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Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have a major economic impact on animal production worldwide. In the present study, 2410 ticks were collected from January to August 2017 from livestock and other domestic animals in North Kordofan and Kassala, Sudan, for species identification and investigation of Rickettsia spp. and piroplasms, either individually or as pools containing up to 10 ticks by molecular methods. In total, 13 tick species were identified by morphology and 16S rDNA sequencing. The most frequent tick species were Hyalomma impeltatum (24.90%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (18.84%), Amblyomma lepidum (16.06%), and Rhipicephalus camicasi (12.49%). A pan-Rickettsia real-time PCR revealed an overall minimum infection rate (MIR) with Rickettsia spp. of 5.64% (136 positive tick pools/2410 total ticks). Rickettsia africae and Rickettsia aeschlimannii were the most frequently identified species by sequencing. Furthermore, the following highly pathogenic livestock parasites were detected: Theileria annulata, Theileria lestoquardi, Theileria equi, and Babesia caballi. The present study documented Rhipicephalus afranicus as well as Rickettsia conorii israelensis, Rickettsia massiliae, and Babesia pecorum for the first time in Sudan. These findings are significant for the animal production sector as well as in terms of One Health, as the detected Rickettsia spp. can cause serious illness in humans.

Prezentace se věnuje analýze programů populistické krajně pravicové strany SPD v lokálních volbách. Strany tohoto typu stojí v řadě ohledů na samém okraji politického spektra, což platí zejména pro národní úrovni, kde takové strany obvykle drží silně nacionalistické, anti-imigrační a anti-elitistické pozice. Takové pozice jsou ale jen obtížně udržitelné na lokální úrovni, protože na tato úroveň nemá možnosti příliš ovlivňovat migrační politiku, lokální elity vycházejí ze svých komunit, což snižuje užitečnost protielitních postojů a místní vláda nemůže změnit pravidla místní politiky. Povaha lokální politiky je tedy přítomnosti radikálních stran nepřátelská. Tento příspěvek zkoumá způsoby, jakými se radikální pravicová strana SPD vyrovnává s místní úrovní v komunálních volbách v letech 2018 a 2022. Pomocí manuálního a automatizovaného kódování volebních programů ze 175 obcí ukazuje, že v některých obcích se strana neliší od ostatních stran, pokud jde o politické postoje uvedené v programech, zatímco v některých obcích strana vznáší tvrzení nesouvisející s působností místní úrovně, aby posílila svůj radikální apel. As the name suggests radical right parties are going to the edges of political spectre. It applies mostly for national level politics where such parties can hold strong nationalist, anti-immigration and anti-elitist positions. However, such positions often do not have any meaning at local level because local government can hardly restrict the migration within country, the local elites are based on their communities what diminishes the utility of anti-elite stances and local government cannot change rules of local politics. The nature of local politics is thus somehow hostile to presence of radical parties. In this paper, I investigate the ways in which radical right party SPD copes with local level in 2018 and 2022 municipal elections. Using manual and automated coding of electoral manifestos from 175 municipalities I show that in some municipalities party does not differ from other parties in regard of political stances indicated in manifesto while in some municipalities party makes claims unrelated to scope of local level to strengthen their radical appeal.

A tower between two regular languages is a sequence of strings such that all strings on odd positions belong to one of the languages, all strings on even positions belong to the other language, and each string can be embedded into the next string in the sequence. It is known that if there are towers of any length, then there also exists an infinite tower. We investigate upper and lower bounds on the length of finite towers between two regular languages with respect to the size of the automata representing the languages in the case there is no infinite tower. This problem is relevant to the separation problem of regular languages by piecewise testable languages.

Social memory refers to the fundamental ability of social species to recognize their conspecifics in quite different contexts. Sleep has been shown to benefit consolidation, especially of hippocampus-dependent episodic memory whereas effects of sleep on social memory are less well studied. Here, we examined the effect of sleep on memory for conspecifics in rats. To discriminate interactions between the consolidation of social memory and of spatial context during sleep, adult Long Evans rats performed on a social discrimination task in a radial arm maze. The Learning phase comprised three 10-min sampling sessions in which the rats explored a juvenile rat presented at a different arm of the maze in each session. Then the rats were allowed to sleep (n = 18) or stayed awake (n = 18) for 120 min. During the following 10-min Test phase, the familiar juvenile rat (of the Learning phase) was presented along with a novel juvenile rat, each rat at an opposite arm of the maze. Significant social recognition memory, as indicated by preferential exploration of the novel over the familiar conspecific, occurred only after post-learning sleep, but not after wakefulness. Sleep, compared with wakefulness, significantly enhanced social recognition during the first minute of the Test phase. However, memory expression depended on the spatial configuration: Significant social recognition memory emerged only after sleep when the rat encountered the novel conspecific at a place different from that of the familiar juvenile in the last sampling session before sleep. Though unspecific retrieval-related effects cannot entirely be excluded, our findings suggest that sleep, rather than independently enhancing social and spatial aspects of memory, consolidates social memory by acting on an episodic representation that binds the memory of the conspecific together with the spatial context in which it was recently encountered.

Abstract. The regional climate model RegCM4.2 was coupled to the chemistry transport model CAMx, including two-way interactions, to evaluate the regional impact of urban emission from Central European cities on climate for present (2001–2010) and future (2046–2055). Short-lived non-CO2 emissions are considered, and, for the future impact, only the emission changes are accounted for (the climate is kept 'fixed'). The urban impact on climate is calculated with the annihilation approach, when two experiments are performed: one with all emissions included and one without considering urban emissions. The radiative impacts of non-CO2 primary and secondary formed pollutants are considered: namely ozone (O3), sulfates (PSO4), nitrates (PNO3), primary organic and elementary carbon (POA and PEC). The validation of the modeling system is limited to key climate parameters, near surface and precipitation. It shows that the model, in general, under-estimates temperature and overestimates precipitation. We attribute this behavior to too much cloudiness/water vapor present in the model atmosphere as a consequence of over-predicted evaporation from the surface. The impact on climate is characterized by a statistically significant cooling up to −0.02 K and −0.04 K in winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) season, mainly over cities. We found that the main contributor to the cooling is the aerosols direct and indirect effects, while the ozone titration, calculated especially for DJF, plays rather a minor role. In accordance with the vertical extent of the urban emission induced aerosol perturbation, cooling dominates the first few model layers up to about 150 m in DJF and 1000 m in JJA. We found a clear diurnal cycle of the radiative impacts with maximum cooling just after noon (JJA) or later in afternoon (DJF). Furthermore, statistically significant decreases of surface radiation are modeled, in accordance with the temperature decrease. The impact on the boundary later height is small but statistically significant and reaches −1 m and −6 m decreases in DJF and JJA, respectively. We did not find any statistically significant impact on precipitation and wind speed. Considering future emissions, the impacts are, in general, smaller – as a consequence of smaller emissions resulting in smaller urban induced chemical perturbations. In overall, the study suggest that the non-CO2 emissions play rather a minor role in modulating regional climate over central Europe. Much more important is the direct climate impact of urban surfaces trough urban canopy meteorological effects as we showed earlier.

Ve dnech 10.–11. června 2014 proběhlo 3. české uživatelské fórum Copernicus, zaměřené na radarová data a navazující služby Copernicus. Konference, kterou organizovala CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí, ve spolupráci s Ministerstvem životního prostředí a Ministerstvem dopravy, se zúčastnilo více než 100 českých i zahraničních účastníků. Zahraniční zastoupení bylo reprezentováno zejména Evropskou komisí, Evropskou kosmickou agenturou a Evropskou agenturou pro životní prostředí. Akce byla zaštítěna mezinárodní konferencí European Space Solutions. Hlavním tématem bylo vypuštění první družice programu Copernicus, Sentinelu 1A, na oběžnou dráhu (proběhlo 3. dubna 2014). Účastníci konference se dozvěděli základní informace o datech, která bude Sentinel 1 poskytovat, o různých oblastech, ve kterých lze tato data využívat, a získali základní přehled o postupu jejich zpracování. Sentinel 1 byl také konfrontován s již existujícími družicemi a jejich produkty (TerraSAR-X a KOMPSAT-5).

This overview introduces the task of parsing into enhanced universal dependencies, describes the datasets used for training and evaluation, and evaluation metrics. We outline various approaches and discuss the results of the shared task.

High-throughput sequencing (HTS) of amplified fragments of rRNA genes provides unprecedented insight into the diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Unfortunately, HTS data are prone to quantitative biases, which may lead to an erroneous picture of microbial community composition and thwart efforts to advance its understanding. These concerns motivated us to investigate how accurately HTS data characterize the variability of microbial communities, the relative abundances of specific phylotypes, and their relationships with environmental factors in comparison to an established microscopy-based method. We compared results obtained by HTS and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) from three independent aquatic time series for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms (almost 900 data points, the largest obtained with both methods so far). HTS and CARD-FISH data disagree with regard to relative abundances of bacterial and eukaryotic phylotypes but identify similar environmental drivers shaping bacterial and eukaryotic communities.