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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Silenzi, S.; Antonioli, F.;

    This paper summarizes the major contributions to understanding the sea-level oscillations during the last climatic hemicycle. More than seventy fundamental publications are reviewed bearing on the dynamics of eustatic processes and on the tectonic and isostatic behaviour of coastal sectors. The critical analysis of methodologies and results yielded by different reserchers has allowed to propose a new correlation scheme for sea-level data in different parts of the world. The improvement in datation techniques and the theoretical modelling of both glacio-eustatic variations and isostatic rebounds of coastal sectors to deglaciation, have been pivotal in sea-level researches during the 70 and '80. During the last decade, the refinement of radiodating techniques has prompted the correlation of sea-level data from different parts of the world. The available data set has grown from coral reefs and morpho-depositional units such as marine terraces and transitional coastal deposits, to include oxygen-isotopic analysis of deep-sea muds, their relationships with changes of ice volumes, datation of submerged speleothems and marin biogenic overgrowths. Comparative analysis of data on relative sea-level changes in different coastal sectors has pointed out the need for evaluating the tectonic and isostatic behaviour of the investigated coastal sectors. Based on the results of our research and the review of existing literature, a new reference marker is proposed in order to allow data correlation from different coastal sectors on the ground of their tectonic and isostatic stability. Such marker is represented by the eustatic sea level related to the substage 5e. The "relative eustatic variation" during the late Pleistocene-Holocene is here defined as the sea-level change caused by water volume variation induced by climatic variation relative to the present-day sea level. Such change is deduced from geological-geomorphological indicators such as terraces and notches found in coastal areas which are proved to be stable since the "Eutyrrhenian". The rate of vertical uplift for these areas must be below 0.016 m/ka, equal to about 2 m in the last 125 ka. The difficulty in constructing previsionai eustatic models is finally discussed in the light of the complexity of the process itself and of the concurrence of anthropic activity. This problem can be only alleviated by the availability of a greater number of data from tectonicvally stable area.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 1998
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 1998
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 1998
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 1998
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 1998
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 1998
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Puiu, A.; Spizzichino, V.; Lazic, V.; Fiorani, L.; +5 Authors

    Il Laboratorio Diagnostiche e Metrologia (DIM) del Dipartimento FSN-TECFIS dell’ENEA ha, tra i suoi obiettivi, lo sviluppo di strumentazioni spettroscopiche per la diagnostica precoce e non distruttiva nonché la sua applicazione in numerosi campi quali agroalimentare, sicurezza ed ambiente. Nell’ambito della Infrastruttura Europea sul Food (METROFOOD) coordinata da ENEA BIOAG del Dipartimento SSPT l’utilizzo delle metodologie sviluppate possono contribuire ad una diagnostica sinergica in quanto si affianca al portfolio di strumentazione già prevista nel progetto. Le misure sono state eseguite su campioni di riso e tessuto di ostrica forniti dal progetto ma che possono essere sviluppate per applicazioni industriali I risultati ottenuti incoraggiano e confermano l’utilizzo delle tecniche spettroscopiche utilizzate, in quanto si sono dimostrate versatili ed utili per la diagnostica e la caratterizzazione non distruttiva dei prodotti studiati. Si propone anche lo sviluppo di strumenti dedicati al controllo della filiera agro-alimentare, in funzione della necessità e della matrice da analizzare. The development of innovative instruments for early and non-destructive detection in agro-food field is one of the objectives for Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory (DIM) of the FSN TECFIS Department of ENEA. In the framework of the European Infrastructure for promoting METROlogy in FOOD and nutrition (METROFOOD) lead by ENEA BIOAG -SSPT Department, the physics technologies can be useful tools, together with the portfolio instrumentation already available in the project, for a more comprehensive monitoring of food quality. The results obtained on Rice and Oyster, provided by the project, encourage and confirm the advantageous use of that technologies, for their adaptability and, mainly, for their peculiarities of early and non- destructive detection. The development of specific tools for the quality control in the agro-food chain is also proposed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2019
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 2019
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mezi, Luca; Flora, Francesco; Bollanti, Sarah; Murra, Daniele; +1 Authors

    Presentiamo le tematiche scientifiche e tecnologiche affrontate durante l’irraggiamento di film poliimmide nano-ibridi con una dose di radiazione ultravioletta (uv) pari a 3.000 ore equivalenti di irraggiamento solare fuori dall’atmosfera terrestre, nell’ambito di un test per selezionare il materiale più adatto all’uso come substrato dei second surface mirrors nei telescopi spaziali. in particolare, discutiamo i dettagli relativi al calcolo della dose uv solare, alla taratura dei rivelatori, alla distribuzione spaziale dell’emissione uv della sorgente, all’effetto di ‘guida d’onda’ della camera da vuoto, alla dissipazione del calore in aria, in vuoto e in atmosfera controllata, al controllo remoto continuo (24 ore al giorno) sia della temperatura dei campioni, sia della radiazione della lampada. In the frame of a Project aiming at selecting substrates for second surface mirrors of space-telescopes, we present the scientific and technological issues addressed during irradiations of nano-hybrid polyimide films deposited on quartz with a ultraviolet (UV) dose of 3,000 space-equivalent Sun hours. In particular, we detail the calculation of the UV dose delivered by Sun, the calibration of the detectors, the spatial distribution of the UV radiation on samples, the remote control 24/24, 7/7 of both samples’ temperature and lamp radiation, the 'equivalent waveguide' effect of the vacuum chamber, the heat dissipation in air, in vacuum and in a helium atmosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 2017
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Murra, D.; Aquilini, M.; Bollanti, S.; Di Lazzaro, P.; +4 Authors

    Le lunghezze d’onda comprese tra 200 e 280 nanometri, intervallo spettrale denominato UV-C, sono particolarmente adatte a debellare batteri e virus in quanto tale radiazione spezza i legami proteici e può danneggiare in modo irreversibile le catene del DNA/RNA. Sino a poco tempo fa, le sorgenti UV-C disponibili in commercio erano lampade a gas, basate tipicamente su deuterio, xenon, vapori di mercurio, o eccimeri. Queste lampade funzionano a tensioni piuttosto elevate, sono fragili e hanno tempi di accensione di diversi minuti prima di arrivare a regime ed emettere la potenza nominale. La disponibilità di LED (Light Emitting Diodes, dispositivi a stato solido) che emettono radiazione nell’intervallo dell’UV-C consente oggi di realizzare una “lampada”, basata su una matrice di tali sorgenti, che utilizza un alimentatore a bassa tensione, può essere disegnata in configurazioni geometriche adattabili ad ogni esigenza, si accende istantaneamente ed è meccanicamente molto robusta. In questo Rapporto Tecnico sono illustrati il progetto, la realizzazione e la caratterizzazione di una lampada a LED UV-C e del relativo alimentatore. È inoltre brevemente descritto un esperimento, a scopo fitosanitario, in cui tale lampada è stata utilizzata. Optical radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 280 nanometers, in the UV-C range, is particularly suitable for eradicating bacteria and viruses, as this radiation breaks protein bonds and can irreversibly damage DNA/RNA chains. Until recently, the commercial UV-C sources were gas lamps, typically based on deuterium, xenon, mercury vapor, or excimers. All of these lamps operate at quite high voltages, are fragile and require several minutes of warming up before working at full power. The availability of solid-state LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) that emit radiation in the UV-C range allows a “lamp” to be made by assembling an array of such light sources, which uses a low-voltage power supply, can be designed in geometric configurations adaptable to any need, turns on/off instantly and is robust. This Technical Report illustrates the work done at ENEA Frascati on the design and assembly of a UVC LED lamp and of its power supply, its characterization and application to a phytosanitary experiment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tuccillo, A.; Nguyen, F.; Dattoli, G.;

    LHC confirmed many theoretical predictions, dating back to the second half of the 20th century. In addition to confirming the most striking one, namely proving the existence of the Brout-Englert-Higgs (BEH) boson, others – even though with minor emphasis from the media, because accurately appreciated only by experts – have been completing a theoretical framework, consolidated since the ’70 and ’80 years. In particular, the existence of baryons made up of 2 heavy quarks has been confirmed by the analysis of experimental data and discussion about producing baryons with a possible even larger mass has just started. The production mechanism is characterized by a process that implies the “fusion” of two baryons with only one heavy quark, the formation of an exotic state with six quarks, then the associated decay into a nucleon plus a baryon with two heavy quarks and a significant energy release, due to the mass difference between initial particles and those produced from the decay. Since some speculations raised on exploiting such a new source of energy, we will discuss whether there are conditions to effectively guarantee such a use. LHC ha confermato molte previsioni teoriche, che datavano alla seconda metà del 900. A parte la più eclatante, ovvero la prova dell’esistenza del bosone BEH (Brout-Englert-Higgs), altre, se pure con minore enfasi mediatica perché note solo agli addetti ai lavori, stanno completando un quadro teorico che si era consolidato tra gli anni 70 e 80. In particolare l’esistenza di barioni costituiti da 2 quark pesanti, sono stati confermati dall’analisi dei dati sperimentali e si è cominciato a discutere della possibile produzione di barioni di massa ancora maggiore. Il meccanismo di produzione è caratterizzato da un processo che implica la “fusione” di due barioni con un solo quark pesante, la formazione di uno stato esotico a sei quark, il relativo decadimento in un nucleone, un barione contenente due quark pesanti e un significativo rilascio di energia, dovuto alla differenza di massa tra le particelle iniziali e quelle di decadimento. Poiché si è speculato su un possibile uso di tale“nuova fonte” di energia, discuteremo se esistano le condizioni che ne garantiscano un effettivo utilizzo.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2018
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 2018
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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    Authors: Di Pietra, Biagio; Piacentino, Salvatore; Monteleone, Francesco; Bommarito, Carlo; +6 Authors

    Negli ultimi 30 anni misure di spessore ottico dell’aerosol sono divenute sempre più comuni, sia grazie alla presenza di reti internazionali di fotometri solari (e.g. AERONET, SkyNet, SkyRad, AeroCan) che per le stime ricavate da misure satellitari (e.g MODIS). Queste misure sono comunemente utilizzate sia per ricerche riguardo i cambiamenti climatici, che per tematiche inerenti la qualità dell’aria e l’efficienza dei sistemi ad energia solare. Per ottenere stime accurate dello spessore ottico dell’aerosol da fotometri solari è indispensabile utilizzare procedure di calibrazione oggettive e ripetibili. Il metodo più diffuso per la calibrazione in campo dei fotometri solari viene chiamato Langley plot. Questo rapporto tecnico descrive l’implementazione di un algoritmo oggettivo che applichi questo metodo a lunghe serie temporali, in maniera completamente automatica. L’algoritmo è stato applicato alle misure acquisite tra il 2013 ed il 2017 dal fotometro solare SP02 prodotto dalla ditta Middelton, installato sul tetto della Stazione di Osservazione Climatiche ENEA di Lampedusa (http://www.lampedusa. enea.it). I risultati sono discussi mediante il confronto con i valori di spessore ottico ricavati da un radiometro di riferimento installato presso l’Osservatorio, anche tenendo conto dell’impatto che i fenomeni di deposizione possono avere sulle misure del SP02. L’algoritmo ha dato prova di funzionare correttamente e verrà applicato ad altri siti di misura caratterizzati da diverse condizione climatiche dove operano i ricercatori del Laboratorio di Osservazione e Analisi della Terra e del Clima, tra cui l’Osservatorio Atmosferico Artico di Thule nel nord della Groenlandia (http://www.thuleatmos-it.it/). During the last 30 years measurements of aerosol optical depth have become widely diffuse due to the presence of international measurement networks (e.g., AERONET, SkyNet, SkyRad, AeroCan) and to the available determinations by satellite sensors (e.g MODIS). Nowadays these measurements are commonly used for studies on climate change, air quality, and solar energy production. The use of objective and repeatable procedures is mandatory to be able to accurately estimate the aerosol optical depth by sun photometer. The most common method applied for the in situ sun photometers’ calibration is named Langley plot. This technical report describes the implementation of a fully automatic objective algorithm that applies this method to long time series. The algorithm has been applied to measurements carried out between 2013 and 2017 at the ENEA Station for Climate Observations on the island of Lampedusa by a SP02 Middelton sun photometer (http://www.lampedusa.enea.it). The discussion of the results is carried out comparing the retrieved aerosol optical depth with that estimated by a reference shadowband radiometer installed at the Observatory. The analysis also takes into account the influence produced by particles’ deposition on SP02 measurements. The algorithm has been tested and works properly in the difficult environmental conditions occurring at Lampedusa. The method will be applied to other operational sites in different climatic regimes run by the Laboratory Observation and Analyses of Earth and Climate, such as the Thule High Artic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO, http://www.thuleatmos-it.it/) in north-western Greenland.

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    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2018
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      Other ORP type . 2018
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    Authors: Vitali, L.; Righini, G.; Piersanti, A.; Ciucci, A.; +3 Authors

    La rappresentatività spaziale e temporale dei siti di monitoraggio delle concentrazioni di inquinanti in atmosfera è un parametro fondamentale nella scelta della dislocazione delle stazioni di misura e nelle valutazioni di esposizione della popolazione ai livelli di concentrazione misurati. In letteratura, la rappresentatività spaziale di un sito è definita in generale in relazione alla variabilità dei livelli di concentrazione nell’intorno del sito stesso. Poiché la distribuzione spaziale della concentrazione in atmosfera di inquinanti primari è fortemente correlata alla distribuzione delle corrispondenti emissioni, in questo studio è stata definita una metodologia per l’analisi della rappresentatività spaziale delle stazioni di monitoraggio stimando la variabilità spaziale delle emissioni in riferimento al sito considerato. È stata svolta un’analisi dei gradienti orizzontali delle emissioni di alcuni inquinanti primari (frazione primaria di PM10 e PM2.5, IPA, arsenico, cadmio, nichel e frazione primaria del mercurio): minore risulta la variabilità emissiva, maggiore è l’area di rappresentatività della stazione di misura per l’inquinante valutato. La metodologia è stata applicata per lo studio della rappresentatività spaziale dei siti delle Reti Speciali di misura della qualità dell’aria (D.Lgs. 155/2010, art. 6 e 8), usando il modello nazionale MINNI, che copre tutto il territorio nazionale con dati emissivi spazializzati su un grigliato regolare di 4 km di risoluzione. La metodologia originale sviluppata comprende una fase iniziale preparatoria con aggregazione spaziale, temporale, chimica e granulometrica dei campi 3D di emissioni utilizzati dal Sistema Modellistico Atmosferico. In seguito, il calcolo della variabilità emissiva è svolto in ambiente GIS, con l’applicazione di funzioni statistiche di prossimità sugli strati raster delle emissioni, utilizzando un filtro mobile. Lo studio è stato effettuato per l’anno di riferimento 2005 con analisi di sensitività rispetto all’inventario emissivo utilizzato (ISPRA, GAINS-Italia) e all’intervallo temporale di riferimento (anno, estate, inverno). Le stazioni analizzate ricadono nei domini macroregionali del Nord e Centro Italia e sono classificate come fondo urbano e fondo rurale. Il metodo ha mostrato potenzialità interessanti per l’individuazione rapida di aree a maggiore variabilità emissiva, utile per la progettazione di nuove reti di monitoraggio e per una stima quantitativa approssimata della rappresentatività di stazioni esistenti. I limiti principali derivano dalla risoluzione del dataset di input e dalla possibile applicazione ai soli inquinanti primari. Spatial and temporal representativeness of air quality monitoring sites is a critical parameter when choosing location of sites and assessing effects on population to long term exposure to air pollution. According to literature, the spatial representativeness of a monitoring site is related to the variability of pollutants concentrations around the site. As the spatial distribution of primary pollutants concentration is strongly correlated to the allocation of corresponding emissions, in this work a methodology is presented to assess spatial representativeness of monitoring sites by analysing the spatial variation of emissions around a site. An analysis of horizontal gradients of several pollutants emissions was carried out: the rationale is that, if the variability of emissions around a site is low, the spatial representativeness of this site is high consequently. The methodology was applied to detect spatial representativeness of official Italian National Network of Special Purpose Monitoring Stations (according to the law D.Lgs. 155/2010, art. 6 and 8). Products of the national air quality model MINNI, covering entire Italian territory with emission data of 4 km spatial resolution, were processed. The methodology comprises an initial phase for treatment of 3D fields derived from the Atmospheric Modelling System. A second phase involves calculation and analysis of emission variability in GIS environment using a neighbourhood statistical function. The reference year 2005 was considered, with sensitivity analysis concerning the emission inventory (ISPRA, GAINS-Italy) and the temporal interval (whole year, summer and winter seasons). Sites under consideration are located in Northern and Central Italian domains and are classified as urban background or rural background. The methodology has shown significant capability for quick detection of areas with highest emission variability. This approach could be useful to plan new monitoring networks and to approximately estimate spatial representativeness of existing monitoring sites. Major constraints arise from resolution of model input data and applicability to primary pollutants only.

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    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2013
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      Other ORP type . 2013
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    Authors: Nicolini, Daniele; Giannuzzi, Giuseppe Mauro; Miliozzi, Adio;

    La realizzazione di un qualsivoglia sistema solare a concentrazione, sia esso a torre o lineare parabolico od a disco, per una qualsiasi destinazione d’uso (produzione di energia elettrica, realizzazione di processi chimici, etc.) passa sempre attraverso la progettazione del campo solare e, più in particolare, del sistema di concentrazione. Il presente documento si pone l’obiettivo di fornire delle linee guida utili alla progettazione di un generico concentratore solare sulla base del suo inquadramento tipologico e della individuazione del quadro normativo da applicare nelle verifiche progettuali. L’insieme delle leggi, dei decreti, delle circolari e delle raccomandazioni che disciplinano, in Italia, la progettazione di strutture come quella in esame, permette di affrontare con sufficienti margini di sicurezza, le tematiche invariabilmente poste al progettista strutturale e riguardanti sia la funzionalità del concentratore che l’incolumità delle persone che vi operano. Il presente documento si pone l’obiettivo primario di adattare detta normativa al generico concentratore solare sviluppando quelle parti che sono più specifiche della struttura in oggetto come, ad esempio, i carichi ed in particolare le azioni dovute al vento ed alla neve. Per quanto riguarda i metodi di calcolo da adottare, si rinuncia ad utilizzare il metodo delle tensioni ammissibili ma, proiettandosi nel prossimo futuro, si dà indicazione sul modo di utilizzare il metodo degli Stati Limite. The achievement of any concentrated solar power system, either tower or parabolic-trough or dish, for any use (electrical power production, chemical processes, etc.) goes always trough the design of the solar field and, in particular, of the concentration system. The objective of the present document is to supply the guidelines useful for the design of a generic solar concentrator on the base of its typological classification and of the selection of the norms to apply in the design verification. All the laws, the decrees, the circulars and the recommendations that discipline, in Italy, the design of structures like the one under investigation, allow to face with sufficient safety margins, the thematics invariably placed to the structural designer and regarding both the functionality of the concentrator and the security of the persons who operate on it. The main objective of the present work is to adapt the norm to the generic solar concentrator, developing the parts that are specific for the considered structure like, as an example, the loads and, in particular, the actions due to the wind and the snow. As far as the calculation methods to adopt, the method of the Permissible Stresses is rejected and indication on how to use the method of the Limit States is given.

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    Other ORP type . 2006
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    Authors: Penza, M.; Pfister, V.; Prato, M.; Suriano, D.;

    Scopo di questo documento è la descrizione delle attività che hanno portato alla progettazione e realizzazione di un dispositivo per il rilevamento di inquinanti atmosferici gassosi, polveri sottili, e parametri ambientali, utili a definire il grado di qualità dell’aria in ambienti indoor/outdoor”. Interamente progettato e realizzato all’interno del Laboratorio Test Sensori del Centro Ricerche ENEA di Brindisi, il dispositivo ha come punti di forza la versatilità nel poter essere allestito con sensori di tipologia differente senza alcuna modifica sulla parte hardware del dispositivo, la semplicità di installazione e messa in esercizio, contenuti consumi energetici, alto grado di portatilità, capacità di acquisire autonomamente in locale dati di misura georeferenziati e, al tempo stesso, di trasmetterli in remoto per un pronto utilizzo in tempo reale per il supporto alle decisioni. Il dispositivo è stato replicato in più unità che hanno consentito la messa in campo di una rete di nodi di misura di inquinanti atmosferici, con collocazione su strutture fisse e mezzi mobili, ed ha trovato una pronta e fattiva applicazione in contesto smart cities nell’ambito del Progetto RES-NOVAE a partire da luglio 2015. Aim of this document is to describe the experimental activities and measurements by means of a designed and fabricated multi-parametric sensor-device to monitor air pollution (e.g., gases and particulate matter) including environmental parameters (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, CO2). The sensor-system has been completely designed and implemented in the Sensor Test Lab of the ENEA Research Center in Brindisi. Its main features are: i) capability to be equipped with various types of environmental sensors without any modification of hardware parts, ii) simple installation procedures with standard interface, iii) low power consumption, iv) high portability level, v) capability to get and store locally digital geographic information data and finally vi) to transmit data in real time towards central server. We have fabricated more items of this environmental sensor-system deployed on field to create a sensor network for urban monitoring of air pollutants thanks to Italian National Project RES-NOVAE in smart cities context.

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    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2016
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    Authors: Giraudi, C.;

    The slope waste deposits outcroppig in the studied area of the Fucino Plain consist of 5 formations. Deposits are dated with 14C and thermoluminescence, and through artefacts and pottery remains found in the scree. 1) The 1st Formation, formed during two sedimentation phases at least, is younger than 20,000 years ago and older than the rise of the lake Fucino level, which occurred before the deposition of the 2nd Formation. 2) The 2nd Formation formed during 3 phases, separated by 2 periods of prevailing pedogenesis; the bottom of this formation is a little older than the deposition of a tephra layer, dated to 14,000 years ago; the middle and the top portions include layers having 14C ages of 11,640±70 and 10,730±100 years BP, respectively. The formation is covered by a soil developed during the first half of the Holocene the 2nd Formation is attributed to the Late Glacial period. 3) The 3rd Formation covers a soil containing Neolithic pottery; yherefore it is younger than approx. 5,000 years BP. 4) The 4th Formation contains fragments of reworked pottery dated back to 4,670±430 and 2,783±213 years BP by thermoluminescence, and is older than the artefacts dated a few centuries B.C. 5) The 5th Formation covers or includes Roman Imperial and more recent pottery. The deposition of the waste is linked to phases during which the vegetation cover on the slope was scanty. During pre-Holocene times changes in the vegetation cover are indicative of climatic variations only, while in the second half of the Holocene vegetational changes might be affected both by climatic variations and human impact. During this latter period traces of man are also found on slopes above scree deposits and a reduction of vegetation might be one of the effects. Nevertheless, the chronological correlation between phases of scree accumulation and of decrease in level of lake Fucino suggests that environmental changes were mostly linked to drier climatic periods.

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    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 1995
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 1995
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 1995
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
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      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 1995
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 1995
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 1995
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Silenzi, S.; Antonioli, F.;

    This paper summarizes the major contributions to understanding the sea-level oscillations during the last climatic hemicycle. More than seventy fundamental publications are reviewed bearing on the dynamics of eustatic processes and on the tectonic and isostatic behaviour of coastal sectors. The critical analysis of methodologies and results yielded by different reserchers has allowed to propose a new correlation scheme for sea-level data in different parts of the world. The improvement in datation techniques and the theoretical modelling of both glacio-eustatic variations and isostatic rebounds of coastal sectors to deglaciation, have been pivotal in sea-level researches during the 70 and '80. During the last decade, the refinement of radiodating techniques has prompted the correlation of sea-level data from different parts of the world. The available data set has grown from coral reefs and morpho-depositional units such as marine terraces and transitional coastal deposits, to include oxygen-isotopic analysis of deep-sea muds, their relationships with changes of ice volumes, datation of submerged speleothems and marin biogenic overgrowths. Comparative analysis of data on relative sea-level changes in different coastal sectors has pointed out the need for evaluating the tectonic and isostatic behaviour of the investigated coastal sectors. Based on the results of our research and the review of existing literature, a new reference marker is proposed in order to allow data correlation from different coastal sectors on the ground of their tectonic and isostatic stability. Such marker is represented by the eustatic sea level related to the substage 5e. The "relative eustatic variation" during the late Pleistocene-Holocene is here defined as the sea-level change caused by water volume variation induced by climatic variation relative to the present-day sea level. Such change is deduced from geological-geomorphological indicators such as terraces and notches found in coastal areas which are proved to be stable since the "Eutyrrhenian". The rate of vertical uplift for these areas must be below 0.016 m/ka, equal to about 2 m in the last 125 ka. The difficulty in constructing previsionai eustatic models is finally discussed in the light of the complexity of the process itself and of the concurrence of anthropic activity. This problem can be only alleviated by the availability of a greater number of data from tectonicvally stable area.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 1998
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 1998
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
    ENEA Open Archive
    Article . 1998
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 1998
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 1998
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
      ENEA Open Archive
      Article . 1998
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Puiu, A.; Spizzichino, V.; Lazic, V.; Fiorani, L.; +5 Authors

    Il Laboratorio Diagnostiche e Metrologia (DIM) del Dipartimento FSN-TECFIS dell’ENEA ha, tra i suoi obiettivi, lo sviluppo di strumentazioni spettroscopiche per la diagnostica precoce e non distruttiva nonché la sua applicazione in numerosi campi quali agroalimentare, sicurezza ed ambiente. Nell’ambito della Infrastruttura Europea sul Food (METROFOOD) coordinata da ENEA BIOAG del Dipartimento SSPT l’utilizzo delle metodologie sviluppate possono contribuire ad una diagnostica sinergica in quanto si affianca al portfolio di strumentazione già prevista nel progetto. Le misure sono state eseguite su campioni di riso e tessuto di ostrica forniti dal progetto ma che possono essere sviluppate per applicazioni industriali I risultati ottenuti incoraggiano e confermano l’utilizzo delle tecniche spettroscopiche utilizzate, in quanto si sono dimostrate versatili ed utili per la diagnostica e la caratterizzazione non distruttiva dei prodotti studiati. Si propone anche lo sviluppo di strumenti dedicati al controllo della filiera agro-alimentare, in funzione della necessità e della matrice da analizzare. The development of innovative instruments for early and non-destructive detection in agro-food field is one of the objectives for Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory (DIM) of the FSN TECFIS Department of ENEA. In the framework of the European Infrastructure for promoting METROlogy in FOOD and nutrition (METROFOOD) lead by ENEA BIOAG -SSPT Department, the physics technologies can be useful tools, together with the portfolio instrumentation already available in the project, for a more comprehensive monitoring of food quality. The results obtained on Rice and Oyster, provided by the project, encourage and confirm the advantageous use of that technologies, for their adaptability and, mainly, for their peculiarities of early and non- destructive detection. The development of specific tools for the quality control in the agro-food chain is also proposed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2019
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 2019
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mezi, Luca; Flora, Francesco; Bollanti, Sarah; Murra, Daniele; +1 Authors

    Presentiamo le tematiche scientifiche e tecnologiche affrontate durante l’irraggiamento di film poliimmide nano-ibridi con una dose di radiazione ultravioletta (uv) pari a 3.000 ore equivalenti di irraggiamento solare fuori dall’atmosfera terrestre, nell’ambito di un test per selezionare il materiale più adatto all’uso come substrato dei second surface mirrors nei telescopi spaziali. in particolare, discutiamo i dettagli relativi al calcolo della dose uv solare, alla taratura dei rivelatori, alla distribuzione spaziale dell’emissione uv della sorgente, all’effetto di ‘guida d’onda’ della camera da vuoto, alla dissipazione del calore in aria, in vuoto e in atmosfera controllata, al controllo remoto continuo (24 ore al giorno) sia della temperatura dei campioni, sia della radiazione della lampada. In the frame of a Project aiming at selecting substrates for second surface mirrors of space-telescopes, we present the scientific and technological issues addressed during irradiations of nano-hybrid polyimide films deposited on quartz with a ultraviolet (UV) dose of 3,000 space-equivalent Sun hours. In particular, we detail the calculation of the UV dose delivered by Sun, the calibration of the detectors, the spatial distribution of the UV radiation on samples, the remote control 24/24, 7/7 of both samples’ temperature and lamp radiation, the 'equivalent waveguide' effect of the vacuum chamber, the heat dissipation in air, in vacuum and in a helium atmosphere.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ENEA Open Archive
    Other ORP type . 2017
    Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ENEA Open Archive
      Other ORP type . 2017
      Data sources: ENEA Open Archive
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Murra, D.; Aquilini, M.; Bollanti, S.; Di Lazzaro, P.; +4 Authors

    Le lunghezze d’onda comprese tra 200 e 280 nanometri, intervallo spettrale denominato UV-C, sono particolarmente adatte a debellare batteri e virus in quanto tale radiazione spezza i legami proteici e può danneggiare in modo irreversibile le catene del DNA/RNA. Sino a poco tempo fa, le sorgenti UV-C disponibili in commercio erano lampade a gas, basate tipicamente su deuterio, xenon, vapori di mercurio, o eccimeri. Queste lampade funzionano a tensioni piuttosto elevate, sono fragili e hanno tempi di accensione di diversi minuti prima di arrivare a regime ed emettere la potenza nominale. La disponibilità di LED (Light Emitting Diodes, dispositivi a stato solido) che emettono radiazione nell’intervallo dell’UV-C consente oggi di realizzare una “lampada”, basata su una matrice di tali sorgenti, che utilizza un alimentatore a bassa tensione, può essere disegnata in configurazioni geometriche adattabili ad ogni esigenza, si accende istantaneamente ed è meccanicamente molto robusta. In questo Rapporto Tecnico sono illustrati il progetto, la realizzazione e la caratterizzazione di una lampada a LED UV-C e del relativo alimentatore. È inoltre brevemente descritto un esperimento, a scopo fitosanitario, in cui tale lampada è stata utilizzata. Optical radiation with wavelengths between 200 and 280 nanometers, in the UV-C range, is particularly suitable for eradicating bacteria and viruses, as this radiation breaks protein bonds and can irreversibly damage DNA/RNA chains. Until recently, the commercial UV-C sources were gas lamps, typically based on deuterium, xenon, mercury vapor, or excimers. All of these lamps operate at quite high voltages, are fragile and require several minutes of warming up before working at full power. The availability of solid-state LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) that emit radiation in the UV-C range allows a “lamp” to be made by assembling an array of such light sources, which uses a low-voltage power supply, can be designed in geometric configurations adaptable to any need, turns on/off instantly and is robust. This Technical Report illustrates the work done at ENEA Frascati on the design and assembly of a UVC LED lamp and of its power supply, its characterization and application to a phytosanitary experiment.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ENEA Open Archivearrow_drop_down
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