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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Devers, Quentin;

    This is a picture of a heritage site in Ladakh. Location: Sumda Chenmo (Lower Ladakh [Sham]). The site is: Temple Ruin 1 (code: t070, type: Temple Ruin, coordinates: 34.11431°N 77.09007°E). More information: ladakharchaeology.com

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NAKALAarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    NAKALA
    Image . 2022
    License: CC BY NC SA
    Data sources: NAKALA; Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NAKALAarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      NAKALA
      Image . 2022
      License: CC BY NC SA
      Data sources: NAKALA; Datacite
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  • まもなく3月卒業式がやってきます 入学式ももうすぐです!

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  • 金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系 Y染色体特異的マイナー組織適合抗原であるH-Yペプチドは男性にのみ発現し,HLA-A2に表出される.まず,HLA一致姉からの同種骨髄移植後に慢性骨髄性白血病リンパ性急性転化を来した男性患者(HLA-A2陽性)を対象に,患者の白血病細胞に対し高い細胞傷害活性を示すドナー由来のT細胞を作成した.H-Yペプチドでパルスしたドナー由来樹状細胞を抗原提示細胞に用いてドナーのT細胞を繰り返し刺激することにより,細胞傷害性T細胞を樹立した.この細胞傷害性T細胞は,ドナーの樹状細胞に対しパルスするペプチド濃度依存性の細胞傷害活性を示した.さらに,患者白血病細胞・線維芽細胞,男性リンパ芽球性リンパ細胞株細胞に対し,HLA-A2拘束性の細胞傷害活性を示した.次に,同じ男性患者が再移植を受けたのち分子遺伝学的寛解を維持していた時期の流血中に,インターフェロン(IFN)γ発現とT細胞レセプターを指標としてH-Yペプチド特異的T細胞を検出した.患者血液からCD8陽性細胞を分離し,H-Yペプチドで5時間刺激したところ,6.8%がIFN-γ陽性となった.このCD8陽性IFN-γ陽性細胞のT細胞レセプターβ鎖のCDR3領域をPCRにより増幅し,サイズ・スペクトラタイピングを行った.その結果,BV22においてin vitroで誘導された細胞傷害性T細胞と同じサイズのピークが検出された.塩基配列を決定したところ,患者の流血中に存在しているH-Yペプチド反応性T細胞とin vitroで樹立した細胞傷害性T細胞で共通のCDR3領域の配列が証明された.流血中に存在していたCD8陽性細胞は,H-Yペプチド特異的にIFN-γを発現することから,同種免疫による抗腫瘍効果の担当細胞であった可能性がある. 研究課題/領域番号:13770578, 研究期間(年度):2001-2002 出典:「INFγ発現とT細胞レセプターを指標としたマイナー組織適合抗原特異的T細胞の検出」研究成果報告書 課題番号13770578(KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) ( https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13770578/ )を加工して作成

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Η εμβέλεια του ποζιτρονίου είναι ένας από τους κυριότερους παράγοντες περιορισμού της ανάλυσης της εικόνας στην Ποζιτρονική Τομογραφία (PET). Στην παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση του μαγνητικού πεδίου στην εμβέλεια του ποζιτρονίου σε διπλό σύστημα Ποζιτρονικής Τομογραφίας Εκπομπής και Μαγνητικού Τομογράφου (PET-MR) μέσω προσομοίωσης. Το ισχυρό μαγνητικό πεδίο του Μαγνητικού Τομογράφου δημιουργεί συστηματικά επηρεασμένα αποτελέσματα τα οποία διαφοροποιούνται από τα αντίστοιχα εκτός μαγνητικού πεδίου. Λόγω εμφάνισης δυνάμεων Lorentz στο εκπεμπόμενο ποζιτρόνιο αναμένεται μείωση της εμβέλειας του ποζιτρονίου στο κάθετο στο μαγνητικό πεδίο επίπεδο. Για τον έλεγχο της υπόθεσης αυτής αλλά και την ποσοτικοποίηση του αποτελέσματος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν Monte Carlo προσομοιώσεις βασισμένες στο λογισμικό GEANT4/GATE σημειακής β+ ραδιενεργού πηγής εντός απλού συστήματος PET, με εισαγωγή στατικού και ομογενούς μαγνητικού πεδίου. Για την ανακατασκευή της εικόνας χρησιμοποιήθηκαν αναλυτικοί αλγόριθμοι που έχουν αναπτυχθεί στο εργαστήριό μας (REC3D), οι οποίοι πραγματοποιούν τρισδιάστατη ανακατασκευή της εικόνας με γεωμετρική προσέγγιση στον διακριτοποιημένο (voxelized) χώρο. Η μοντελοποίηση της επίδρασης του μαγνητικού πεδίου στα εκπεμπόμενα ποζιτρόνια στοχεύει στη βελτίωση της ανάλυσης της Ποζιτρονικής Τομογραφίας και, μεταξύ άλλων, στο σχεδιασμό εξειδικευμένων πειραμάτων και μεθόδων βαθμονόμησης των συστημάτων PET. Positron range is an important spatial-resolution limiting factor in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The effect of the magnetic field on the positron range on the PET-MRI dual modality was studied. When imaging inside a magnetic field the positron range is non-uniformly affected. Due to Lorentz Force, a decrease of the positron range is expected in the directions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, whereas no variation is expected in the direction of the magnetic field. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to validate these expectations and quantify the results. GATE simulation package (version 5.0.0) was used to calculate the annihilation distribution of positrons in water, lung and rib bone. Six common positron emitters were used. The simulations were performed without and with static magnetic field set in the axial direction for various field strengths. The simulations of the positron annihilation process indicated a general reduction of the mean positron range inside the phantom volume. The evaluation of the positron annihilation distance across the directions perpendicular to the magnetic field showed a reduction of the mean positron range, whereas no increase in the positron range along the direction of the magnetic field was detected, as theoretically expected. An anaytical algorithm developed in our lab that uses a geometrical approach on the voxelized volume, allowed for the 3D reconstuction of the images derived from the GATE simulations for magnetic field strengths: 0T, 3T and 11T. The reduction of the positron range along the directions perpendicular to the magnetic field is observed only for the high energy emitters: Rb82 and Ga68. The kernels obtained from this study can be used to improve positron range correction algorithms for simultaneous PET-MRI acquisitions.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Pergamosarrow_drop_down
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    Pergamos
    2016
    Data sources: Pergamos
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Pergamosarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Pergamos
      2016
      Data sources: Pergamos
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Institutional Reposi...arrow_drop_down
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    Institutional Repository UCA
    Other ORP type . 1988
    License: CC BY NC SA
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      Institutional Repository UCA
      Other ORP type . 1988
      License: CC BY NC SA
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    The article highlights calculus expressions and predicates. У статті висвітлюються числення висловлювань і предикатів. В статье освещаются исчисления высказываний и предикатов.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Borys Grinchenko Kyi...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Strömberg, Petteri;

    Running applications in the cloud has many benefits over using physical machines. Cloud computing automates resource allocation and thus enables serving varying loads efficiently. Microservice applications can harness this functionality particularly well, as they are comprised of small independent services that can be scaled independently. This elasticity sets requirements for the software, such as managing the services across multiple servers and handling their states. This thesis describes how a target system consisting of stateful containerised services can be distributed and automatically scaled across multiple servers. To achieve this, the system is redesigned to adhere to a microservice architecture. The redesigned system consists of stateless services that can be scaled horizontally with ease. The statelessness of the services is achieved by migrating from disk-based data storage to a streaming solution powered by Apache Kafka. For distributing the target system, this thesis studies the two most popular container orchestrators: Docker Swarm and Kubernetes. A performance comparison of the orchestrators is conducted based on existing research and the functionality of the tools is compared using available documentation. One of the key features studied is automatic scaling. While Kubernetes supports automatic scaling natively, Docker Swarm services can only be scaled manually. This thesis proposes two solutions for scaling services automatically in Docker Swarm. The solutions use existing third-party software and the application programming interface provided by Docker. The results of this thesis indicate that while Kubernetes offers a more complete set of features expected when running complex enterprise applications, its complexity causes both performance and management overhead compared to Docker Swarm. Docker Swarm, on the other hand, offers a great alternative where simplicity is prioritised over an extensive set of features. Furthermore, this thesis shows that the limited functionality of Docker Swarm can be extended to enable automatic scaling, although a sufficient solution for the target system of this thesis would require maintaining an additional component in-house. In the end, Kubernetes is chosen for orchestrating the target system, as it provides a more complete ready-made solution with built-in automatic scaling. Sovellusten ajaminen pilvessä tuottaa useita hyötyjä fyysisillä palvelimilla ajamiseen verrattuna. Pilvilaskenta automatisoi resurssien jakamisen ja täten mahdollistaa muuttuvan kuorman palvelemisen tehokkaasti. Mikropalvelupohjaiset sovellukset soveltuvat pilveen erityisen hyvin, sillä ne koostuvat pienistä itsenäisistä palveluista, joita voidaan skaalata yksitellen. Tämä elastisuudeksi kutsuttu ominaisuus edellyttää, että usealle palvelimelle hajautettuja palveluita ja niiden tiloja voidaan hallita. Tässä työssä kuvataan, kuinka tilallisista konteista koostuva kohdejärjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella, ja kuinka järjestelmän skaalaus voidaan automatisoida. Jotta tässä voidaan onnistua, järjestelmä suunnitellaan uudelleen noudattaen mikropalveluarkkitehtuuria. Uusi järjestelmä koostuu tilattomista palveluista, joiden horisontaalinen skaalaus on vaivatonta. Tilattomuus saadaan aikaan siirtymällä levypohjaisesta datan tallennuksesta tietovirtapohjaiseen ratkaisuun Apache Kafkan avulla. Työssä vertaillaan kahta suosituinta konttien orkestrointityökalua, Docker Swarmia ja Kubernetesta, joiden avulla järjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella. Työkalujen suorituskykyä vertaillaan olemassa olevan tutkimuksen pohjalta, ja ominaisuuksien vertailussa hyödynnetään työkalujen dokumentaatiota. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen. Kubernetes tarjoaa sisäänrakennetun ratkaisun automaattiseen skaalaukseen, mutta Docker Swarmissa palveluita voi skaalata vain manuaalisesti. Työssä esitellään kaksi vaihtoehtoista ratkaisua palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen Docker Swarmissa. Ratkaisuissa hyödynnetään olemassa olevia ohjelmia ja Dockerin ohjelmointirajapintaa. Työn tuloksena selviää, että Kubernetes tarjoaa kokonaisvaltaisemman valikoiman ominaisuuksia, joita etenkin vaativimmat yrityssovellukset tarvitsevat toimiakseen. Kuberneteksen monitahoinen rakenne vaikuttaa kuitenkin negatiivisesti sen suorituskykyyn ja tekee siitä Docker Swarmia vaikeamman hallita. Docker Swarm sen sijaan tarjoaa hyvän vaihtoehdon Kubernetekselle, kun yksinkertaisuus on laajoja ominaisuuksia tärkeämpää. Lisäksi työ osoittaa, että automaattinen skaalaus on mahdollista toteuttaa myös Docker Swarmissa. Kohdejärjestelmälle sopiva skaalausratkaisu vaatisi kuitenkin ylimääräisen komponentin kehittämisen ja ylläpidon. Kubernetes valikoituukin kohdejärjestelmän orkestrointityökaluksi, koska se tarjoaa valmiimman orkestrointiratkaisun ja sisäänrakennetun automaattisen skaalauksen.

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    Authors: Block, Walter;

    Poverty in general is created by governmental mismanagement. The solution to the problem is the free enterprise system. Markets reduce poverty by promoting incentives and rational economic activity. Governments exacerbate it by attacking private property, regulating business, and through taxation. The problem of black poverty stems mainly from the breakup, nay, the failure to form, of the black family. This, in turn, is traced to governmental welfare programs

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    Authors: Milanič, Martin;
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    Authors: Glowczewski-Barker, Barbara;

    Glowczewski Barbara. Histoire et ontologie en Australie aborigène. In: L'Homme, 1996, tome 36 n°137. Chine : facettes d'identité. pp. 211-225.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Devers, Quentin;

    This is a picture of a heritage site in Ladakh. Location: Sumda Chenmo (Lower Ladakh [Sham]). The site is: Temple Ruin 1 (code: t070, type: Temple Ruin, coordinates: 34.11431°N 77.09007°E). More information: ladakharchaeology.com

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    NAKALA
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    License: CC BY NC SA
    Data sources: NAKALA; Datacite
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      NAKALA
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  • まもなく3月卒業式がやってきます 入学式ももうすぐです!

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  • 金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系 Y染色体特異的マイナー組織適合抗原であるH-Yペプチドは男性にのみ発現し,HLA-A2に表出される.まず,HLA一致姉からの同種骨髄移植後に慢性骨髄性白血病リンパ性急性転化を来した男性患者(HLA-A2陽性)を対象に,患者の白血病細胞に対し高い細胞傷害活性を示すドナー由来のT細胞を作成した.H-Yペプチドでパルスしたドナー由来樹状細胞を抗原提示細胞に用いてドナーのT細胞を繰り返し刺激することにより,細胞傷害性T細胞を樹立した.この細胞傷害性T細胞は,ドナーの樹状細胞に対しパルスするペプチド濃度依存性の細胞傷害活性を示した.さらに,患者白血病細胞・線維芽細胞,男性リンパ芽球性リンパ細胞株細胞に対し,HLA-A2拘束性の細胞傷害活性を示した.次に,同じ男性患者が再移植を受けたのち分子遺伝学的寛解を維持していた時期の流血中に,インターフェロン(IFN)γ発現とT細胞レセプターを指標としてH-Yペプチド特異的T細胞を検出した.患者血液からCD8陽性細胞を分離し,H-Yペプチドで5時間刺激したところ,6.8%がIFN-γ陽性となった.このCD8陽性IFN-γ陽性細胞のT細胞レセプターβ鎖のCDR3領域をPCRにより増幅し,サイズ・スペクトラタイピングを行った.その結果,BV22においてin vitroで誘導された細胞傷害性T細胞と同じサイズのピークが検出された.塩基配列を決定したところ,患者の流血中に存在しているH-Yペプチド反応性T細胞とin vitroで樹立した細胞傷害性T細胞で共通のCDR3領域の配列が証明された.流血中に存在していたCD8陽性細胞は,H-Yペプチド特異的にIFN-γを発現することから,同種免疫による抗腫瘍効果の担当細胞であった可能性がある. 研究課題/領域番号:13770578, 研究期間(年度):2001-2002 出典:「INFγ発現とT細胞レセプターを指標としたマイナー組織適合抗原特異的T細胞の検出」研究成果報告書 課題番号13770578(KAKEN:科学研究費助成事業データベース(国立情報学研究所)) ( https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13770578/ )を加工して作成

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    Η εμβέλεια του ποζιτρονίου είναι ένας από τους κυριότερους παράγοντες περιορισμού της ανάλυσης της εικόνας στην Ποζιτρονική Τομογραφία (PET). Στην παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία μελετήθηκε η επίδραση του μαγνητικού πεδίου στην εμβέλεια του ποζιτρονίου σε διπλό σύστημα Ποζιτρονικής Τομογραφίας Εκπομπής και Μαγνητικού Τομογράφου (PET-MR) μέσω προσομοίωσης. Το ισχυρό μαγνητικό πεδίο του Μαγνητικού Τομογράφου δημιουργεί συστηματικά επηρεασμένα αποτελέσματα τα οποία διαφοροποιούνται από τα αντίστοιχα εκτός μαγνητικού πεδίου. Λόγω εμφάνισης δυνάμεων Lorentz στο εκπεμπόμενο ποζιτρόνιο αναμένεται μείωση της εμβέλειας του ποζιτρονίου στο κάθετο στο μαγνητικό πεδίο επίπεδο. Για τον έλεγχο της υπόθεσης αυτής αλλά και την ποσοτικοποίηση του αποτελέσματος, πραγματοποιήθηκαν Monte Carlo προσομοιώσεις βασισμένες στο λογισμικό GEANT4/GATE σημειακής β+ ραδιενεργού πηγής εντός απλού συστήματος PET, με εισαγωγή στατικού και ομογενούς μαγνητικού πεδίου. Για την ανακατασκευή της εικόνας χρησιμοποιήθηκαν αναλυτικοί αλγόριθμοι που έχουν αναπτυχθεί στο εργαστήριό μας (REC3D), οι οποίοι πραγματοποιούν τρισδιάστατη ανακατασκευή της εικόνας με γεωμετρική προσέγγιση στον διακριτοποιημένο (voxelized) χώρο. Η μοντελοποίηση της επίδρασης του μαγνητικού πεδίου στα εκπεμπόμενα ποζιτρόνια στοχεύει στη βελτίωση της ανάλυσης της Ποζιτρονικής Τομογραφίας και, μεταξύ άλλων, στο σχεδιασμό εξειδικευμένων πειραμάτων και μεθόδων βαθμονόμησης των συστημάτων PET. Positron range is an important spatial-resolution limiting factor in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The effect of the magnetic field on the positron range on the PET-MRI dual modality was studied. When imaging inside a magnetic field the positron range is non-uniformly affected. Due to Lorentz Force, a decrease of the positron range is expected in the directions perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field, whereas no variation is expected in the direction of the magnetic field. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to validate these expectations and quantify the results. GATE simulation package (version 5.0.0) was used to calculate the annihilation distribution of positrons in water, lung and rib bone. Six common positron emitters were used. The simulations were performed without and with static magnetic field set in the axial direction for various field strengths. The simulations of the positron annihilation process indicated a general reduction of the mean positron range inside the phantom volume. The evaluation of the positron annihilation distance across the directions perpendicular to the magnetic field showed a reduction of the mean positron range, whereas no increase in the positron range along the direction of the magnetic field was detected, as theoretically expected. An anaytical algorithm developed in our lab that uses a geometrical approach on the voxelized volume, allowed for the 3D reconstuction of the images derived from the GATE simulations for magnetic field strengths: 0T, 3T and 11T. The reduction of the positron range along the directions perpendicular to the magnetic field is observed only for the high energy emitters: Rb82 and Ga68. The kernels obtained from this study can be used to improve positron range correction algorithms for simultaneous PET-MRI acquisitions.

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    Pergamos
    2016
    Data sources: Pergamos
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      Pergamos
      2016
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    Institutional Repository UCA
    Other ORP type . 1988
    License: CC BY NC SA
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    The article highlights calculus expressions and predicates. У статті висвітлюються числення висловлювань і предикатів. В статье освещаются исчисления высказываний и предикатов.

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    Authors: Strömberg, Petteri;

    Running applications in the cloud has many benefits over using physical machines. Cloud computing automates resource allocation and thus enables serving varying loads efficiently. Microservice applications can harness this functionality particularly well, as they are comprised of small independent services that can be scaled independently. This elasticity sets requirements for the software, such as managing the services across multiple servers and handling their states. This thesis describes how a target system consisting of stateful containerised services can be distributed and automatically scaled across multiple servers. To achieve this, the system is redesigned to adhere to a microservice architecture. The redesigned system consists of stateless services that can be scaled horizontally with ease. The statelessness of the services is achieved by migrating from disk-based data storage to a streaming solution powered by Apache Kafka. For distributing the target system, this thesis studies the two most popular container orchestrators: Docker Swarm and Kubernetes. A performance comparison of the orchestrators is conducted based on existing research and the functionality of the tools is compared using available documentation. One of the key features studied is automatic scaling. While Kubernetes supports automatic scaling natively, Docker Swarm services can only be scaled manually. This thesis proposes two solutions for scaling services automatically in Docker Swarm. The solutions use existing third-party software and the application programming interface provided by Docker. The results of this thesis indicate that while Kubernetes offers a more complete set of features expected when running complex enterprise applications, its complexity causes both performance and management overhead compared to Docker Swarm. Docker Swarm, on the other hand, offers a great alternative where simplicity is prioritised over an extensive set of features. Furthermore, this thesis shows that the limited functionality of Docker Swarm can be extended to enable automatic scaling, although a sufficient solution for the target system of this thesis would require maintaining an additional component in-house. In the end, Kubernetes is chosen for orchestrating the target system, as it provides a more complete ready-made solution with built-in automatic scaling. Sovellusten ajaminen pilvessä tuottaa useita hyötyjä fyysisillä palvelimilla ajamiseen verrattuna. Pilvilaskenta automatisoi resurssien jakamisen ja täten mahdollistaa muuttuvan kuorman palvelemisen tehokkaasti. Mikropalvelupohjaiset sovellukset soveltuvat pilveen erityisen hyvin, sillä ne koostuvat pienistä itsenäisistä palveluista, joita voidaan skaalata yksitellen. Tämä elastisuudeksi kutsuttu ominaisuus edellyttää, että usealle palvelimelle hajautettuja palveluita ja niiden tiloja voidaan hallita. Tässä työssä kuvataan, kuinka tilallisista konteista koostuva kohdejärjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella, ja kuinka järjestelmän skaalaus voidaan automatisoida. Jotta tässä voidaan onnistua, järjestelmä suunnitellaan uudelleen noudattaen mikropalveluarkkitehtuuria. Uusi järjestelmä koostuu tilattomista palveluista, joiden horisontaalinen skaalaus on vaivatonta. Tilattomuus saadaan aikaan siirtymällä levypohjaisesta datan tallennuksesta tietovirtapohjaiseen ratkaisuun Apache Kafkan avulla. Työssä vertaillaan kahta suosituinta konttien orkestrointityökalua, Docker Swarmia ja Kubernetesta, joiden avulla järjestelmä voidaan hajauttaa ajettavaksi usealla palvelimella. Työkalujen suorituskykyä vertaillaan olemassa olevan tutkimuksen pohjalta, ja ominaisuuksien vertailussa hyödynnetään työkalujen dokumentaatiota. Työssä keskitytään erityisesti palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen. Kubernetes tarjoaa sisäänrakennetun ratkaisun automaattiseen skaalaukseen, mutta Docker Swarmissa palveluita voi skaalata vain manuaalisesti. Työssä esitellään kaksi vaihtoehtoista ratkaisua palveluiden automaattiseen skaalaukseen Docker Swarmissa. Ratkaisuissa hyödynnetään olemassa olevia ohjelmia ja Dockerin ohjelmointirajapintaa. Työn tuloksena selviää, että Kubernetes tarjoaa kokonaisvaltaisemman valikoiman ominaisuuksia, joita etenkin vaativimmat yrityssovellukset tarvitsevat toimiakseen. Kuberneteksen monitahoinen rakenne vaikuttaa kuitenkin negatiivisesti sen suorituskykyyn ja tekee siitä Docker Swarmia vaikeamman hallita. Docker Swarm sen sijaan tarjoaa hyvän vaihtoehdon Kubernetekselle, kun yksinkertaisuus on laajoja ominaisuuksia tärkeämpää. Lisäksi työ osoittaa, että automaattinen skaalaus on mahdollista toteuttaa myös Docker Swarmissa. Kohdejärjestelmälle sopiva skaalausratkaisu vaatisi kuitenkin ylimääräisen komponentin kehittämisen ja ylläpidon. Kubernetes valikoituukin kohdejärjestelmän orkestrointityökaluksi, koska se tarjoaa valmiimman orkestrointiratkaisun ja sisäänrakennetun automaattisen skaalauksen.

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    Authors: Block, Walter;

    Poverty in general is created by governmental mismanagement. The solution to the problem is the free enterprise system. Markets reduce poverty by promoting incentives and rational economic activity. Governments exacerbate it by attacking private property, regulating business, and through taxation. The problem of black poverty stems mainly from the breakup, nay, the failure to form, of the black family. This, in turn, is traced to governmental welfare programs

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    Authors: Milanič, Martin;
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    Authors: Glowczewski-Barker, Barbara;

    Glowczewski Barbara. Histoire et ontologie en Australie aborigène. In: L'Homme, 1996, tome 36 n°137. Chine : facettes d'identité. pp. 211-225.

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