latter often serving as an indicator of the global change effects on mountain ecosystems. Location Mount Cameroon, Cameroon. Taxon Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) Methods We quantitatively sampled nine groups of Lepidoptera by bait-trapping (16,800 trap-days) and light-catching (126 nights) at seven elevations evenly distributed along the elevational gradient from sea level (30 m asl) to timberline (2,200 m asl). Sampling was repeated in three seasons. Result Altogether, 42,936 specimens of 1,099 species were recorded. A mid-elevation peak of species richness was detected for all groups but Eupterotidae. This peak shifted seasonally for five groups, most of them ascending during the dry season. Seasonal shifts of species’ elevational ranges were mostly responsible for these diversity pattern shifts along elevation: we found general upward shifts in fruit-feeding butterflies, fruit-feeding moths and Lymantriinae from beginning to end of the dry season. Contrarily, Arctiinae shifted upwards during the wet season. The average seasonal shifts of elevational ranges often exceeded 100 metres and were even several times higher for numerous species. Main conclusion We report seasonal uphill and downhill shifts of several lepidopteran groups. The reported shifts can be driven by both delay in weather seasonality and shifts in resource availability, causing phenological delay of adult hatching and/or adult migrations. Such shifts may lead to misinterpretations of diversity patterns along elevation if seasonality is ignored. More importantly, considering the surprising extent of seasonal elevational shifts of species, we encourage taking account of such natural temporal dynamics while investigating the global climate change impact on communities of Lepidoptera in tropical mountains. The dataset was collected by two methodologies: 1/ bait-trapping and 2/ manual catching of target group at light. See Maicher et al. (2019) for details.

Here, we explore the mating pattern and genetic structure of a tropical tree species, Cariniana estrellensis, in a small population in which progeny arrays (n=399), all adults (n=28) and all seedlings (n=39) were genotyped at nine highly informative microsatellite loci. From progeny arrays we were able to identify the source tree for at least 78% of pollination events. The gene immigration rates, mainly attributable to pollen, were high, varying from 23.5 to 53%. Although gene dispersal over long distance was observed, the effective gene dispersal distances within the small population were relatively short, with mean pollination distances varying from 69.9 to 146.9 m, and seed dispersal distances occurring up to a mean of 119.6 m. Mating system analyses showed that C. estrellensis is an allogamous species (tm=0.999), with both biparental inbreeding (tm−ts=−0.016) and selfing rates (s=0.001) that are not significantly different from zero. Even though the population is small, the presence of private alleles in both seedlings and progeny arrays and the elevated rates of gene immigration indicate that the C. estrellensis population is not genetically isolated. However, genetic diversity expressed by allelic richness was significantly lower in postfragmentation life stages. Although there was a loss of genetic diversity, indicating susceptibility of C. estrellensis to habitat fragmentation, no evidence of inbreeding or spatial genetic structure was observed across generations. Overall, C. estrellensis showed some resilience to negative genetic effects of habitat fragmentation, but conservation strategies are needed to preserve the remaining genetic diversity of this population. SSR genotypes for adults, seedlings and progeny arrays of Cariniana estrellensisGenotypes of Cariniana estrellensis (Lecythidaceae) individuals (adults, seedlings and progeny arrays) based on nine microsatellite loci.SSR_genotypes.xlsx

This dataset contains raw data collected in an experimental study at the University of Muenster, Germany. The study is part of a larger research project and examined trust effects on “intentional forgetting” in a simulated sales planning scenario. Intentional forgetting was operationalized via computer-based decision support system that enabled users to forget decision-relevant background information. Based on initial findings demonstrating that trust in the system increased intentional forgetting (Hertel et al., 2019, doi: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1574361; Hertel et al., 2018, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1237684), we aimed to replicate this effect. Moreover, we assumed that trust in the system increases the related release of memory resources for additional tasks, decision quality, decision makers' well-being, and actual use of the system. We induced different levels of trust in the system by manipulating the reliability of the system and the credibility of information provided by the system. Moreover, we manipulated the framing (gains vs. losses) of decision outcomes as potential moderator. This research has been funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft): BE 1422/21-1 | HE 2745/16-1

CzIPMR code to estimate the recovery time for Cystoseira zosteroides populations after a major disturbance at different temperature scenarios treatments. In addition, stochastic population growth rate (λs) and quasi-extinction probability at increasing frequency of two major disturbances at increasing temperature scenarios. These analyses correspond to the figures 4 and 5 of Capdevila et al. 2018 JEcol.MixedEffectsparamsParameter values needed for the Integral Projection Models used to model the life cycle and population dynamics of Cystoseira zosteroides. This includes seven demographic processes: 1.survival (σ), 2.growth (γ), 3.fertility (φ), 4.recruits per capita (δ(N)), 5.probability of settlement of recruits (ε), 6.early survival of recruits (σs) and 7.recruits size probability distribution.IPMFunctionsFunctions required to run the CzIPM.R script. This script contains the description of the growth, survival and fecundity functions used to build the IPMs.1. The best-fitted model for survival (σ) was a logistic mixed effect model including size as fixed factors and population nested in years as a random factor. 2. For growth (γ), the best-fitted model was a linear mixed effect model, with size as fixed factor and population nested in year as random factor. 3. Fertility (φ(z)), was estimated as the relation between reproductive status (reproductive vs. non-reproductive) and size with a binomial regression. 4. Recruitment per capita (δ(N)) is density-dependent in C. zosteroides (Capdevila et al., 2015), so a generalized linear model with Poisson error distribution and a log-link function was fitted, correlating the recruit:adult ratio as a function of the adult density. 5. To model the effect of temperature on the probability of settlement (ε) we used a generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), with a Poisson error distribution and a logit link function, the independent variable was the number of zygotes, temperature was treated as a fixed variable and we used the ID of each quadrat of the Petri dishes as a random variable. 6. To model the effect of temperature and time (fixed factors) on germling survival (σs), we used a GLMM with a binomial error distribution and a logit link function, with the ID of each quadrat of each Petri dish as a random variable to deal with the lack of independence between observations repeated at different times and a binomial error distribution was assumed to deal with the binary response variable (survive vs. die). 7. The size distribution of recruits was estimated as a normal probability function. In addition, the function required to project the density-dependent and stochastic IPMs is provided.modsumDensity-dependent function, relating the number of Cystoseira zosteroides recruits with the number of adults. It is a generalized linear model (GLM) with Poisson error distribution and a log-link function, correlating the recruit:adult ratio with the adult density. This file is needed to run the code CzIPM.R.settData on the impacts of temperature (16ºC, 20ºC and 24ºC) on the settlement of Cystoseira zosteroides early stages. This file is needed to perform the projections in CzIPM.R code.survrecData on the impacts of the temperature treatments (16ºC, 20ºC and 24ºC) to early survival of Cystoseira zosteroides. This file is required to run the code CzIPM.R. 1. Understanding the combined effects of global and local stressors is crucial for conservation and management, yet challenging due to the different scales at which these stressors operate. Here we examine the effects of one of the most pervasive threats to marine biodiversity, ocean warming, on the early life stages of the habitat-forming macroalga Cystoseira zosteroides, its long-term consequences for population resilience and its combined effect with physical stressors. 2. First, we performed a controlled laboratory experiment exploring the impacts of warming on early life stages. Settlement and survival of germlings were measured at 16ºC (control), 20ºC and 24ºC and both processes were affected by increased temperatures. Then, we integrated this information into stochastic, density-dependent integral projection models (IPM). 3. Recovery time after a minor disturbance significantly increased in warmer scenarios. The stochastic population growth rate (λs) was not strongly affected by warming alone, as high adult survival compensated for thermal-induced recruitment failure. Nevertheless, warming coupled with recurrent physical disturbances had a strong impact on λs and population viability. 4. Synthesis: The impact of warming effects on early stages may significantly decrease the natural ability of habitat-forming algae to rebound after major disturbances. These findings highlight that, in a global warming context, populations of deep-water macroalgae will become more vulnerable to further disturbances, and stress the need to incorporate abiotic interactions into demographic models.

1. Woody encroachment into grassy biomes is a global phenomenon, often resulting in a nearly complete turnover of species, with savanna specialists being replaced by forest-adapted species. Understanding the mechanisms involved in this change is important for devising strategies for managing savannas. 2. We examined how isolated trees favor woody encroachment and species turnover by overcoming dispersal limitation and environmental filtering. In a savanna released from fire in southeastern Brazil (Cerrado) we sampled woody plants establishing under 40 tree canopies and in paired treeless plots. These trees comprised eight species selected for habitat preference (savanna or forest) and dispersal syndrome (bird-dispersed or not). We recorded dimensions of each tree, dispersal syndrome and habitat preference of recruits, and quantified the physical environment within each plot, aiming at a mechanistic understanding of woody encroachment. 3. We found clear evidence that isolated trees cause nucleation and drive changes in functional composition of savanna. Effectiveness as nucleator differed among species, but was unrelated to their functional guilds (habitat preference or dispersal syndrome). Density of saplings in nuclei was partially explained by soil moisture (+), daily temperature amplitude (-), and sum of bases (-). 4. Our results indicate that isolated trees act first as perches, strongly favoring bird-dispersed species. They then act as nurse trees, considerably changing the environment in favor of forest-adapted recruits. In the long term, as the nuclei expand and merge, savanna specialists tend to disappear and the savanna turns into a low-diversity forest. 5. Synthesis and applications: Fire suppression has allowed the nucleation process and consequently the woody encroachment and fast replacement of savanna specialists by forest species in the Cerrado. By elucidating the mechanisms behind woody encroachment, we recommend using prescribed fires to burn forest seedlings and to reduce tree canopy size wherever the management goal is to maintain the typical savanna structure and composition. Please see Methods in the article published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.

Experimental calcification results from crustose coralline algae experiment involving multiple temperatures and pCO2 levels. Clathromorphum compactum and C. nereostratum were used for this experiment.

Webis Clickbait Spoiling Corpus 2022 The Webis Clickbait Spoiling Corpus 2022 (Webis-Clickbait-22) contains 5,000 spoiled clickbait posts crawled from Facebook, Reddit, and Twitter. This corpus supports the task of clickbait spoiling, which deals with generating a short text that satisfies the curiosity induced by a clickbait post. This dataset contains the clickbait posts and manually cleaned versions of the linked documents, and extracted spoilers for each clickbait post. Additionally, the spoilers are categorized into three types: short phrase spoilers, longer passage spoilers, and multiple non-consecutive pieces of text. This dataset contains the clickbait posts and manually cleaned versions of the linked documents, and extracted spoilers for each clickbait post. Additionally, the spoilers are categorized into three types: short phrase spoilers, longer passage spoilers, and multiple non-consecutive pieces of text. The test set of this dataset was used for the SemEval-2023 clickbait spoiling task. You can re-execute and adopt the software submissions made through for this SemEval task, please see the instructions and overview of approaches in TIRA. Overview The dataset comes with predefined train/validation/test splits: training.jsonl: 3,200 posts for training validation.jsonl: 800 posts for validation test.jsonl: 1,000 posts for testing The test set was used for the SemEval-2023 clickbait spoiling task. This shared task was organized with TIRA.io and participants submitted Docker software during the task. Please see the instructions in TIRA to re-execute or modify the approaches.