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[Image: see text] The biological reduction of soluble U(VI) complexes to form immobile U(IV) species has been proposed to remediate contaminated sites. It is well established that multiheme c-type cytochromes (MHCs) are key mediators of electron transfer to aqueous phase U(VI) complexes for bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Recent studies have confirmed that the reduction proceeds via a first electron transfer forming pentavalent U(V) species that readily disproportionate. However, in the presence of the stabilizing aminocarboxylate ligand, dpaea(2–) (dpaeaH(2)=bis(pyridyl-6-methyl-2-carboxylate)-ethylamine), biologically produced U(V) persisted in aqueous solution at pH 7. We aim to pinpoint the role of MHC in the reduction of U(V)-dpaea and to establish the mechanism of solid-phase U(VI)-dpaea reduction. To that end, we investigated U-dpaea reduction by two deletion mutants of S. oneidensis MR-1–one lacking outer membrane MHCs and the other lacking all outer membrane MHCs and a transmembrane MHC–and by the purified outer membrane MHC, MtrC. Our results suggest that solid-phase U(VI)-dpaea is reduced primarily by outer membrane MHCs. Additionally, MtrC can directly transfer electrons to U(V)-dpaea to form U(IV) species but is not strictly necessary, underscoring the primary involvement of outer membrane MHCs in the reduction of this pentavalent U species but not excluding that of periplasmic MHCs.

Dental biomechanics based on finite element (FE) analysis is attracting enormous interest in dentistry, biology, anthropology and palaeontology. Nonetheless, several shortcomings in FE modeling exist, mainly due to unrealistic loading conditions. In this contribution we used kinematics information recorded in a virtual environment derived from occlusal contact detection between high resolution models of an upper and lower human first molar pair (M1 and M1, respectively) to run a non-linear dynamic FE crash colliding test.MicroCT image data of a modern human skull were segmented to reconstruct digital models of the antagonistic right M1 and M1 and the dental supporting structures. We used the Occlusal Fingerprint Analyser software to reconstruct the individual occlusal pathway trajectory during the power stroke of the chewing cycle, which was applied in a FE simulation to guide the M1 3D-path for the crash colliding test.FE analysis results showed that the stress pattern changes considerably during the power stroke, demonstrating that knowledge about chewing kinematics in conjunction with a morphologically detailed FE model is crucial for understanding tooth form and function under physiological conditions.Results from such advanced dynamic approaches will be applicable to evaluate and avoid mechanical failure in prosthodontics/endodontic treatments, and to test material behavior for modern tooth restoration in dentistry. This approach will also allow us to improve our knowledge in chewing-related biomechanics for functional diagnosis and therapy, and it will help paleoanthropologists to illuminate dental adaptive processes and morphological modifications in human evolution.

<p align="center"><strong>Περίληψη</strong></p><p>Η παρούσα εργασία αφορά στην ανάπτυξη των γνωστικών και κοινωνικών δεξιοτήτων στα παιδιά 3 έως 5 ετών μέσω του παιχνιδιού. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, πραγματοποιήθηκε έρευνα σε έναν παιδικό σταθμό στο Λονδίνο με τη μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση δίμηνης συμμετοχικής παρατήρησης και μη δομημένων συνεντεύξεων. Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν να εξετασθεί η ανάπτυξη των γνωστικών δεξιοτήτων κατά τη διάρκεια του παιχνιδιού, να διερευνηθεί η συμβολή των παιχνιδιών-ρόλων, να αξιολογηθεί η σύνδεση του παιχνιδιού με τις κοινωνικές δεξιότητες και να παρατηρηθεί η λεκτική συνεργασία στην αίθουσα και στην αυλή. Τα ευρήματα αναδεικνύουν το παιχνίδι σε βασική δραστηριότητα μάθησης καθώς επιτυγχάνονται ανώτερα επίπεδα γνωστικής και κοινωνικής εξέλιξης με αποτέλεσμα τα παιδιά να εμπεδώνουν τη γνώση ταχύτερα αλλά και να αποκτούν την ικανότητα της δημιουργίας φιλικών σχέσεων. Ο απώτερος σκοπός της εργασίας αυτής είναι η καλύτερη κατανόηση του ρόλου που διαδραματίζει το παιχνίδι στην προσχολική ηλικία.</p>

Different local projection (LP) estimators for structural impulse responses of proxy vector autoregressions are reviewed and compared algebraically and with respect to their small sample suitability for inference. Conditions for numerical equivalence and similarities of some estimators are provided. A new LP type estimator is also proposed which is very easy to compute. Two generalized least squares (GLS) projection estimators are found to be more accurate than the other LP estimators in small samples. In particular, a lag-augmented GLS estimator tends to be superior to its competitors and to perform as well as a standard VAR estimator for sufficiently large samples.

Computational modeling has been used routinely in the pre-clinical development of medical devices such as coronary artery stents. The ability to simulate and predict physiological and structural parameters such as flow disturbance, wall shear-stress, and mechanical strain patterns is beneficial to stent manufacturers. These methods are now emerging as useful clinical tools, used by physicians in the assessment and management of patients. Computational models, which can predict the physiological response to intervention, offer clinicians the ability to evaluate a number of different treatment strategies

Species of Platythyrea Brown (1975) provides a key to Platythyrea species that is only slightly outdated due to the subsequent description of two additional species, while De Andrade (2004) provides a key to New World Platythyrea, including both extant and fossil species. In the species list below (and throughout this publication) only the country of the type localities is given. P. angusta Forel, 1901: Trinidad P. arnoldi Forel, 1913: Zimbabwe P. arthuri Forel, 1910: Madagascar P. bicuspis Emery, 1899: Madagascar P. bidentata Brown, 1975: Philippines P. brunnipes (Clark, 1938): Australia P. clypeata Forel, 1911: S.E. Asia P. conradti Emery, 1899: Cameroon P. cooperi Arnold, 1915: South Africa P. cribrinodis (Gerstäcker, 1859): Mozambique P. crucheti Santschi, 1911: Angola P. dentinodis (Clark, 1930): Australia P. exigua Kempf, 1964: Brazil P. frontalis Emery, 1899: Cameroon P. gracillima Wheeler, W.M., 1922: DRC P. inermis Forel, 1910: Philippines P. lamellosa (Roger, 1860): South Africa P. lenca De Andrade, 2004: Honduras P. matopoensis Arnold, 1915: Zimbabwe P. micans (Clark, 1930): Australia P. mocquerysi Emery, 1899: Madagascar P. modesta Emery, 1899: Cameroon P. nicobarensis Forel, 1905: Nicobar Islands P. occidentalis André, 1890: Sierra Leone P. parallela (Smith, F., 1859): Indonesia (Aru Island) P. pilosula (Smith, F., 1858): Brazil P. prizo Kugler, 1977: Costa Rica P. punctata (Smith, F., 1858): Central America P. quadridenta Donisthorpe, 1941: New Guinea P. sagei Forel, 1900: India P. schultzei Forel, 1910: Namibia P. sinuata (Roger, 1860): Suriname P. strenua Wheeler, W.M. & Mann, 1914: Haiti P. tenuis Emery, 1899: Cameroon P. tricuspidata Emery, 1900: Indonesia (Sumatra) P. turneri Forel, 1895: Australia P. viehmeyeri Santschi, 1914: Tanzania P. zodion Brown, 1975: Ecuador Fossil species † P. dentata Lattke, 2003: Dominican Amber † P. dlusskyi Aria, et al. 2011: Oise Amber † P. primaeva Wheeler, W.M., 1915: Baltic Amber † P. procera Lattke, 2003: Dominican Amber † P. pumilio De Andrade, 2004: Dominican Amber † P. scalpra Lattke, 2003: Dominican Amber Published as part of Schmidt, C. A. & Shattuck, S. O., 2014, The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior, pp. 1-242 in Zootaxa 3817 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10086256

Side channels are popular methods to reduce flood levels or to increase the ecological value of rivers. Here we asses four side channels in the River Ain (France). In combination with 1D model simulations, we identify the characteristics and processes regarding the erosion and sedimentation patterns. The relative slope of the channels, the bifurcation angle, bend flow and bank erosion turn out to be important parameters for the identification of the processes.