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It has been submitted that, for the very large number of different traditional type formulae to determine price indices associated with a pair of periods, which are joined with the longstanding question of which one to choose, they should all be abandoned. For the method proposed instead, price levels associated with periods are first all computed together, subject to a consistency of the data, and then price indices that are true taken together are determined from their ratios. An approximation method can apply in the case of inconsistency. Here are illustrations of the method.

Východiska a účely: Cílem příspěvku je představit již aplikova-né metodické koncepty a aktuální výsledky predikce budoucích počtů pojištěnců VZP ČR (podle věku a pohlaví), které by měly být východiskem úvah o budoucí solventnosti a profitabilitě největší zdravotní pojišťovny v ČR i v České republice jako celku.Materiál a metody: V rámci nám dostupných datových zdrojů jsme analyzovali časové řady počtů pojištěnců VZP za roky 2002-2017 v každém kvartální období a datové zdroje možných vysvětlujících proměnných. Vzhledem k majoritním podílům VZP na trhu zdravotního pojištění v ČR (ve většině věkových skupin vyšším než 50%) byly do předpovědních mo-delů zavzaty časové řady počtů obyvatel ČR z demografických projekcí ČSÚ r. 2013. Ty jsme doplnili o extrapolované trendy přeregistrací pojištěnců (odchody a příchody do VZP) v odpo-vídajících věkových strukturách. Budoucí počty pojištěnců byly modelovány s využitím extrapolačních postupů běžných při aplikaci metodiky odvozených demografických projekcí v kom-binaci s adaptivními aditivními regresními modely.Výsledky: V rámci jednotlivých věkových skupin se význam-ně uplatňují obě použité exogenní proměnné, tzn. “strategická” demografická i “operativní” (aktuálně mírně rostoucí) přeregist-rační složka. Takto koncipovanou predikci můžeme považovat za poměrně spolehlivou pro období nejbližších 2-3 let; pro del-ší horizonty se můžeme opírat v podstatě jen o sofistikovanou demografickou složku. Variantní budoucí vývoj přeregistrační složky lze však efektivně modelovat prostřednictvím modelo-vých scénářů v rámci uživatelské excelovské aplikace vytvořené až na regionální úroveň krajů ČR.Závěry: Aktuálně se VZP nachází v období, kdy lze budoucí vývoj predikovat spíše s větším množství nejistoty; je tedy třeba počítat i s tím, že by se výsledky dosažené stávající nebo mírně modifikovanou metodikou měly průběžně aktualizovat po uzá-věrkách stavů pojištěnců za každé čtvrtletí nebo pololetí.

This paper focuses on negative indefinites in Portuguese, paying particular attention to nemigalha, a negative indefinite that disappeared from the language around the 16th century. We claim that nemigalha originates from the reanalysis of the negative particle nem and the minimizer migalha in an early stage of the language, starting as a weak negative polarity item and then becoming a strong negative polarity item, in the sense of Martins (1997, 2000). It is well known that minimizers can grammaticalize into intrinsically negative items, being good candidates to undergo the Jespersen Cycle (Jespersen 1917). Although that was not the case of nemigalha, it completed all the grammaticalization stages proposed by Garzonio & Poletto (2008, 2009), losing all the properties of a common noun and being able to stand alone as the only negative marker in preverbal position. The comparison between nemigalha and the negative indefinite nada shows that both items exhibited similar behaviour and occurred in identical contexts, probably acting as competing items until nemigalha’s disappearance. Furthermore, a few examples from the 16th century suggest that nemigalha might have become a more functional item, participating as a negation marker in presuppositional contexts (cf. Larrivée 2010 and Hansen 2013).

In her article, "Media in a Capitalist Culture," Barbara Trent looks at the negative effects that capitalism has on the media and how those effects may be overcome. Trent intertwines personal experience with socio-historical context to give the reader a genuine feel for political filmmaking in a Hollywood dominated world. She describes how her Academy Award winning film The Panama Deception was removed from a Cineplex, even after out-grossing all of the other films there, because Warner Brothers wanted the screen. After an examination of the impact a dominant Hollywood has on local culture around the world, Trent offers three case studies based on three of her documentaries, Destination Nicaragua, Coverup: Behind the Iran Contra Affair, and The Panama Deception as a prescription, or a road map, for negotiating the pitfalls of capitalist culture. Her personal experience as an Academy Award winning director who has faced enormous difficulty working outside major media circuits offers a unique perspective on how the mass media resists alternative views of society. Barbara Trent, "Media in a Capitalist Culture" page 2 of 10 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 9.1 (2007): Thematic Issue, Representing Humanity in an Age of Terror. Ed. Sophia A. McClennen and Henry James Morello

This study deals with a review of the problematic approach in selecting Language Learning Strategies (LLS) due to the misleading the characteristics of English. Along with the purpose, this paper seeks to compare the differences between cultural and linguistic backgrounds of Indonesian EFL with Malaysian, Pakistani, and Italian ESL students’ Language Learning Strategy. In addition, this review also aims to know the Language Learning Strategy used by other ESL countries and to become the main purchase of this study to evaluate Indonesian’ Language Learning Strategy. In Indonesia, English becomes a foreign language where it is not an official language and has limited language input. Whereas, as we already know, English is a common subject learning for most people in Indonesia. This is due to the high interest and need for mastering English in various aspects. In learning English as a target language, people not only need to master their knowledge, but also the need for better and useful communicative competence in use. However, the need to come up with some appropriate teaching strategies becomes an important factor to achieve their goals.

Biology today faces a combined theory and data crisis; in many areas it lacks overarching concepts and theories, while at the same time it is confronted with a flood of data that stretches our abilities tomanage them to their limits. The subject's main challenge accordingly lies in the synthesis of results from its diverse and specialized branches. This entails a renewed emphasis on conceptual analysis and theoretical questions, which has raised considerable interest in its history. ; © Springer-Verlag 2008. Published online: 16 October 2008.

The data from two dichotic studies, both of which evaluated spontaneously generated response strategies under free recall and one of which also manipulated retrieval strategy by instruction, supported a conception that what dichotic procedures mostly measure are response strategies—mobile and readily deployed without loss of mnemonic capability. Consequently, competitional methods which are heavily influenced by output factors appear to be unreliable as a means of evaluating input processing dominance.