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The Federalisation, regionalisation and local governance has been an important issue of the jurisprudence and administrative sciences. Although the differences of decentralised and federal systems have remained, several transformations could be observed and in several countries the model of the public administration has changed in the last decades. A convergence or hybridisation of the models can be observed: the competences of the municipal bodies have been strengthened. Although the boundaries between municipalities and member states of the federation have blurred in the governance of these entities, but the legal distinction between them remained solid: the regional municipalities with broad competences do not have statehood.

Kérdőíves és fókuszcsoportos kutatásunkban azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a magyar újságírók és szerkesztőségek milyen ismeretekkel rendelkeznek a digitális biztonságról, valamint milyen tapasztalataik vannak az online zaklatással kapcsolatban. Kutatásunkból az derül ki, hogy a magyar újságírók kevésbé tájékozottak a digitális biztonság kérdésében, a legjellemzőbb az online zaklatás valamilyen formája, a válaszadók 43 százaléka nem használ semmiféle digitális védelmi eszközt, és az újságírók nem is magukat, hanem inkább a forrásaikat, a nyomozásaikat és a családjukat féltik, miközben többségük munkája természetes velejárójának véli az online zaklatásokat és támadásokat.

The quest for binary and dual supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the dawn of the multi-messenger era is compelling. Detecting dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) -- active SMBHs at projected separations larger than several parsecs -- and binary AGN -- probing the scale where SMBHs are bound in a Keplerian binary -- is an observational challenge. The study of AGN pairs (either dual or binary) also represents an overarching theoretical problem in cosmology and astrophysics. The AGN triggering calls for detailed knowledge of the hydrodynamical conditions of gas in the imminent surroundings of the SMBHs and, at the same time, their duality calls for detailed knowledge on how galaxies assemble through major and minor mergers and grow fed by matter along the filaments of the cosmic web. This review describes the techniques used across the electromagnetic spectrum to detect dual and binary AGN candidates and proposes new avenues for their search. The current observational status is compared with the state-of-the-art numerical simulations and models for formation of dual and binary AGN. Binary SMBHs are among the loudest sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the Universe. The search for a background of GWs at nHz frequencies from inspiralling SMBHs at low redshifts, and the direct detection of signals from their coalescence by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna in the next decade, make this a theme of major interest for multi-messenger astrophysics. This review discusses the future facilities and observational strategies that are likely to significantly advance this fascinating field. 69 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in New Astronomy Reviews

The quark gluon plasma is formed in heavy-ion collisions, and it can be described by solutions of relativistic hydrodynamics. In this paper we utilize perturbative hydrodynamics, where we study first order perturbations on top of a known solution. We investigate the perturbations on top of the Hubble flow. From this perturbative solution we can give the form of the particle emitting source and calculate observables of heavy-ion collisions. We describe the source function and the single-particle momentum spectra for a spherically symmetric solution.

A fenti tanulmány az Esti Kornél-szövegegyüttesekben a címszereplő tulajdonneve által megvalósuló intertextuális olvasási lehetőséggel foglalkozott, mely a szöveg és a befogadó viszonyában reflektált vagy öntudatlan asszociációkkal írható le. Ezek a szövegegyüttesek az életműben – azonkívül, hogy vitatható műfajúak és egymáshoz lazán, leginkább a tulajdonnevek és egy-egy visszatérő téma, illetve a történet linearitása, kifejtettsége által kapcsolódnak – hangsúlyozzák az elbeszélés fikcionális voltát. Az Esti Kornél név ezek között a szövegek között, sőt, a nevet szerepeltető kortárs szépirodalmi szövegekben is egyfajta asszociációs kapocsként működik, intertextuális szereppel bír azáltal, hogy megidézi a tulajdonnév korábbi szövegkörnyezeteit és a névhez a korábbi szövegekben kapcsolt jellemzőket. A tanulmány egy olyan szempontra kívánta felhívni a figyelmet névtani megközelítése alapján, amely más szerzők és más típusú szövegek vizsgálata esetén is eredményesnek bizonyulhat.

AbstractViruses can be found everywhere, they are part of the real life of humanity. Air travel is the youngest form of geographical movement, which has become an attainable reality for everyone at the expense of extraordinarily huge efforts and sacrifices. The two realities collided at the end of 2019 and then on 11 March 2020 via the declaration of COVID-19 to be a world pandemic changing the world as known. This paper introduces these two realities and researches their legal relations.Primarily, this paper seeks answers to the question whether pursuant to the Montreal Convention (1999) regulating the liability of the air carrier for damages an event or occurrence deriving from the disease or state of health of the passenger taking place during the operations of embarkation or disembarkation or on board the aircraft is deemed to be an accident. What extent of liability does the state of health of the passenger impose on the contracting parties pursuant to the rules of the Convention and according to legal practice?An answer is provided by unfolding the conceptual elements of accident via legal cases. This introduces the significance of the internal regulations of the air carrier; the situation of passengers in need of special care; examines the existence of medical certificates and deals with the responsibility of the crew for the treatment of acute situations deriving from the state of health of the passenger (heart attack, thrombosis, virus infection etc.)The answer is logical. Pursuant to the Convention, the event or occurrence deriving from the state of health of the passenger does not qualify as accident, consequently, the air carrier shall not liable. However, if in the facts of the concrete case a cause and effect relationship exists between the occurrence of the accident and the negligent conduct of the air carrier, the liability of the air carrier for damages can be established.The study introduces the system of conditions of the liability for damages in full detail, and the causal link producing an accident. The author makes recommendations for and outlines solutions in awareness that despite all real efforts, mankind has not learnt the lesson that the virus is in a winning position.