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We analyse new genomic data (0.05–2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200–3500 BC) to the Middle Bronze Age (1740–1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of individual height across Europe are also associated with these major cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with modern differences in stature. Index for VCF fileIndex for VCF filepost_imputation_Martiniano_et_al_2017_public.vcf.gz.tbiVCF file containing imputed genotype data belonging to 67 newly sequenced and publicly available ancient samples.VCF file containing imputed genotype data belonging to 67 newly sequenced and publicly available ancient samples which we analysed in Martiniano et al. (2017).post_imputation_Martiniano_et_al_2017_public.vcf.gzREADME_Martiniano_et_al_2017Description of the methods used for genotype imputation.

This table contains the quantities of each pottery class at each site identified during archaeological surveys in Vidarbha, Maharashtra, India. The data is arranged according to the archaeological sites. For each site, the number of sherds and the MNI count are presented.

This dataset will contain all the data collected from observation and tracking location of the users participating in the experiments using the CROSSCULT Pilot 1app. It will include information about the users’ interaction with the NG collection information. The dataset will comprise anonymised information about the users who will participate in the NG visits, using the CROSSCULT app. Additionally, for users who give their permission, information can be automatically extracted/retrieved from their devices location. User agreement must be obtained before tracking and processing data about the user. The dataset generated from the observation will provide information on user behaviour. The exact make-up of the fields included in this dataset will be determined as part of the work carried out within CROSSCULT.

Eosinophil results by foragingData necessary to run analysis on the influence of foraging on eosinophil concentrations. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.eosfarm.csvEosinophil results by settlementData necessary to run analysis on the influence of settlement on eosinophil concentrations. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.eosset.csvFertility by foragingData necessary to run analysis on the influence of foraging on fertility. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.fertfarm.csvFertility by settlementData required for analysis of fertility and mobility.fertset.csvLymphocytosis by foragingData necessary to run analysis on the influence of foraging on Lymphocytosis. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.lymfarm.csvLymphocytosis by settlementData necessary to run analysis on the influence of settlement on Lymphocytosis. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.lymset.csvMortality by foragingData necessary to run analysis on the influence of foraging on mortality. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.mortfarm.csvMortality by settlementData necessary to run analysis on the influence of settlement on mortality. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.mortset.csvNeutrophilia by foragingData necessary to run analysis on the influence of foraging on Neutrophilia. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.neufarm.csvNeutrophilia by settlementData necessary to run analysis on the influence of settlement on Neutrophilia. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.neuset.csvParasite loadData necessary to run analysis on the influence of settlement on parasite burdenparaload.csvReproductive success and foragingData necessary to run analysis on the influence of foraging on RS. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.rsfarm.csvReproductive success and settlementData necessary to run analysis on the influence of settlement on RS. Given small population sizes all data have been randomised to protect individuals identity.rsset.csv The Neolithic demographic transition remains a paradox, because it is associated with both higher rates of population growth and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Here we reconcile the conflicting evidence by proposing that the spread of agriculture involved a life history quality–quantity trade-off whereby mothers traded offspring survival for increased fertility, achieving greater reproductive success despite deteriorating health. We test this hypothesis by investigating fertility, mortality, health, and overall reproductive success in Agta hunter-gatherers whose camps exhibit variable levels of sedentarization, mobility, and involvement in agricultural activities. We conducted blood composition tests in 345 Agta and found that viral and helminthic infections as well as child mortality rates were significantly increased with sedentarization. Nonetheless, both age-controlled fertility and overall reproductive success were positively affected by sedentarization and participation in cultivation. Thus, we provide the first empirical evidence, to our knowledge, of an adaptive mechanism in foragers that reconciles the decline in health and child survival with the observed demographic expansion during the Neolithic.

A training video about how to search for and learn about surveys using the EMM Survey Registry, both as an academic and non-academic user. This video has been produced in English, French, Spanish

In many temperate regions, ice ages promoted range contractions into refugia resulting in divergence (and potentially speciation), while warmer periods led to range expansions and hybridization. However, the impact these climatic oscillations had in many parts of the tropics remains elusive. Here, we investigate this issue using genome sequences of three pig (Sus) species, two of which are found on islands of the Sunda-shelf shallow seas in Island Southeast Asia (ISEA). A previous study revealed signatures of inter-specific admixture between these Sus species (Frantz et al. (2013) Genome sequencing reveals fine scale diversification and reticulation history during speciation in Sus. Genome biology, 14, R107). However, the timing, directionality and extent of this admixture remain unknown. Here we use a likelihood based model comparison to more finely resolve this admixture history and test whether it was mediated by humans or occurred naturally. Our analyses suggest that inter-specific admixture between Sunda-shelf species was most likely asymmetric and occurred long before the arrival of humans in the region. More precisely, we show that these species diverged during the late Pliocene but around 23% of their genomes have been affected by admixture during the later Pleistocene climatic transition. In addition, we show that our method provides a significant improvement over D-statistics which are uninformative about the direction of admixture. Frantz_Mathematica_NoteBook500b_flt_countsMutational configurations for 500bp blocks1kb_flt_countsMutational configurations for 1kb blocks

203 Israeli and Palestinian students participated in a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design and played the games PeaceMaker and Fact Finders in a different order (Peace Maker first, Fact Finders second or Fact Finders first, Peace Maker second) or played one of the two games (either PeaceMaker or Fact Finders). Their viewpoints and attitudes towards both conflicts (Israel-Palestine conflict and Cyprus conflict) were measured before and after playing each game. The EU funded the development of the game Fact Finders as part of the Horizon2020 project RePAST (2018-2021). This study used the game Fact Finders (which is a game for social impact that is provided free of charge in 8 different languages) in an effort to examine attitude changes for the conflict described in the game and for conflicts other than the one described in the game.

Contributing metadata to the Ethnic and Migrant Minorities' (EMM) Survey Registry as a professional polling/survey company A training video targeting professional polling/survey companies to entice them to document their surveys on the EMM Survey Registry Target Audience for the video: Professional polling/survey companies producing quantitative surveys on ethnic and migrant minorities’ integration and/or inclusion

This data set contains relative humidity measurements obtained with sensors installed in the apse vault of the Cathedral of Valencia in Spain. The interest of these sensors is to monitor the conservation conditions of Renaissance frescoes. Included files are: Cathedral_of_Valencia_RH_2008.csv : Relative humidity measurements for the year 2008 Cathedral_of_Valencia_RH_2010.csv : Relative humidity measurements for the year 2010