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This is the state of the Neptune (NSB) database (http://nsb.mfn-berlin.de) as of 2018-02-12 archived by Johan Renaudie.. The database is given as a native PostgreSQL backup (nsb_postgresql.zip) and is also provided here in SQLite for convenience (nsb_sqlite.zip). As the foreign keys are not preserved in the latter, please check Renaudie et al. 2020 to find back the table relations. Denormalized tables are also provided in file denormalized_table.zip: occurrences.csv contains the full unfiltered micropaleontological occurrences recorded in NSB. filtered_occurrences.csv represent a more typical output from the website, i. e. with possibly reworked specimens, open nomenclature taxa and questionable identifications filtered out. agemodels.csv finally contains the age models (as a serie of tiepoints) with their metadata

Mean height, patterns of biomass allocation, leaf area, and light interception per species in each of the three successional stands as well the results Sidak pairwise comparisons between species within stands.

Abstract Background Identify the objectives and the instructional design of undergraduate endodontics in dental schools in Saudi Arabia. Methods The online questionnaire was developed from an original survey conducted in the United Kingdom. The questionnaire was modified for purpose of the study and the region of interest. Then it was directed and emailed to the undergraduate endodontic program directors in twenty-six dental schools in Saudi Arabia. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results The response rate was 96.15%. The number of credit hours for preclinical endodontic courses was up to four credit hours (84%). Students were clinically trained to do vital pulp therapies (92%), root canal treatment (100%), and root canal retreatment (68%). The majority of dental schools define the minimum clinical requirements (92%). Practical and clinical competency exams were used to evaluate students' performance (92% and 84% respectively). The students were trained to treat cases of minimal (52%) to moderate complexity (48%). Endodontic treatment consent and difficulty assessment form were used by 32% and 60% of dental schools respectively. There was no significant difference in the instructional design between public and private dental schools (P > 0.05). Conclusion The endodontic undergraduate objectives were to graduate competent clinicians who acquired basic science of endodontics and who know their limitations as it is necessary for a safe general dental practice. The use of endodontic treatment consent and case difficulty assessment should be wisely considered in clinical training.

Voor vondsten ect; zie rapport. Van Latijnse School: mooie intacte vloeren en vondsten. Date: 01/08/2011 (veldwerk)

# Opposing life history strategies allow grass shrimp parasites to avoid a conflict of interest Oecologia Special Issue: Parasites in Aquatic Ecology [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05520-3](https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05520-3) ## Summary The data presented in this paper is split into three distinct parts, Behavior study, Field Survey, and Survival Study. Data and Software files are named in accordance. The Behavior study was an analysis of the frequency of certain behaviors performed by grass shrimp with various parasite infections when exposed to a predator or not. The Field Survey was simple survey of grass shrimp parasite populations in four local tidal creeks. The Survival Study measured survival of grass shrimp with varying parasite infections. See the full publication for further methodological detail. ## DataFiles ###### BehaviorData - csv of main behavior data sheet, compiled from the raw data trial - individual number of trial (order that they were performed in) date - date of trial being performed time - time of video trial taking place (all times are PM) length - length of grass shrimp in millimeters numTrem - number of trematode metacercaria in the individual shrimp pred - whether a mummichog predator was included in the trial (Y) or not (N) bop - whether the shrimp was infected with a bopyrid parasite (Y) or not (N) trem - whether the shrimp was infected with over 10 trematode cysts (Y) or not (N) infection - category of shrimp parasite infection (uninf = N Bop, N Trem; Bop = Y Bop, N trem; Trem = N Bop, Y Trem; Double = Y Bop, Y Trem) swimhovdef - percentage of time budget where shrimp was swimming, hovering, or defensive swimhov - percentage of time budget where shrimp was hovering or swimming (more obvious) defense per - percent of budget where a defense activity occurred at a time stamp defense - number of time stamps where a defensive behavior was occurring (used to calculate percentage) swim - percentage of time spent swimming alone active - percentage of time where shrimp was swimming, walking, or defensive activeper - active * 100 (percentage instead of decimal) defense - number of instances where grass shrimp showed a defensive behavior such as jabbing or backward thrusting (note: this is any instance of defensive behavior, not only during the 30 sec time stamps) captive - approximate time that the grass shrimp individual spent in captivity before being used in the trial title - title of video of trial predOrigin - collection site of the mummichog predator (if present) fish.length - length of the mummichog predator in millimeters (averaged from fish sharing a tank so as to reduce instances of stress on fish); trials that did not include a fish have 'n/a' listed for fish.length approxDate - approximate date of collection of the grass shrimp shrimpOrigin - which sampling collection trip the grass shrimp were collected during notes - misc notes on out of the ordinary happenings in videos ###### BehaviorDataRaw\.xlsx Excel sheet with multiple pages, shows shrimp activity for each trial video. Sheets titled after videos (i.e. 420_Double_N) are breakdowns of activity budgets for each video (type of activity at each time), note: time is not the timestamp of the video, instead it is measured from the "start" which is specified under "Timestamp". Column 1 'Timestamp' only has two entries, recording when the 'time' began on the video, and when behavior types were recorded. Defensive behaviors are recorded in cells that approximate the time when they occurred with actual time included in parenthesis. Blank cells indicate no defensive behavior occurring at that time. A table is included after a blank column, used to record instances of each type of behavior, used to calculate percentages. Time is recorded in minutes. ###### FieldSurveyData.csv date - date when sample was collected (2021) Month- month of sampling (each site was collected from each month 'grouping', the grouping usually but not always corresponded with the month it was sampled, i.e. if sites were sampled late in the month, Mott Creek's sample may have been collected on the first of the next month instead site - tidal creek location where sample was collected from (TW = Town, ML = Mallory, LP = Lilliput, MT = Mott) Obs- individual number of shrimp sampled from each site each month Length (mm) - measure of grass shrimp host length in mm from rostrum to telson Bopyrid - number of bopyrid infections in the individual shrimp Trematode - number of trematode cysts in each individual shrimp Microsporidia - number of trematode cysts infected with *Haplosporidia Opacity? - whether shrimp was opaque or not, difficult to see-through broken - whether shrimp rostrum was broken, or if other parts were shortened (impact length) Disease - signs of other illness, i.e. "rust disease" Gravid - if shrimp was gravid (had visible signs of carrying eggs) or not Notes - misc notes for individual shrimp temp (Celsius) - from metadata, for each collection event sal (ppt) - from metadata, for each collection event DO - from metadata, for each collection event DoPer - from metadata, for each collection event Researcher - which researcher processed the individual shrimp Other Obs - scored data from collections with sample size that was too low, these observations were not included in data analysis ###### FieldSurveyTripSummary.xlsx Collection Date - Date of the collection trip Site - Tidal creek where shrimp were collected from Acronym - acronym for each tidal creek location Water Temp (C) - temperature in Celsius of the water taken from the boat at the time of collection Salinity (ppt) - salinity of the water in the tidal creek at the time of collection DO - dissolved oxygen measure from the creek at time of collection, '-' indicate times when no measure was taken DO Percent - percent dissolved oxygen from the creek at time of collection, '-' indicate times when no measure was taken Number Collected - number of grass shrimp total collected during the sampling trip Number Processed - number of grass shrimp that were available to be processed (did not die before processing began) Date Processed - Date on which the collected sample was scored, n/a used when no processing occured Collected By - who collected the shrimp from the boat Processed By - who scored the sample, n/a used when no processing occured Notes - misc notes, includes number dead, or qualitative assessment of sites during collection ###### SurvivalData.csv Jar # - 5 shrimp of each infection status (see below) were included in the first block, 3 of each in the second. Each shrimp was placed in a jar and labelled with the date they started (block), infection status, and number Inf Status - Refers to the category each shrimp was placed into, based on which parasites it was infected with. Uninf = Uninfected (neither parasite), Bop = infected with only the bopyrid, trem = infected with more than 10 trematode metacercaria, Double = infected with bopyrid and more than 10 trematode metacercaria bop - whether shrimp had a bopyrid (1) or not (0) trem - number of trematode metacercaria in each shrimp length - length of shrimp host from rostrum to telson in mm status - used in coxph, alive (0) or dead (1) at 'time'; all shrimp died time - days from the beginning of the trial to death for all shrimp Start Date - shrimp were placed into the trial in two blocked starting dates, 5 of each infection status began on 31-May 2022, 3 of each were placed into the trial on 12-Jun Death Date - date when grass shrimp was found dead Water Changes - dates when water changes were performed (shrimp were fed for ~30 minutes before water changes) Extra Columns with Uninf/Bop/etc. - show number of trematode metacercaria and host, were used to perform ANOVA and t-tests in excel ## SoftwareFiles BehaviorCode.R R code for processing data and generating figures for the behavior study using BehaviorData.csv FieldSurveyCode.R R code for processing data and generating figures for the field survey using FieldSurveyData.csv SurvivalCode.R R code for processing data and generating figures for the mortality study using SurvivalData.csv A conflict of interest occurs when parasites manipulate the behavior of their host in contradictory ways to achieve different goals. In grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), trematode parasites that use shrimp as an intermediate host cause the shrimp to be more active than usual around predators, whereas bopyrid isopod parasites that use shrimp as a final host elicit the opposite response. Since these parasites are altering the host’s behavior in opposing directions, a conflict of interest would occur in co-infected shrimp. Natural selection should favor attempts to resolve this conflict through avoidance, killing, or sabotage. In a field survey of shrimp populations in four tidal creeks in the Cape Fear River, we found a significant negative association between the two parasites. Parasite abundance was negatively correlated in differently sized hosts, suggesting avoidance as a mechanism. Subsequent mortality experiments showed no evidence of early death of co-infected hosts. In behavior trials, co-infected shrimp did not show significantly different behavior from singly infected or uninfected shrimp, suggesting that neither parasite sabotages the manipulation of the other. Taken together, our results suggest that rather than sabotaging or killing one another, bopyrid and trematode parasites tend to infect differently sized hosts, thus avoiding a conflict and confirming the importance of testing assumptions in natural contexts.

In opdracht van Dienst Vastgoed Defensie heeft RAAP van 15 tot en met 30 januari 2018 een archeologisch proefsleuvenonderzoek en een opgraving uitgevoerd in het kader van nieuwbouw op de Koning Willem III-kazerne in de gemeente Apeldoorn. Op 26 juni 2018 heeft op aanwijzing van de gemeente Apeldoorn tevens een archeologische inspectie plaatsgevonden op gebouwlocatie 29. Het voornaamste doel van het onderzoek was het veiligstellen van de wetenschappelijke informatie.Het plangebied bevindt zich op de voormalige Orderenk op de oostelijke voet van de stuwwal van de oostelijke Veluwe. In het uiterste westen bevindt zich een steilrand die al weergegeven wordt op historische kaarten. Deze vormt de overgang tussen de hooggelegen es en de laaggelegen zone waar ook het erf Hogenhof wordt weergegeven. De oorspronkelijke steilrand is bij de aanleg van het kazerneterrein aangevuld en rechtgetrokken en liep oorspronkelijk door de zuidoostelijke hoek van het plangebied. Dit verklaart een grote recent ‘verstoorde’ zone. Dit is feitelijk opgebrachte grond.De Orderenk was rond 1832 te herkennen als een aaneenschakeling van bouwlandkampen omgeven door houtwallen. De opgraving valt binnen het bouwland van het oude Order erf Hogenhof dat op historische kaarten uit de negentiende eeuw ten zuiden van het toenmalige erf valt. Hogenhof, ook bekend als Den Pass of Egbert van Ordensgoed, dateert waarschijnlijk uit de late middeleeuwen. Bij de bouw van de huidige kazerne is de boerderij afgebroken.Tijdens het onderzoek zijn 546 archeologische sporen aangetroffen, waarvan het overgrote deel bestaat uit paalkuilen. Naast sporen die op spoorniveau al een functionele interpretatie kregen, zoals de hutkommen, konden verscheidene clusters paalsporen reeds in het veld al worden herleid tot structuren. Tijdens de primaire dataverwerking zijn deze verder verfijnd en nieuwe structuren onderscheiden.Het archeologisch onderzoek heeft 1714 vondsten opgeleverd. Slechts vier vondsten zijn als aanlegvondst in een laag aangetroffen. Enerzijds is dit veroorzaakt doordat bodem in grote delen van het onderzoeksgebied was verstoord tot op het sporenvlak, zodat de vondstlagen reeds ontbraken. Anderzijds kon – naast de coupe- en afwerkvondsten - ook het overgrote deel van de aanlegvondsten worden gekoppeld aan sporen. Meer dan de helft van alle vondsten (58%; n=962) is afkomstig uit de vier hutkommen.Binnen het plangebied Koning Willem III-kazerne zijn archeologische resten uit verschillende perioden opgegraven. Ten eerste zijn twee concentraties haardkuilen uit het mesolithicum aangetroffen. Vanaf het eind van de late ijzertijd of het begin van de Romeinse tijd vond er wederom bewoning plaats op het terrein. De vroegste resten bestaan uit tweebeukige gebouwplattegronden en bijgebouwen, die elkaar rechtstreeks in de tijd hebben opgevolgd en zo mogelijk deels tegelijkertijd hebben bestaan. Het gebruik van het terrein zet zich voort tot in de midden-Romeinse tijd. De bewoners van de nederzetting zullen grotendeels zelfvoorzienend zijn geweest. Het lage percentage importaardewerk toon aan dat keramiek voornamelijk lokaal werd vervaardigd. Daarnaast werd binnen de nederzetting ijzer geproduceerd en bewerkt, al zijn metalen voorwerpen uit deze periode niet aangetroffen.Na de midden-Romeinse tijd zijn daadwerkelijke bewoningsresten absent tot de late middeleeuwen. Uit de dertiende eeuw is een vrij gedrongen plattegrond aanwezig, die op grond van de afmetingen niet direct doet denken aan een (woonstal-)huis en mogelijk een andere functie had. Duidelijk is dat ook in deze periode ijzer werd bewerkt. De in de plattegrond aangetroffen gesmede spijkers zullen een lokaal product zijn geweest en zijn gebruikt in de desbetreffende constructie. De resten kunnen worden gezien als een (onderdeel van de) middeleeuwse fase van het erf Hogenhof. In deze periode bevindt een erf zich doorgaans nog op de hogere delen van het perceel. Vanaf de late middeleeuwen verschuift de bebouwing zich naar de flanken en worden de hogere gronden gebruikt als akkerland. Date Submitted: 2020-03-16

Design A mixed-method study with quantitative and qualitative analyses. Setting Household survey at Raute temporary camps in the Surkhet District of Karnali Province, Nepal between the period of May to September 2021. Primary and secondary outcome measures The presence of hypertension and its socio-demographic, anthropometric, and behavioral covariates among the participants. Participants For quantitative analysis, all men and non-pregnant women of the nomadic Raute community aged 15 years above were evaluated for hypertension and its covariates. For the qualitative analysis, we purposively selected both Raute and Non-Raute key informants for in-depth interviews to understand, explain and enrich the quantitative findings.