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The following study serves to develop consciousness about the smaller, not very well-known,emigration from the two southern Swedish cities of Växjö and Kalmar, which are situated inthe province of Småland, to Germany between 1865 and 1914. By using the digital archive ofEmiWeb, the gender, age and marital status of the emigrants have been analyzed and theyhave been categorized into three different social classes depending on the title or occupationthey had at the time of emigration. Furthermore, the results of the research of the two citieshave been compared with each other which resulted in a lot of similarities between the citieswhere the greatest part of the emigrants were between the ages of 20 and 29, unmarried, andpart of the working class. Overall, every age group was represented which also includedindividuals over the age of 50 and children between the ages of 0 and 9. Members of themiddle class and bourgeoisie were also present but to a lesser extent. Concerning the gender among the emigrants, the results of this study show that the proportion of women is greaterthan that of men, foremost in the first of the five periods in which this study is divided. Altogether this study provides a deeper insight and understanding of which people emigratedto Germany. However, the number of unregistered emigrants hinders the capacity to present areliable and comprehensive generalization about them.

My goal with this thesis was to investigate how educational material in the subjects of history, geography and social studies relate to the fact that Sweden has a history marked by prejudice and racism.I have chosen to focus on four areas in the Swedish history that I think deserves some special attention, these four areas have been: the Swedish slave trade on the island of Saint Barthelemy in the eighteenth century, Swedish eugenics and oppression of the Sami people, forced sterilization services during the twentieth century and Sweden's aid and concessions to Nazi Germany during World War II. With these areas in focus I’ve studied three textbooks in the courses Geography A, Civics A and History A to se how they deal with prejudice and racism in the Swedish history. The result I have come to is that none of the books addresses all four of the areas I’ve focused on. Even if the books are taken as a whole the image that they convey is not adequate. In the event that the four areas that I’ve focused on been mentioned the information have been scant and rarely, if ever, has Sweden been paired with phenomenons like racism, slavery, colonialism, eugenics, forced sterilization, etc. All these concepts (apart from racism) are treated in comparison to other countries and in some cases, even moral advice, or condemnations occurred in connection therewith. Racism as a phenomenon is not discussed in any of the books, creating a further gap in the history these books create. The consequence of this would be that the teaching teachers need to compensate for the shortcomings of these books to meet the guidelines and objectives governing documents set up. If such compensatory education does not take place there is a risk that the areas I have chosen to focus on will fall into oblivion and the lessons we can learn from history could be lost.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian society faced a new reality. The new reality involved consolidation and transformation of collective identities. The reinvigoration of national identity led to a change in the emphasis on how the past was dealt with – many things which were regarded as negative by the Soviet regime became presented as positive in independent Ukraine. The war-time nationalist movement, represented by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), became one of the re-configured themes of history. While most of the studies of memory of the OUN and UPA concentrated on the use of the history of the OUN and UPA by nationalist parties, this study goes beyond the analysis of such use of history and scrutinizes the meaning of this history in nation- and state-building processes in relation to memory work realized on the small-scale regional and local levels with the main focus on Rivne and Rivne oblast’. Moreover, this book focusses not only on the “producers” of memory, but also on the “consumers” of memory, the area which is largely understudied in the field of memory studies. In the book the main emphasis is put on monuments which are regarded as catalysts and symptoms of memory. The present study showed that the OUN and UPA are used more as the metaphors of the anti-Soviet and anti-communist struggle for independence than as historical entities. This past is largely mythologized. Functioning as a myth the memory of the OUN and UPA obliterates difficult knowledge that the historical research reveals on the questionable activities and ideology of those organizations. As a result, the past of the OUN and UPA is re-imagined, re-filled with new meanings so that it is used along even with the democratic and pro-European claims in the present. It was especially well-observed during the Orange Revolution in 2004 and during the Euromaidan in 2013-2014, when the European Union’s flags were seen next to the OUN’s red-and-black flags or when the pro-European slogans were proclaimed alongside the OUN and UPA slogans. At the same time, the results demonstrated an intricate complexity of memory work shaped by intensive dynamics of private and public, grassroots and official, local and national encounters. Although there have been attempts made by political actors to draw a direct link between the national identity, political allegiances and proposed heroic version of memory, the study showed, that such attempts did not really work. In the pluralistic context the meanings are too fluid and adherence to one version of history does not preclude adherences to other versions of history which are presented as diametrically opposite in the political sphere. As result, on the recipients’ grassroots level, the memory reveals its amalgamated characteristics. Drawing on studies about post-colonial subjectivities and theories of remediation developed in memory studies, this book explores the changes in memory culture of contemporary Ukraine and examines the role of memory in producing new meanings under the rapidly changing conditions after the collapse of the Soviet Union up to 2014. The book contributes to the studies of memory culture in post-Communist countries as well as to the studies of society in contemporary Ukraine.

This thesis on the Swedish voluntary women’s defence organisation Riksförbundet Sveriges lottakårer (SLK), studies how the board and the members of SLK discussed the problems and the meaning of voluntary defence work during the 1960s and 1970s. Furthermore the thesis aims to engage with previous research and give an explanation to why people may be interested in voluntary defence. Views varied greatly within SLK: some meant that the voluntary grounds of participation gave a sense of elite status to the organisation; however others saw voluntary work as untenable, since more women at the time had both work and family obligations. Another issue was professionalisation versus socialisation. While some members wanted to see a centralisation and professionalisation of the organisation, others found it more important to safeguard the social functions and independence of the local corps unit. The results suggest that gender structures as well as individual agency create multiple reasons and meanings behind voluntary defence work.

Institutionen för kultur och estetik, Konstvetenskap 106 91 Stockholms universitet 08-16 20 00 vx Handledare: Andrea Kollnitz Titel och undertitel: Värdet av det fristående föremålet - Fernand Légers ”l’objet dans l’espace” i konstnärskapet hos Waldemar Lorentzon och Erik Olson under 1920- och 1930-talet Författare: Anna Nilsson Kontaktuppgifter till författaren: anni6257@student.su.se Uppsatsnivå: Kandidatuppsats Ventileringstermin: Vt 2019 ABSTRACT: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och jämföra vilka uttryck kubisten Fernand Légers tes om värdet av det fristående föremålet, ”l’objet dans l’espace” omsattes och påverkade de svenska konstnärerna Waldemar Lorentzons och Erik Olsons konstnärskap från 1924 när de påbörjade sina konststudier vid hans målarskola Académie Moderne i Paris och in på 1930-talet. Min metod är att först identifiera Légers teorier som inte finns nedtecknade i en kanon eller manifest och därefter med en komparativ analys undersöka hur de förhåller sig till respektive konstnärs verk och deras personliga förutsättningar i rörelsen från kubism till surrealism och villkoren på den svenska konstmarknaden. Studien visar att konstnärerna tog emot och omsatte Légers tes och teorier på ett öppet men individuellt sätt och att influenser av tesen går att identifiera i deras surrealistiska formspråk. Léger vidgade deras blick och ledde dem från ett expressionistiskt formspråk och att förhålla sig till de värderingar som var gällande inom det svenska kulturetablissemanget. Nyckelord: Waldemar Lorentzon, Erik Olson, Fernand Léger, Halmstadgruppen, Egon Östlund, Otto G. Carlsund, kubism, surrealism, l’objet dans l’espace.